Analysis of using innovative cloud technologies for automatization of application tasks in a startup

First step after setting a sample in theoretical review. It has already been mentioned importance of this step in the thesis. First at all theoretical review outline main trends and condition of whole industries, both startup and cloud services. It helps to better understand accurate area of research, main type of products and projects that operate on the modern market and how they operate, main problems that exist nowadays and other moments that should be payed extra attention to. For example, basing on the literature review is constructed list of problematic areas of startups and list of types of cloud services that can be used in startup industry. Additionally, some points from theoretical foundation describes researches that help to narrow gap area of this research and help to concentrate on other points. Secondly, some sections in theoretical review describe, explain and analyze main definition that are used in thesis. It has an extra importance because some of these definitions are interpret differently in various sources, so choice of accurate exegesis of main concepts of thesis sets the course of whole work. Thirdly, in literature review are listed and analyzed practical advices and focus moments of interview and survey. Main points that are in focus of thesis are types and level of cloud service usage in project, efficiency of completing of regular tasks and correlation between them. All information that can be needed during work about these three points is written in theoretical foundation in details. This information is used for composing questions for interview. It will be described more detailed in interview section. Finally, literature review helped to make a scale of measurements for efficiency of completing tasks in startups everyday work. It will be described more detailed in survey section.

The second step is an interviewing of startup founders and owners. This step is oriented on collecting of data about specific moments of work with cloud services in startup conditions and based on information collected in literature review. Interview was made with in-depth method in order to reveal insidious constructs and concepts. Main focuses were on problematic areas of startups and types of cloud services that are used in companies. Additionally, collected information about influence of cloud services on efficiency measurements in project during period from the launching of it. List of the questions is represented in Appendix A. A sample of respondents presents a convenience-based sample firstly and secondly snowball sample. The biggest interest for research as a respondent represents employee from top-management or founders/owners of startup. The reason of this sample is assumption that these persons dispose of the widest picture of processes in company. Mainly in research are represented startups winners of GoTech 2018 exhibition. This exhibition is one of the biggest in Russian Federation and there are represented mainly successful startups, so the information from CEO's, founders, directors, owners and etc. can describe a role and influences of cloud services on already successful startups and exclude situation when efficiency of completing of usual tasks in startups is hardened because of other independent factors. One more reason to choose startups from this exhibition is that there represented only technical startups, but because of existing of different nominations - startups represented from different subindustries, including cloud service industry, IT industry, healthcare, governmental and etc. It provides diversity and help to avoid mono-source bias. Finally were interviewed 12 startups agents from GoTech 2018, 1 startup from restaurant industry and 1 foreign startup. All interviews were transcribed, encoded and contextual analysis was made in order to collect information for composing of questions for survey. Some common constructs became a basis for questionnaire in the next stage.

The third step is survey. Survey is completely confidential and anonymous, so the will not be mentioned any personal data of respondents or companies they are working at. In this thesis is used structured survey that provide statistical information for further analysis. Main criteria of sample that is chosen for this survey - respondent must be working in any startup. Does not mater position, experience and industry. That means that any employee in startup of any kind is an appropriate respondent of a survey. Survey is also presented as a convenience-based sample firstly and secondly snowball sample. Respondents were found in startups where earlier had been conducted interviews, marketing companies, restaurant startups, young company in game design industry, event agency and other. Detailed list of the questions from survey is represented in. Survey is divided in 3 main parts:

* General questions. This part contains questions about respondent's general information. This data has no important role in the research, but was decided to collect it for examination of independence from influence of factors, which is the main goal of research. There are only one type of questions is used in this part of survey - single choice questions.

* Cloud service. In this part all questions concern cloud services usage in the project where respondent works. Contains information about terms, types, goals and results of cloud services usage. There are 2 types of questions is used in this part of survey - single-choice questions and multi-choice questions.

* Self-efficiency. The last part of survey contains questions that provide information about efficiency of the person on the work. This part is based on literature review mainly - basing on it was decided to use 3 main factors that illustrates efficiency of completing of regular tasks in startup: self-assessment of efficiency level, a number of tasks that respondent complete in one workday and time that respondent spend on one average regular task. There are 3 types of question is used in this part of survey - single-choice questions, open-answer questions and Likert scale.

The last part of the survey is correlation analysis in SPSS application. First at all were done two different types of statistical tests in order to confirm existence of correlation between different indexes of cloud service usage and efficiency of completing of basic tasks in startups. Kruskal Wallis statistical test for K-independent samples for significance of differences in indicators of efficiency between groups of cloud services usage level. The second test is Mann-Whitney statistical test for 2 independent samples, that allows to check if the usage of cloud services provides statistically significant difference in contribution of efficiency indexes. Correlation analysis will be done with the Spearman's correlation coefficient due to the fact that. data is distributed non-normally. In this analysis was tried to find correlation between level of usage in project, which is represented in second sections of survey and efficiency of workers of startup in completing of regular tasks, which is represented in the third section of the survey. As the measures of efficiency was taken next indexes: average number of tasks that completed by employee per day, time that respondent spent on completing of one task and his self-assessment of efficiency in work. As the measures of volume of usage of cloud services was taken next indexes: self-assessment of impact of cloud services on efficiency of employee, level of activity of usage of cloud services, number of tasks that are automated by cloud services. In addition to correlation analysis will be analyzed a most common type of cloud service that is used in most of companies.

4. Results

To give an introduction to results of this thesis firstly should be described general characteristics of data that was collected within the framework of thesis on different stages of the research. During interview part was taken interview with agents of 12 startups that were represented on GoTech 2018 exhibition, 1 startup from restaurant industry located in Saint-Petersburg and 1 foreign startup. Lower can be found a detailed list of startup that took place in interview:

* Uploadcare

* StreetBee

* Samplomat

* ParkWise

* Warden Machinery

* Mind&Machine

* Studyx

* SwarmDB

* Zvonobot

* iVoice

* Eczo

* Cyberlit

* Gedonist bar

* Vee Security

Most of interviews were taken in textual way, but in some cases were used technologies that allow to provide remote communications. As a result of this part of research will be written a list of points that were mentioned mostly through questions in different interviews and most common answers for the same question.

* Full trust. Most of respondent answered on the question about dread of important information storing at cloud storage negatively. Generally startup leaders have a big “stock” of trust for cloud services. Some of them mentioned that store on cloud storages not only internal company information, but also secret documents or data of their commercial partners and clients. This trust is justified by general brand loyalty(google, apple, Yandex) mainly. Pair of respondents explained such trust as confidence that cloud service company are doing everything to safe data of clients, because any problem in this sphere provide full loss of trust and loyalty not only of startup that was damaged, but also of consumers that are loyal to startup.

* Storing information. Fact that cloud services mostly used for data storing was one of the most obvious and expected result, because that type of cloud services is the most common among all people . Interesting in this group of answers is that not only different corporative documents, but also information of clients can be stored on clouds, despite all risks of data breach. Also is widely used storing of data that can be needed by clients of startup on cloud services. Going forward, storing information as a most commonly used type of cloud service is confirmed by survey also.

* Price. One more interesting discovery is that one of the frequent reasons to use cloud services is their cheap price comparing to possible substitutes. A big range of offer allows each company to choose service with conditions that perfectly suits this company.

* Data availability. This is the most frequent answer in both categories. Startup founders appreciate cloud services for possibility to access data that is needed, to work with data and share data do not matter what time is it and where are you located right now.

Summing up information that was collected during only first section of practical part has already provide a lot of interesting facts about internal features of usage of cloud services and, minimally. One point directly corelated with the theme of the thesis that was described in introduction - flexibly price policy of cloud services allows each startup to get neccesery software from the launching even if startup has a small budget. Another fact that is useful for thesis theme especially is a usage of mailing cloud services. As it was mentioned by respondents that such services that can automatically send e-mails, mobile massages and even answering incoming messages with beforehand text help to lower cost of functioning of startup, lower the number of routine tasks and safe or even improve connection with clients. And that was main results on interview part and the next step is survey part of research.

Survey was answered by 305 respondents. Most of them were found by snowball method and that is the reason. Survey was distributed in absolutely different industries starting from web-security and finishing with restaurant industry. Lower are represented illustration of descriptive statistics with main numeric data points.

The very first diagram shows a gender distribution of respondents of the survey. As it can be seen on above there are a bright dominance of male respondents. The simplest assumption that can be made basing on this graph is that in startup industry on that moment is obviously works more males than females. It can be a basis for an interesting research, but topic oh this thesis is not connected with this theme.

This graph is more correlated to theme of the work. On the graph above is illustrated distribution of respondents within their position of the startup they are working at. As it was expected - number of simple workers is the highest in sample, but agents of other levels of company hierarchy are also represented in adequate relation to each other. Importance of agents from high position in company taking place in the survey is in reliable mark of all the measurements in company, because owners and top management posses full information about actual situation in company and that means that their mark of company's is the most authentic.

This pie chart shows all the spheres where can be used cloud services in conditions of startup work. Spheres were developed on basis of literature review and information that was got during interviews. In the final version were chosen 7 spheres of main practice of cloud services. As it can be seen on the chart - the smallest number of votes has part “do not used”. It can be interpreted as a high ratio of cloud service usage in startup industry. Additional attention should be payed to “data storage” index, because as it was mentioned in interview research part - data storage is most frequent type of cloud services and it is justified by survey too. Interesting correlation can be observed in points “work with datasets” and “getting of actual information” - these points have the same number of votes and can be expected that in startups where one of the regular task is processing of data this actions are mainly completed on cloud environment. One more significant observation that point “general access to documents between employees”, because this type of cloud services was not actively discussed in interviews, so can be made a conclusion that this way of cloud service usage is more spread out between employees on low level of hierarchy, because interviewed were only top segment in startups.

That were the most significant and interesting remarks that can be made without deep statistical analysis of dataset that was got during survey part. Generally to sum up all the information can be made next conclusions: cloud services are widely used in startup industry, as it was already mentioned in previous parts of thesis - cloud storage is the most popular service from all the range of services that are represented on today's market, interesting suggestion that modern startups in case of data analytics starts to use cloud based software actively. After general review of statistics that was collected previously was done statistic analysis, Further will be main tables with information and their description. As already been mentioned were used three different analysis:

· Mann-Whitney statistical test for 2 independent samples. This test was made to understand is there are a statistically significant difference in contribution of efficiency indexes. In other words this test helps to know if the efficiency mark is higher in case of cloud service usage. Descriptive part of this test shows distribution of different efficiency indexes in companies that actively use cloud services and those who do not.

· Spearman correlation matrix that is constructed with two-tail criteria shows level of correlation of different points in questionnaire and their level of the significance. This matrix can be used for estimation of directions of influence of factors that were researched in survey. Also this matrix allows to control the significance of this impact.

· Kruskal Wallis statistical test for K-independent samples can be usefeul in defining of significance ratio of differences in indicators of efficiency between groups of cloud services usage level.

4.1 Mann-Whitney statistical test

This test was made on basis of main research question of this thesis: how automatization with cloud services influences on efficiency of completing of startup's practical tasks and cases? Exploring of this question was made with thirst 2 questions. The third point in this test is dedicated to connection between success rate of the company and efficiency in work of employees in the company. This question has already been researched in adjacent industry of project in different traditionally companies organized companies. In that research was confirmed correlation between these two factors and of connections between cloud service usage and success of the company can be perceived as an indirect verification of correlation between cloud service usage and efficiency of the project. This question can be formulated as: does the influence that affect cloud service on startup efficiency has an impact on total success rate of the company. This research was minutely reviewed in theoretical part of this thesis but was marked that the same correlations in startup industry have not been confirmed yet.

As we can see in the table - all three hypothesizes were accepted via rejection of null hypothesizes. Should be explained that as a null hypothesis in all three points was taken as an absence of differences in categories that are compared in exact point. This fact means that usage of cloud services has a significant impact on marked efficiency of the completing of regular tasks of startup and, additionally were confirmed the same influence on success of the startup that uses cloud service by these services. Such conclusions can be made because after this test can confidently declared that fact of cloud services usage by startup workers has a statistically significant difference in distribution of indicators of efficiency in the company.

This graph is a graphical illustration of test that were reviewed higher and clearly seen that those respondents that work in startup that use cloud service rate their efficiency higher in average than workers of startups that do not use cloud services in regular work.

Even brighter correlation can be found in case of task number that are usually done by respondents in frames of their regular work in startups. Minimally graph illustrates that in startups that use cloud services more highly-rated answers than in startups that do not use.

And final graph illustrates distribution of answers concerning success rank of the company and cloud service usage. Generally can be confirmed that there are minimally indirect connection between these two factors. More detailed research of this question may become a theme for the next thesis.

Concluding information that were gather with these test can be confidently said that using of cloud services in startup work has an impact on startup's measurements of efficiency which is based on fact that in all cases were claimed ensured statistically significant difference in distribution in efficiency ow workers in startup that is provided by usage of cloud services.

4.2 Spearman correlation matrix

In this matrix was used 17 factors. List of factors is written below and whole matrix can be found in Appendix B.

· Gender

· Age

· Position in the company

· Does company uses cloud services

· Level of cloud service usage

· Type of cloud service: communications

· Type of cloud service: data storage

· Type of cloud service: actual information getting

· Type of cloud service: remote access to software

· Type of cloud service: general access to documents between employees

· Does not used

· Period of cloud service usage in company

· Impact of cloud services on work efficiency in company

· Self-mark of regular task completing efficiency

· Number of tasks completed in one work day

· Success of the startup

In order to make this matrix some factors were encoded, for example age - as respondent is older than bigger mean of factor or as more active is usage of cloud services, then higher an index of factor.

In this matrix most interesting for thesis factors have higher a higher positive correlation coefficient. Here are outlined and listed factors that have minimal suitable level of rate. In order to exclude less-weight factors minimal level is set like 0.800.

1. Impact of cloud services on work efficiency in company and Does company use cloud services. Coefficient - 0,849

2. Level of cloud service usage and Type of cloud service: general access to documents between employees. Coefficient - 0,819

3. Level of cloud service usage and Number of tasks completed in one work day. Coefficient - 0,853

4. Type of cloud service: communications and Type of cloud service: actual information getting. Coefficient - 0,808

5. Type of cloud service: general access to documents between employees and Level of cloud service usage. Coefficient - 0,819

Some of correlations will be rejected as an obvious and useless. For example, correlation between cloud services that are used for communication and cloud services that are used for getting an actual information. Goals of these services is almost similar and in some situations one can substitute another, so correlation between them does not provide any significant information. So finally main focus is set on next pairs of factors: impact of cloud services on work efficiency in company and fact that company uses cloud services, level of cloud service usage in company and number of tasks that completed by respondent per workday. These two correlations have the biggest coefficient from all the others and they are directly connected with theme of the thesis. In other words, increasing of one factor leads to a growth of other. In frames of this thesis this connections can be interpreted as a one more justification of hypothesizes.

4.3 Kruskal Wallis statistical test

Kruskal Wallis test for K-independent samples shows significance of differences in distribution of efficiency factors in activity groups of cloud services usage.

This is one more statistical test for independent samples. Here are 3 factors: self-mark of efficiency of completing of regular tasks in startup production. The way of distribution of indexes can be marked a statisticaly significant difference. Moreover this difference can be interpreted like wokers of startups that use cloud services is higher index of efficiency and succes.

Conclusion

In modern fast world in conditions of globalization and scientific breakthrough technologies are developing with high speed and all the types of businesses have a lot of opportunities that provided by technologies. And cloud computing with cloud services that are based on this technology is a perfect example. They appeared in the second half of previous century and today it is one of the most widely used instrument of automatization of all the processes. And such instruments that can occur a serious influence on way of business are perfectly suits to another phenomena of modern business world - startup type companies. This companies is developing in unique conditions and have a lot of difficulties originated from this uniqueness. In this work were described in details a lot of aspects of startup “life” and basing on this information can be confidently said that cloud services have a great influence on most of working processes that makes up startup everyday work. But in modern scientific world there are no authentic and actual information about this influence. This research contain collection of theoretical data that can explain different aspects of startup work and also information about how cloud services is used in the same processes and works, but in area of traditionally organized business. Moreover this work contain practical based information about not yet described cooperation of startups with cloud services and filling this gap in business theory.

In the first theoretical part of this research were described different types of cloud services. It helps to better understand opportunities that provide this technology, what influence it has already done in modern business world.

Main goal of this thesis is to find out and confirm an existence of correlation between usage of cloud services and startup's activity efficiency rates. This goal was reached successfully. For reaching of this goal were used 1 theoretical way and 3 practical. Theoretical review narrowed research area down and determine main focuses of the research and also helped to formulate ways of better exploring research question. Final formulation of research question of this study sounds like “how automatization with cloud services influences on efficiency of completing of startup's practical tasks and cases?”. Also after theoretical review was set 3 hypothesizes of research:

1. There is clear correlation between usage of cloud services in conditions of startup project and efficiency of completing of basic everyday tasks in startup work

2. Correlation between usage of cloud services in conditions of startup project and efficiency of completing of basic everyday tasks in startup work is positive

3. In case of correlation between cloud services usage and efficiency of completing of basic everyday tasks in startup work will be also correct statement that more active usage of cloud services leads to more efficient way of completing of regular tasks in startup.

For confirmation of these hypothesizes, answering of research question were made interview with top management or founders of different startups form different industries and even from different countries. These interviews contain description of cloud services usage in startups including in internal aspects like most used types of cloud services, problems and dreads that relate to cloud service usage. Also they provide information that furtherly is used in survey and helped to make survey more actual and goal-oriented. The next step was survey - the main instrument of statistics collecting. There were more than 300 respondents from different startups. Sample is made up from people of different position in company and different attitude to cloud services. Finally, were made different types of analyses: Spearman correlation matrix, Mann-Whitney statistical test and Kruskal Wallis statistical test for K-independent samples. Due to this test was confirmed an existence of correlation between usage of cloud services and startup's activity efficiency rates. Additionally should be added that this correlation can be characterized as positive, basing on results of these three tests. And finally these hypothesizes were also confirmed.

As for the developing of this research in basis - in theoretical part and in practical part was affected a question of correlation between total success of the startup and its inwork efficiency that, as it is already confirmed connected with usage of cloud services in startup.

To sum up all that was written above can be said that automatization with cloud services have confirmed influence on completing of basic everyday tasks in frame of startup work.

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Appendix A

1. Опишите вкратце суть Вашего проекта.

2. Знаете ли вы, что такое облачный сервис?

3. Используете ли вы их в повседневной жизни? Если да, то какие?

4. Используете ли вы их в повседневной работе текущего стартапа/проекта? Какие? Почему именно их?

5. Вы используете их с самого начала или они были подключены в процессе? Почему?

6. Для каких операций/процессов/целей используете облачные сервисы? Какова их роль?

7. В целом, какая информация хранится в облачных сервисах? Хранится ли там важная/ коммерчески-секретная информация? Не испытываете ли опасений по этому поводу и почему?

8. Что вам нравится в облачных сервисах? Каковы их преимущества

9. Сталкивались ли с проблемами или неудобствами при эксплуатации сервисов?

10. Есть ли ограничения, которые налагают облачные сервисы?

11. Думали ли вы о замене или переходе на некие альтернативы

12. Чувствуется ли как наличие сервисов сказывается на повседневной работе(положительно/отрицательно)? Если подключали позже, то чувствуется ли разница?

13. Анализировали ли вы результаты внедрения облачных сервисов в работу? Как они влияют ли стартапы на финансовую часть или ключевые показатели эффективности?

Appendix B

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