Equipment of technological receiving storage and delivery of fuel

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Introduction

The theme of the course paper: `Equipment of the technological line of acceptance, storage and discharge of fiel'

The task of the course paper: to get the skills of construction and conditions of usage of equipment for operation with fuel.

The object of investigation :design of fuel filling station.

The purpose of investigation : implementation of technical equipment and operations of the fuel supply enterprise.

In this course paper will be considered the following items:

· determination of the tanks capacity for storage of fuel, type of tanks and their equipment,

· calculation of the foundation for the tank,

· the selection of pumps for pumping of fuel in tanks,

· selection of equipment for purification of fuel,

· description of the equipment for draining of fuel, characteristics of this equipment and the process of draining of the fuel.

Technologies of transportation, storage, and preparation for draining and the draining itself includes maintenance of a large amount of warehouse and special equipment of fuel supply. Correct application of equipment for performing all operations with fuel provides high efficiency fuel supply in companies.

The main aim of course paper is solving the problem of selection of the necessary equipment to ensure the implementation of technological operations of the enterprises dealing with the sales of fuel in larger or smaller amounts.

1. Main part

Problem statement of course work

Initial data for implementation of work are:

- Grade of fuel, the supply of which the company will make;

- A way of transporting fuel to the enterprise,

- Average daily consumption of fuel by the company.

Input data are selected from Table I by a number, under which name of student is in group list. In course paper we decide with purpose of the enterprise, its functions that it should perform.

We also make decision about usage of the given type of petroleum products and operating schedule of the selected enterprise i.e. duration of fuel usage.

My enterprise is Kharkiv International Airport. This airport works twenty-four hours a day. It has the fuel and lubricant warehouse. The fuel and lubricant warehouse is a complex of buildings intended for reception, storage, processing, quality control of fuels, oils and special fluids, and feed them to the fueling of the aircraft, vehicles, and fuel plant and machinery.

According to modern standards, the fuel depots are divided:

· By functionality -- transshipment, transit and distribution;

· For transport links the receipt and shipment of petroleum products - by railway, water (sea, river), pipeline, road, and combined water and rail, pipe rail, etc.);

· According to the storage of petroleum products -- fuel storage for flammable and combustible petroleum products and general fuel storage ;

· Annual turnover -- into five classes in accordance with table VNTP 5-95.



Fig. 1. KHARKIV International Airport

Selection of equipment for receiving fuel, depending on the method of delivery to the enterprise

According to my variant, delivery of the fuel should be provided by car. At my enterprise fuel is delivered by road. In this case, the filling station must be equipped with drainage wells. (Fig. 1)

Fig. 2. The drainage well

The drainage well (receiving well for oil products) is designed to receive petroleum products from a tanker truck, a gasoline tank truck or a fuel tanker and to drain it into tanks. Wells for fuel drain can be completed with aluminum or steel covers. The drainage well with the lid consists of a steel well (Steel St3pc) and an aluminum (or steel) lid and is used to protect the lines of fuel intake and discharge from the atmospheric precipitation, as well as gasoline vapor recovery units (vapor recirculation units). There are several types of drainage wells: for three, four, five and six types of fuel plus one unit for returning vapors to each kind of wells. It is possible to develop a custom well at the request of the customer.

The drainage well is designed to receive fuel from a gasoline tank truck into a tank at a gas station or oil depot.

The inside of the well is equipped with drainage lines.

Each of these lines consists of:

· clutch couplings;

· drain filter;

· fire suppressor;

· ball valve or valve;

· flanged connections for connection to the fuel line.

Fig. 3. General view of fuel draining from a tank truck to a filling station

The dimensions of the drainage (receiving) well depend on the number of drainage lines located in it.

In addition to the drain lines, the well can be equipped with a built-in pump for pumping fuel.

2. Determining the capacity of storage tanks, choosing the type of tank, its equipment

When delivering fuel by road, the capacity of the tank farm is determined by the formula:

Where, Vtanks - is the volume of tank farm, m3;

Qnaver - is average daily fuel requirement, kg/day;

Кrailway - is standard reserve of tanks capacity depending on daily fuel requirement; Кrailway = 1;

Кtank - is factor of using the tank capacity, Кtank =0,9…0,95;

P - is density of fuel, kg/m3.

In my case:

Qnaver = 10 m3/day = 10 t/day = 10000 kg/day

P = 790 kg/m3.

Vtanks = 13 m3

For the reception and storage of petroleum products at the filling station, I choose 3 underground steel horizontal tanks (Fig. 2.3.1) In volumes 5 m3, as they withstand higher internal excess pressures and rarefactions.

Structurally, the tanks are double-walled. To exclude the possibility of ignition of fuel vapors in the interstitial space of the tank, the latter is filled with an inert gas by displacing air. At the same time, the oxygen concentration in the interstitial space of the reservoir should not exceed 10% (vol.).

Fig. 4. Underground steel horizontal tanks

Fig. 5. Underground steel horizontal tanks: 1-shell of the tank; 2-manhole (neck); 3-filling tube; 4-pipe distribution; 5 - stripping pipe; 6-branch vent; 7-port of the manhole; 8 - ladder for descent into the tank; 9 - a collar

The excess pressure in the interstice space should not exceed 0.02 MPa. To prevent excess pressure in the interstitial space, a safety valve with a trigger threshold is installed on the reservoir at a pressure increase of up to 0.03 MPa.

At the gas station will be provided a system of joint monitoring of the interstage space of double-walled tanks for fuel storage. Also, the tanks are equipped with additional equipment to fill the interstitial space with gas.

Basic equipment of horizontal tanks

Underground tanks are equipped with special equipment designed for their safe operation - piping. Typically, this is:

* drain and fill nozzles;

* necks with hatches;

* technological wells;

* internal staircases;

* pipeline accessories

* thermal insulation;

* level sensors and alarms;

* heaters;

* service areas, etc.

Each tank is equipped with a drainage device for draining fuel from tank trucks, a device for measuring the level in the tank (pipe for the introduction of a metro rod), a receiving pipe of a fuel dispenser with a receiving valve inside the tank. Each tank has a neck, the size of which allows for a revision inside the tank and its periodic cleaning. The neck of the tanks is closed with lids.

Each type of oil product corresponds to its sealed drainage device.

The structure of the drainage device includes:

· Drain clutch MNU-80 A metal, for hermetic connection of the draining hose of the tanker truck with the receiver at the fuel discharge;



Fig. 6. Drain clutch MNU-80 A

· Filter drainage FSN-80 for draining fuel into the tank in a closed way, which provides filtration of the discharged fuel from mechanical impurities and protection from the ingress of flames and sparks into the tank;

Fig. 7 Filter drainage FSN-80

· Ball flanged.

Fig. 8. Ball flanged

· Fire-retardant. The fuse eliminates the possibility of sparks or flames entering the tank.

Fig. 9. Fire-retardant

Reservoirs are also equipped with a deaeration system with breathing valves. At large diurnal fluctuations of outside temperature, the pressure in the tanks can rise or fall below atmospheric pressure. The same can happen if the temperature of the fuel delivered differs from the temperature of the fuel in the tank. To avoid large fluctuations in pressure that can lead to deformation of the tanks or the failure of the dispenser operation, breathing valves with fuses are used, which are connected to the tanks by deaeration pipelines.

Fig. 10. Breathing valve type NDKM: 1-branch pipe; 2 fire-blocking cassette; 3-saddle; 4-disc shutter; 5-lower case; 6-lower diaphragm; 7,8,14,15 - flanges; 9-upper case; 10-chain; 11-lateral hatch; 12-upper hatch; 13-cap; 14-replaceable disk; 17-upper membrane; 18-discs; 19-pulse tube

The purpose of the breathing valves is to minimize the loss of petroleum products with "large" and "small" breathing tanks while avoiding exceeding the permitted pressure or vacuum in it.

The fuse eliminates the possibility of sparks or flames entering the tank. A pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure in the tank, which can produce signals for "pressure" or "vacuum" in the case of blockage of the deaeration system.

During operation, the tanks will be corroded, both from the outside and from the inside. Therefore, I propose for the outside side protection - apply to the pre-prepared surface of the insulation coating in the form of bitumen-polymer mastics. From soil corrosion of the bottom of tanks - protection of waterproofing layer. The inner surface of the tank will be covered with paint and varnish materials in 2-4 layers, followed by drying each applied layer separately.

3. Calculation of foundation for tanks

In order to choose the type of foundation it's necessary to calculate the pressure of the greatest reservoir of the group on ground. It can be made by the following formula:

P=

P - pressure on soil, kg/m2

G - reservoir mass, kg

S - area of reservoir bottom, m2

- fuel density, kg/m3

H - height of fuel in the reservoir, m

From the technical characteristics of the tank РГС 10 we take the mass of the tank, kg, the area of reservoir bottom, m2 and the height of filling the tank with fuel, m.

G = 2520kg, S = 3,2 m2 , H = 5,6m

P = 2520/3,2 + 790*5,6 = 787,5+4424 = 5211,5 kg/m2

So, the two horizontal underground tanks I have chosen are mounted on a concrete cushion with the help of anchorages. Underground tank to prevent ascent (in case of heavy rainfall) will additionally be fixed with clamps to the base. From above it will be protected by a canopy to distribute pressure evenly to the tank body. The underground tank is filled with a mixture of sand and cement, which is rammed every 20 cm.

Fig. 11. 1 - Asphalt screed; 4 - drainage groove; 2 - flexible membrane; 5 - tank bottom; 3 - railway foundation ring; 6 - tank wall.

Selection of pumps for filling the tanks and extradition of it to consumers.

In pump selection for FLM enterprise it is also necessary to take into consideration pump feeding that is indicated by average daily fuel consumption. Average fuel consumption can be calculated by next formula:

Where,

Qpupm - pump feeding

V - average daily consumption by volume

h - time of enterprise work

V = 10 mі = 10000 l

Qp = 10000/24=417 l/h=6,9 l/min

Pumps are selected depending on the viscosity and pressure of the saturated vapor of the pumped fluid and pressure. The number of installed pumps depends on the need for simultaneous pumping of petroleum products of several varieties, total capacity and pressure.

I chose an electric pump type KM for pumping diesel fuel/

Fig. 12. Electric pump type KM

Electric pumps KM are designed for pumping light petroleum products (diesel fuel) at temperatures up to 50 ° C and the viscosity of the product to 100 / s.

Pump units are made of explosion-proof electric motors. Shaft seals are the face. Includes return flanges.

Advantages of a monoblock design:

* weight reduction due to the use of a special motor;

* reducing noise and vibration by reducing the number of rotating parts (the design has one common shaft, there is no coupling);

* Simplified installation - the mounting is carried out by the feet of the electric pump.



Fig. 13. Pumps KM: 1 - case; 2 - impeller; 3 - the shaft of the electric motor; 4 - electric motor

In a monoblock cantilever pump type KM, the body is attached to the motor flange, and the impeller is mounted on its elongated shaft.

Wheels are manufactured by casting, materials for them are chosen taking into account the aggressiveness of the pumped medium. Most pumps have cast-iron wheels. The front wheel of the wheel has an turned cylindrical surface, which it enters into the cover of the pump casing. In the cover, in turn, the O-ring is pressed.

The clearance between the wheel and the lid should be minimal, but it provides a free (without friction) rotation of the wheel. It is usually chosen within the range of 0.4-0.6 mm. With increasing clearance, the amount of liquid flowing from the pressure cavity to the suction under the influence of the pressure difference increases.

Fig. 14. Monoblock cantilever pump type KM

4. Determination of units for fuel cleaning

Used for cleaning fuel filters from the body and placed in it filter elements. They are classified according to purpose, construction, installation location, the principle of operation, the fineness of screening, the experience of regeneration.

Filters are designed for separate removal of mechanical impurities, water and simultaneous removal of mechanical impurities and water.

In the place of installation, there are standard filters installed on the engine and supplied with it, and track filters installed in the fuel preparation system of the engine, as well as filters of bunker bases installed to clean fuel at these bases.

According to the type of filter element, gap filters (plate, tape, wire), mesh, fabric, of fibrous materials (felt, felt, cotton yarn, etc.), paper, cardboard, cermet, plastic.

According to the experience of detention of pollution, surface and volume filters are distinguished.

Surface filters retain the impurities on the surface of the thin-layer filter material. These filters use paper, cardboard, fabrics, mesh, and materials, through which crevices are formed, through which the fuel is filtered. In bulk filters, impurities are retained both on the surface of the filter material and in its entire volume. They have small areas and entrance surfaces and a sufficiently large thickness of the filter material (more than 20 mm).

Single and multiple use.

By the fineness of the purification, fuel filters of fine and coarse cleaning are produced. The coarse filters are designed to remove large particles up to 80 - 100 мm and ensure normal operation of fine filters.

Based on the estimated volume of the tank farm, the type of fuel and the capacity of the pump, for cleaning the fuel at my plant, I chose the following filters:

- Fine filter FG-2G;

- Filter separator Gespasa.

Fine filter FG-2G.

Fig. 15. Fine filter FG-2G

Refillable. The degree of filtration is 5 microns. The capacity is 500,000 liters. The flow rate is 105 l / min. Suitable for aviation fuel: AVGAS, JETA.

- easy to disassemble for cleaning and replacing the cartridge

- the volume of the flask is 2 liters.

- degree of filtration - 5 micron.

- degree of water filtration - 93%.

- flow velocity - 105 l / min.

- Sludge removal valve under the filter flask.

- working pressure - 0.3-0.5 bar.

- productivity - 500000 liters.

Filter separator Gespasa.

Fig. 16. Filter separator Gespasa

The reusable filter separator Gespasa is designed for fine cleaning of diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene and other carbon liquids from water and mechanical impurities.

To improve the quality of the filter, it is necessary to periodically disassemble it for rinsing and replace the cartridges. The filter is installed in front of the suction pump in its intake part using a 1.5-inch thread. The degree of filtration is 5 microns, and the amount of filtered water reaches 93%. The filter is able to hold up to 10 liters of water. Under the filter flask there is a special tap to remove the sludge. The performance of the Gespasa model is 1,000,000 liters. The filter works with pumps at flow rates up to 160 l / min.

Specifications:

- manufacturer - Gespasa, Spain;

- type of industrial filter for medium use - liquid;

- type of industrial filter for liquids - physico-chemical (coal);

- maximum throughput, cu. m / hour - 9.6;

- the minimum size of trapped particles, мm - 5.0;

- material of the filter housing - aluminum;

- degree of filtration, мm - 5;

- degree of water filtration,% - 93;

- flow velocity, l / min - 160;

- the pressure gauge on the top of the filter - yes;

- productivity, l - 1 000 000;

- location - before the filling column / pump or after.

Also it is necessary to determine amount of required filters. Knowing fuel consumption, we can determine necessary quantity of filters from the following formula:

Where:

necessary filters number;

filter capacity,

Qp = (Q??/n)*2

n=24 hour.

Qp = (10/24)*2=0,83 mі/hour.

Fine filter FG-2G = 6,3 mі/hour.

Filter separator Gespasa = 9,6 mі/hour.

0,83/6,3 + 1 = 1.

0,83/9,6 + 1 = 1.

5. Description of equipment for the delivery of fuel, equipment and characteristics of the process of issuing fuel

The issuing of petrol in relatively small quantities directly into the fuel tanks of vehicles used standard equipment of petrol stations, are equipped with fuel dispensing.

For point gas stations within the depot, I propose fuel-dispensing units GILBARCO SK 700 6-3 made in Germany, designed for distribution of petroleum products in medium and large stations.



Fig. 17

Data fuel dispensing equipped with electronic counting device with a flexible Protocol, a three line LCD display with resolution of 10 ml.

Fuel dispensing is equipped with:

- double degree of purification of fuel ;

- suction pump for dispensing two tap for each product prod. 100 L/min;

- solenoid valve deceleration and cut off on each transfer crane;

- low-heat transfer sleeves;

- dispensing taps with automatic fuel cut-off with overflow.

6. Development of the production line receiving, storage, preparation and delivery of fuel

The technological scheme is a graphical representation of the piping system for pumping fuel and necessary equipment for the storage and dispensing of fuel operations. This scheme should provide simultaneous execution of operations such as reception and delivery of fuel to the necessary bandwidth opportunity pumping fuel from one tank to the other fuel quality preservation during storage and other operations, according to the fuel purpose. Therefore, the construction of the scheme is necessary to accurately determine the location of this or other equipment.

A properly designed circuit is the key to efficient operation of businesses providing fuel equipment.

This technological scheme provides multiple operations such as:

1. A fuel storage tank;

2. Issuance of fuel;

3. Fuel Filters;

4. Allowance issued amount of diesel

fuel filter storage pumping

Fig. 18. 1-Tank; 2, 3- Valves; 4, 8 - Manometers; 5- Filter grid; 6- Safety valve; 7- Pump; 9- Fine filter FG-2G; 10- Filter separator Gespasa; 11- Check valve; 12- Grounding; 13- Fuel dispenser; 14- Valve; 15- Rubberized hose; 16- Connecting pipe

Conclusion

Thus, in the course of the work, I fixed the knowledge of topics such as the concept and the main unit lubricants warehouse, gas stations and the work of the process equipment of fuel supply plant.

In this paper, the process of receiving the fuel were analyzed by me, its location, storage, and dispensing, as well as select and calculate the basic technological equipment of gas stations. To this end, the following equipment was used:

- 3 vertical steel tanks;

- Filtration equipment;

- Fuel is applied;

- Fuel dispensers.

In addition, I was picked up by the foundation; calculate the required amount of the tank farm, the required number of filters and pumps to ensure continuous and reliable operation of the enterprise.

References

1. ЕДИГАРОВ С.Г., МИХАЙЛОВ В.М., ПРОХОРОВ А.Д., ЮФИН В.А. Проектирование и эксплуатация нефтебаз. - М.: Недра, 1982. - 280с.

2. НИКОНОВ К.В. Конструкция технологического оборудования складов горюче-смазочных материалов. Учеб. пособие. - К.: КМУГА,1996.-392с.

3. ПУЗІК С.О., БАКАНОВ Є.О. та ін. Технологічні процеси з пально-мастильними матеріалами. Посібник, - К.:НАУ, 2002. - 265с.

4. ШИШКИН Г.В. Справочник по проектированию нефтебаз. - Л.: Недра, 1078. - 215с.

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