Economic aspects of the logistics systems management in a small business

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Economic aspects of the logistics systems management in a small business

Viktor Shyshkin

Zaporizhzhia National University Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

Oksana Onyshchenko

Zaporizhzhia National University Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

Abstract

The article analyzes theoretical foundations of enterprises logistics system construction, gives the classification of main entrepreneurial activity subjects in Ukraine, traces key development trends and outlines a role of small business in the national economic system, conducts a comparative analysis of small and medium entrepreneurship specific weight and defines the main key economical aspects of managing their logistics system. The research conducted studies the theoretical foundations of the formation of ways to optimize the movement of goods in the logistics system of a small business entity with the aim of minimizing economic costs. It states that appropriate management decisions due to the optimization of the logistics system of small business entities should be made regarding delivery terms, taking into account costs and revenues, the feasibility of using outsourcing, the type of vehicle, the number of delivery points, their size and locations.

Keywords: system, logistics, logistics system, small business enterprises, commodity flow, optimization.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ В МАЛОМУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВІ

Шишкін Віктор Олександрович Запорізький національний університет Запоріжжя, Україна

Онищенко Оксана Анатоліївна Запорізький національний університет Запоріжжя, Україна

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні засади побудови логістичної системи підприємства, наведено класифікацію основних суб'єктів підприємницької діяльності в Україні, простежено ключові тенденції розвитку та окреслено роль малого бізнесу в національній економічній системі, проведено порівняльний аналіз питомої ваги суб'єктів середнього та малого підприємництва, а також визначено ключові економічні аспекти управління їх логістичною системою.

Ключові слова: система, логістика, логістична система, суб'єкти малого підприємництва, товарорух, оптимізація процесів.

Introduction

In the modern conditions of the socio-economic development of Ukraine and the socioeconomic crisis caused by the pandemic due to COVID-19, the competitive struggle for the consumer among small business entities is intensifying. Therefore, the use of effective cost optimization tools in order to reduce the cost of production is a key factor in achieving success in the conditions of price competition. Logistics is such a tool today.

Literature review

Such well-known scientists as E. Krykavsky (2009), A. Kalchenko (2003), A. Hadzhinsky (2000), A. Semenenko (2009) and other domestic and foreign scientists devoted their scientific works to the problems of the economic aspects of the management of the logistics system of the enterprise.

Paper objective

The goal of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of the formation of ways to optimize the movement of goods in the logistics system of a small business entity in order to minimize economic costs.

Results and discussion

Any system is a set of interconnected elements that in close interaction with each other form a certain integrity and have a single goal. The term "systematic" has several meanings:

1) a concept that reveals the fundamental property of the world and convinces that the surrounding world is not a phenomenon and processes isolated from each other, but a set of interconnected and interacting components;

2) the fundamental principle of scientific knowledge, the essence of which is revealed in the application of a complex approach in the study of complex objects and orients the research to the disclosure of their integrity and interaction between them and their reduction into a single system of knowledge (Semenenko A.Y, 2009).

The main features of any system are:

- the presence of a set of constituent elements;

- the presence of subsystems as a result of the interaction of system elements;

- presence of components as a result of interaction of subsystems;

- existence of connections between subsystems and components;

- the presence of a certain level of integrity, the sign of which is that the system, thanks to the interaction of components, receives an integrated result;

- communication with other systems of the external environment.

Therefore, each separate science, scientific activity, enterprise and its subdivisions must be considered as a certain system that has interconnected elements, subsystems, components, defined functions, goals and internal structure.

The well-known foreign scientist A. Hadzhinsky (2000) considers the concept of "logistics system" from the standpoint of a systemic approach and defines such characteristic features as complexity, integrity, structuredness, integration, uniqueness, subordination, mobility, adaptability, divisibility, organization, stochasticity, inertia, multifunctionality, reliability and efficiency. The scientist believes that the logistics system is an adaptive system with feedback that performs certain logistics functions. As a rule, it consists of several subsystems and has developed connections with the external environment.

According to the opinion of the famous Ukrainian scientist-economist, one of the recognized authorities of the Ukrainian school of logistics, E.V Krykavskyi (2009), the logistics system is an adaptive system with feedback that performs certain logistics functions and operations, consists, as a rule, of several subsystems and has developed connections with the external environment.

Another foreign scientist L.B. Mirotin (2003) characterizes the logistics system as such, the elements of which are material, financial and information flows, on which logistics operations are performed, connecting these elements in accordance with the general goal and performance criteria (Mirotin, 2003).

Ukrainian scientist-economist, academician M.O. Aucklander believes that the logistics system is an organizational and management mechanism associated with achieving the required level of integration of logistics functions due to organizational transformations in the management structure and the implementation of special management procedures, the basis of which is the planning of production support and physical distribution as a single material flow.

The lack of unity in the definition of the term "logistics system" indicates the dynamic and rapid development of logistics as a science and, at the same time, insufficient definition of the conceptual foundations of logistics, which requires further research to clarify the essence of the concept.

The principles of the logistics approach require the integration of logistics, production, sales, transport and the transfer of information about the movement of goods into a single system, which should increase the efficiency of work at each stage and cross-industry efficiency. The purpose of the logistics system of a small, medium or large enterprise is to optimize the cycle of reproduction by means of a complex, oriented to the needs of the end consumer, the formation of material and information flows in the production and distribution of finished products.

Today, small business is one of the most promising segments of the country's national economy, primarily because of the opportunities to create new jobs and change the culture of doing business in Ukraine, creating a trend on its own initiative. logistics business entrepreneurial

A small business is an entrepreneurial activity formed at one's own risk, which does not contradict the current legislation and creates a small number of jobs (up to 50 people). The purpose of starting a small business is both to make a profit and to achieve personal success. The following are the key characteristics of a small business:

1) relatively small sizes;

2) limited number of employees;

3) limited circulation of capital;

4) local area of operations and specific direction of work.

Small business plays a significant role in ensuring employment, saturation of the market with consumer goods and services, contributes to structural restructuring of the economy, development of market competition, weakening of monopoly, is a means of self-realization and actively forms the middle class. It is an important source of innovation.

The main functions of a small business are as follows:

1) formation of a competitive market environment;

2) ensuring the flexibility of the market economy;

3) promotion of rapid development of scientific and technical progress;

4) absorption of surplus labor force;

5) mitigation of social tension;

6) formation of the middle class;

7) promotion of demonopolization.

According to the law of Ukraine, all business entities are classified into micro-enterprises, small, medium and large enterprises (Table 1).

Table 1