A study of some electrical and mechanical properties of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics

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A study of some electrical and mechanical properties of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics

Rome Salamon

Annotation

Aniline was polymerized on a cotton fabric to obtain conductive cotton by chemical polymerization, polyaniline is one of electrical conducting polymers and is easy to apply. Polymerization done by using several concentrations of aniline (ANI) and hydrochloric acid, and with the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The electrical conductivity, band gap and some mechanical properties of the coated fabrics were studied. The best electrical conductivity was (14.620x10-3S/ cm) at (3%ANI) ((1:4:0.5): (ANI(g): HCl(g) :APS(g))).

Keywords: cotton fabrics, polyaniline, electrical conductivity.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ И МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ХЛОПЧАТОБУМАЖНЫХ ТКАНЕЙ С ПОЛИАНИЛИНОВЫМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ

Рим Саламон

Аспирант колледжа химической и нефтяной инженерии

Университет Аль-Баас сирийско-Хомс

Зиад Сафар

Кандидат технических наук в колледже химического и нефтяного

машиностроения Университет Аль-Баас сирийско-Хомс

Насер Сад Аль-Дин Доктор наук в Колледже Наук Университет Аль-Баас сирийско-Хомс aniline polymerization cotton

Аннотация: Анилин был полимеризован на хлопчатобумажной ткани для получения проводящего хлопка путем химической полимеризации, полианилин является одним из электропроводящих полимеров и легко наносится. Полимеризация осуществляется с использованием нескольких концентраций анилина (ANI) и соляной кислоты, а также с присутствием персульфата аммония (APS) в качестве окислителя. Изучена электропроводность, ширина запрещенной зоны и некоторые механические свойства тканей с покрытием. Наилучшая электропроводность была (14,620 х 10-3 См /см) при (3% ANI) ((1: 4: 0,5) :(ANI (г): HCl (г): APS (г))).

Ключевые слова: хлопчатобумажные ткани, полианилин, электропроводность.

Introduction

The electric conductivity is one of the new characteristics of fabrics that have been focused on in previous years. As a number of methods have been applied to produce conductive fabrics, including deposition of conductive polymers on fabrics. the conductive polymers can be deposited chemically on the surface of the fabric or Electrochemically. Chemical precipitation is one of the most used methods, due to the possibility of treating larger areas of fabrics compared to other methods [6, c. 25]. J. Molina and his partners studied the properties of polyester fabrics covered with polyaniline using two types of acid, HCL and H2SO4, and better results were obtained using sulfuric acid [6, c. 25]. In 2012, N. Muthukuar deposited polyaniline over three textile substrates of cotton, polyester and nylon [7, c. 440]. Samah also deposited polyaniline on non-woven fabrics of Kevlar fibers and non-woven fabrics of glass fibers [8, c. 127]. Subhankar and his partners deposited polypyrrole on several substrates: woven cotton fabric, woven wool fabric and non-woven polyester fabric, the resistance was ((1-2)(KQ))[10, c. 79]. Ying et al used polyaniline nanofiber wrapped nonwoven fabric as the active material to construct high performance and flexible pressure sensors [12, c. 50].

Aim of study:

The objective of this research obtaining electrical conductive fabric to used in electrical device and flexible solar cell, by coated fabric with conductive polymer.

Materials and Experimental

Bleaching woven plain weave 100% cotton fabric with the weight of 135 g/m2 was purchased from the local market. Aniline (C6H5NH2 from MERCK), hydrochloric acid as doped acid (HCl Panreac Quimica), Ammonium persulfate as oxidant (APS;((NH4)2S2O8(from VWR) and distilled water were used as solvents[9, c. 250].

Aniline was dissolved in solution of HCl and distilled water, the cotton fabric was immersion in the mix for (30min), after that another solution was prepared from HCl and APS which dissolved in distilled water, the last solution was added to first solution slowly at room temp., after two hours the cotton fabric was arise and dried in air room condition, three concentration of aniline were applied ((1,3,6)%), with seven concentration of HCL

((1:0:0.5,1:1:0.5,1:2:0.5,1:3:0.5,1:4:0.5,1:5:0.5,1:6:0.5):(ANI(g):HCL(g):APS(g)).

Results and Discussion:

After preparation of the treatment solution and applying it onto the cotton samples then drying, the cotton samples were tested using Casy Lab for determine electrical conductivity, the spectrophotometer to calculated band gap, Martindale for measure treatment stability to abrading, and tear strength test.

1- electrical conductivity of cotton fabrics:

the electrical resistance (R(Q)) of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics were measured by Casy Lab device, then the electrical conductivity was calculated from the follow equation[8, c. 129]:

(1)

where 5: electrical conductivity (S/cm)

R: electrical resistance (Q).

L: The distance between the two electrodes on the sample (cm). S: across area of samples (cm2).

Table (1) values of electrical conductivity of coating cotton fabrics

The table (1) shows the highest value of conductivity (14.620x10-3S/cm) at (3%) ANI with concentration (1:4:0.5). the relationship of the conductivity and material concentration were studied based on table (1), as figure (1).

Figure(1) electrical conductivity of cotton fabrics at different concentration of ANI and HCl

Figure (1) shows that conductivity increase with the aniline increase from 1% to 3% then decrease when aniline concentration at 6%, where the low concentration of aniline monomer is not enough to start oxidation reaction and the polymer producing is low which decrease conductivity, at the high concentration of aniline the reaction become more densely so lead to produce more oligomers and the conductivity become less [11, c. 524].at (3%) aniline the increasing of HCl concentration leads to increase the conductivity, which the concentration of the acid affects the degree of protonation of the polymer that affects on electrical conductivity. Until concentration (1:4:0.5) after that the conductivity decrease with increase HCL concentration because of increase of (H+) which leads to hydrogen bonding formation and leads to precipitation of non-conducting oligomers[4, c. 1050].

2- band gap:

The coating cotton fabrics were tested using (JASCO 530 spectrophotometer) within the band (190-1100) nm and the device connected to a computer to record the transmission. The test was applied for (3%) ANI fabrics. band gap calculates from transmittance value by follow formula:

a=2.303 A/D (2)

1

A = log (3)

v = i (4)

where: a: absorption coefficient A: absorbance D: thickness (mm)

T: transmittance c: Velocity of X: Wavelength (nm).

The band gap calculated from follow equation:

1

<xhv = A1(hv- Eg)2 ... [5, c. 100]

Where h is Planks constant. figure (2) shows the absorbance of poly aniline coated cotton fabrics.

Figure (2) absorbance of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics at 3% ANI

The straight line range of plots are extended on hv axis to obtain the values of band gap Eg of the samples, table (2)shows band gaps of PANI coated cotton fabrics.

Table (2) band gap of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics at 3% ANI

Figure (3) shows decrease band gab with increasing of HCl concentration until (1:4:0.5), which corresponds to the increase in electrical conductivity as shown in figure (4), after (1:4:0.5) the band gab increase as HCl concentration increase while electrical conductivity decrease. The band gab at (1:4:0.5) was (1.9Ev).

Figure (3) electrical conductivity of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics at 3% ANI

Table(2) shows that band gab values are compatible with conductivity in table(1) of (3%) ANI. As band gap express the energy gap between valance band and conduction band, that determine electrical behavior of materials.

3- abrasion resistance:

Martindale device was used to measure the wearing away of any part of a Material by rubbing against another surface, the mass loss difference before and after abrasion is reported as weight loss as follow formula[3, c. 80]:

M0 - M1

AW = 0 i.100 (5)

M0

AW: loss in mass (%)

M0: weight before abrading (g) M1:weight after abrading (g)

After abrasion cycles the increase in resistance calculate as follows[1, c. 59]:

AR: the increase in resistance (KQ)

Ro: electrical resistance before abrading (Q).

Ri: electrical resistance after abrading (Q).

The value were recorded before and after (500 abrasion cycles).

Table (3) weight less and resistivity increased of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics at 3%ANI

Table (3) shows increase (AW) with HCl concentration increase because of effect of HCl on cotton fabrics, HCl causes damage for callouses, the weight loss means part of polyaniline deplete that leads to increase (AR).

4- Tear strength:

This test method covers the determination of the force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a fabric and using a falling-pendulum type[2, c. 90].

Table(4) tear strength of polyaniline coated cotton fabrics

Table (4) shows decrease of tear strength with increase HCl concentration, which cause chemical damage to the cellulose.

Conclusion

Electrical conductive cotton fabrics were obtained using conductive polymers, The polyaniline was synthesed by chemical polymerization of aniline on cotton fabrics. The best electrical conductivity was (14.620* 10-3 S/cm) at (1:4:0.5) and 3%ANI,where band gap value is (1.9 eV), increase resistance about (4.05KQ), weight less (3.46) and tear strength (6.55N).

References

1. [Anne Schwarz and el, Electrical Conductive Textiles Obtained by Screen Printing, FIBRES & TEXTILES in Eastern Europe 2012, 20, 1(90) 57-63.

2. ASTM D1424-96, Standard Test Method For Tearing Strength Of Fabrics By Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendrof) Apparatus.

3. ASTM D4966-98, Standard Test Method For Abrasion Resistance Of Textile Fabrics (Martindal Abrasion Tester Method).

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10.Subhankar Maity and Arobindo Chatterjee, Textile/Polypyrrole Composites for Sensory Applications, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Composites, Volume 2015, Article ID 120516, 6 pages

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