Размещено на http: //www. allbest. ru/

Vladimirskiy State University named after the Stoletov brothers Vladimir, Russia

Владимирский государственный университет имени А.Г. и Н.Г. Столетовых Владимир, Россия

The use of combined heating systems

Применение комбинированных систем отопления

Obrezova E.I.

Обрезова Е.И.

Combined heating is a modern way of organizing the heat supply of the house, which is based on the combined use of several independent sources of thermal energy (all available in the present day energy). Such system allows to avoid a large number of problems caused by breakdown of machinery, inability to obtain various types of fuel, problems with power supply systems and gas supply, etc.

In the modern world is becoming more and more popular implementation in practice of combined heating systems that utilize various sources of heat energy: how traditional heating system and alternative sources (earth, sun, wind, etc.). Such systems have considerable energy efficiency (the level of their efficiency is 80%). In addition, it is economical heating, as well as environmentally friendly.

The heating may be dual-mode, two-component, intermittent. Dual mode is the heating applied at different temperatures of the same carrier in different time of the day. The dual-mode water heating is directed to the working period when the water circulates at low temperature (useful internal heat generation) and non-working period -- high (or Vice versa). To lower water temperature turn on mixing pump is used to enhance straightthrough flow of coolant from the outer conductor. Two component is considered to be heating the two systems complement one another to provide the necessary supply heat in the room. The task of the first system, called basis, is to align the deficits, per unit volume of the second (air, gas, electric) to heat the room to the required temperature. The effect of reheating system automatiseret to work for a given program, a two-component combined heating can operate intermittently, and then the thermal regime of the premises will be characterized by three conditions: the constancy of temperature during the working time, a decrease in temperature when switched off, the system of reheating and heat the premises before starting work in them.

The main advantages of combined heating:

• high productivity;

• reliability;

• cost-effectiveness;

• environmental safety;

• versatile (use of both traditional and alternative media);

• uniform distribution of heat energy in the house.

Combined heating also has the disadvantage, and it is associated with the cost of buying equipment and installing it. This type of heating is expensive, but technology in this area are developing, and soon the combined heating for all will be more accessible.

The principles of the combined heating:

• energy gain from all currently available sources,

• energy reserves are created, accumulated and stored,

• energy stocks rationally focusing in the heating system and water supply.

Such economical heating can be created not only from a zero cycle (still under design), but also in any already has a heating system of the building.

Briefly describe the elements of the combination heating.

Heat pump

Heat pump system combined building heating can be a significant source of heat. Produced different versions of heat pumps with different capacity, high efficiency. These pumps can be made under the order of any power. The estimated period of operation is 25 to 30 years.

Collector solar

The main advantages of using solar collectors are:

• Solar combination units heat the water, unloaded heating system. The solar installation, which only heat the water that is already quite common. But the combined solar installations, and is able to heat water for domestic use, and to participate in the heating - this is a new, more effective and progressive decision.

• Through the use of advanced materials and technological solutions of solar collectors can operate reliably no less than 25 years.

• Due to the fact that the solar system requires no maintenance (no need to drain the system, refill, clean, etc.) it turns out saving money.

• If you set the modem controller, whereby the specialists of the manufacturer of the system will be able to remotely control the operation of the installation, and you never have to worry about whether it works.

Fireplaces, stoves

Furnaces and fireplace inserts with a water circuit are an important part of the system combined house heating. Their work is fundamentally different from ordinary fireplaces and stoves are much more effective and more profitable in any respect. Devices connected to the home heating system, allow to use the energy of burning wood to heat water. The heated water accumulates in the heat accumulator is used in the heating system.

The efficiency of such furnaces ranges from 55% to 85%. They additionally can be equipped with ducts that will automatically provide supply to different areas of warm air.

What is not economical heating?

Multifunctional boiler (storage tank)

This device is the heart of the system of combined heating. To the heat accumulator connected a heat pump, solar collector, furnace and any other generator of heat. In addition to the use in this boiler the effect of stratification, the integrated condensing gas boiler. This high-performance boiler is located in the upper compartment of the storage there, where does the heated water. The boiler is activated only in the case when the temperature in the top compartment of the drive will drop to a certain level. Is heating only the upper part of the buffer storage device, not just its volume. This is another indicator of economical heating using natural gas for water heating is minimized, and solar energy for heating buffer storage is used.

The use of combined heating greatly increases the life of each of the devices. Each system supports and complements the other. Pretty quickly there is its economic benefit. Economical combined heating is most effective in a house with good insulation.

By the way, the combination of different types of heating appliances. Sometimes we create a combined heating system without even thinking about it. When the batteries warm is unsatisfactory, include electric radiator. This is the basic variant of the combined system of heating. Often included in different areas of the house various devices is more rational than using one for whole house heating system operating on a single fuel.

Any system of heating a good complement to electric heating devices. For example, do you heat the cottage in winter with the boiler on liquid fuel. But why run at full capacity, expensive system in the offseason, if a fireplace? Excellent additional heating source serve as infrared radiators (IR-devices, film, foil). They include, if usually the house is heated by a stove or solid-fuel boiler, but don't want to bother with firewood.

Underfloor heating is often combined with electric radiators in the kitchen, in bathrooms and in children's mount a water floors, in other rooms include radiators.

Possible hybrid system and electric heating and wall and baseboard convectors. Useful area heated electric warm floor mode teplonakopleniya, and above a Desk or bed for local heating include infrared heaters. You can also add an electric fireplace.

Traditional boilers also have a combined modification. For example, an inflatable combination boilers are designed so that they can work alternately with replaceable fan burners. Burner except for fuel oil, diesel or gas, can be combined, they are called "dual fuel". One such burner is able to switch from diesel to gas by burning the fuel with nearly the same emissivity. Thus, combination burner replaces the two -- diesel and gas.

Combination boilers with alternative energy sources such as solar collectors and heat pumps in our country to date implemented mainly in pilot projects. If heat pumps use about 50-70% of the peak load, they will compensate about 80-90% of the annual demand for thermal energy. The remaining 10-20% of the peak load can cover cheap boilers. This combination of boilers with heat pumps is often used, to reduce the payback period and increase the energy efficiency of heat pumps. The same can be said about solar collectors. Typically, solar collectors are designed for peak load and have a high payback period. Combination boilers and heat pumps allows you to find the optimum initial investment costs and energy savings.

Types of boilers: heating energy solar fireplace

• Electricity, diesel, gas.

It is preferable to use in conjunction with any other heat source as an additional means of heating the home if the area is large. His power may not be enough for high quality home heating. But to maintain the temperature at the level it should be fine.

• Electricity, diesel, gas and solid fuel.

It is better to use solid fuel. This will be the most economical option. And the opportunity to work on other types - as a reserve.

• Solid fuel, gas, diesel oil.

Give the ability to combine sources of energy. You can use wood, coal, peat briquettes, and the like. The design allows to significantly reduce the dependence on gas supply. Convenient for those homes where it uses the gas from the cylinders.

References

1. A. N. Skanavi, L. M. Makhov. "Heating" - M.: ASV, 2008. (Textbook for universities) -p. 562

2. http://tgv.ulstu.ru/library/scientists/

3. Chernov G. S. - Water-heating homes, cottages,2005

4. Kedrov V. S. Engineering equipment of buildings. Moscow "Higher school", 1987

5. http://www.heating-systems.ru/

6. Prikhodko I. S. Abyzov, A. G. Handbook of the designer of engineering equipments. Kiev "Budivelnyk", 1988

Размещено на Allbest.ru