Methodical approaches to designing cabinet kitchen furniture
Methods for designing individual kitchen cabinet furniture. The kitchen as a component of the environment of residential buildings. Description of the artistic-figurative type of interiors, design of cabinet furniture in the kitchen of living quarters.
| Рубрика | Производство и технологии |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 06.06.2022 |
| Размер файла | 21,4 K |
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Methodical approaches to designing cabinet kitchen furniture
1Abyzov V. A., 2Kamionka L. W., 1Bulgakova T. V., 1Ahliullin R. M., 1Poliakova O.V.
1Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design zPolitechnikaSwiqtokrzyska, Poland
The aim of this study is to identify the main approaches and develop methods for creating individual design of kitchen cabinet furniture. The kitchen with its furniture and equipment is an important part of the environment of residential buildings. Since equipping the kitchen with modern furniture, the latest materials and accessories also influences the formation of the artistic appearance of the interior, the study of the design of cabinet furniture in the living space is very important and timely at the present stage.
Methodology. The study used the analysis of literature sources on the design of furniture; structural and system analysis; synthesis of research results; computer modelling.
Results. Two main approaches to the design of kitchen cabinet furniture are identified: "from consumer to product" and "from product to consumer"; a method of creating individual design of kitchen furniture within the "from consumer to product" approach is developed; features of the "from product to consumer" approach are formulated. It is determined that the first approach is related to the individual design of furniture, in which certain wishes, requirements and ideas of the customer create the algorithm of work.
These requirements can be dictated by the specifics of the interior of the room from aesthetic and functional points of view. The second approach is aimed at mass-produced kitchen furniture, which is more in line with large furniture production, where it is the manufacturer who selects the design, and the consumers adjust their desires to the offer of the company, which is more suitable for low-income consumers.
Scientific novelty. For the first time, the basic approaches to the design of kitchen cabinet furniture are defined and characterized, and methods of creating individual design of kitchen cabinet furniture within the "from the consumer to the product" approach are developed.
The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for designers and manufacturers in the design of kitchen cabinet furniture.
Keywords: design; kitchen; cabinet furniture; kitchen furniture design; design methodology.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ КОРПУСНИХ МЕБЛІВ КУХНІ
1АБИЗОВ В. А., 2КАМЕНКА Л. В., 1БУЛГАКОВА Т.В., 1АГЛІУЛЛІН Р. М., 1ПОЛЯКОВА О.В.
1Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну 2Свентокшистська Політехніка, Польща
Метою даного дослідження є виявлення основних підходів та розробка методів проєктування індивідуальних корпусних меблів кухні. Кухня з її меблями та обладнанням є важливою складовою середовища житлових будинків. Оскільки оснащення кухні сучасними меблями, новітніми матеріалами й фурнітурою впливає і на формування художньо- образного вигляду інтер'єрів, дослідження дизайну корпусних меблів кухні житлових приміщень на сучасному етапі є досить важливим і своєчасним. Методологія. В дослідженні використано аналіз літературних джерел з питань проєктування меблевих виробів; структурний та системний аналіз; синтез результатів дослідження; комп'ютерне моделювання.
Результати. Виявлено два основних підходи до проєктування корпусних кухонь: «від споживача до виробу» та «від виробу до споживача», розроблена методика проєктування індивідуальних корпусних меблів кухні в рамках підходу «від споживача до виробу», сформульовані особливості підходу «від виробу до споживача». Визначено, що перший підхід пов'язаний з індивідуальним проєкту- ванням меблів, у якому певні бажання, вимоги й ідеї замовника вибудовують алгоритм роботи. Ці вимоги можуть бути продиктовані специфікою інтер'єру приміщення в естетичному й функціональному планах. Другий підхід спрямований на серійні кухонні меблі, що більше відповідає великим меблевим виробництвам, тобто головним тут є виробник, і споживач підлаштовує свої бажання під пропозицію підприємства, що більш раціонально для споживача з невисоким рівнем доходів.
Наукова новизна. Вперше визначені та охарактеризовані основні підходи до проєктування корпусних кухонь, розроблено методи проєктування індивідуальних корпусних меблів кухні в рамках підходу «від споживача до виробу». Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає у можливості їх застосування для дизайнерів і виробників при проєктуванні корпусних меблів кухні. Ключові слова: дизайн; кухні; корпусні меблі; проєктування кухонних меблів; методика проєктування.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ КОРПУСНОЙ МЕБЕЛИ КУХНИ
1АБЫЗОВ В. А., 2КАМЕНКА Л. В., 1 БУЛГАКОВА Т. В., 1АГЛИУЛЛИН Р. М., 1 ПОЛЯКОВА О.В.
1 Киевский национальный университет технологий и дизайна 2Свентокшистская Политехника, Польша
Целью данного исследования является выявление основных подходов и разработка методов проектирования индивидуальной корпусной мебели кухни. Кухня с ее мебелью и оборудованием является важнейшей составляющей среды жилых домов. Поскольку оснащение кухни современной мебелью, новейшими материалами и фурнитурой влияет и на формирование художественно-образного вида интерьеров, исследование дизайна корпусной мебели кухни жилых помещений на современном этапе является весьма важным и своевременным.
Методология. В исследовании использован анализ литературных источников по проектированию мебельных изделий; структурный и системный анализ; синтез результатов исследования; компьютерное моделирование.
Результаты
Выявлены два основных подхода к проектированию корпусных кухонь: «от потребителя к изделию» и от «изделия к потребителю», разработана методика проектирования индивидуальной корпусной мебели кухни в рамках подхода от «потребителя к изделию», сформулированы особенности подхода от «изделия к потребителю». Установлено, что первый подход связан с индивидуальным проектированием мебели, где определенные желания, требования и идеи заказчика выстраивают алгоритм работы. Эти требования могут быть продиктованы спецификой интерьера помещения в эстетическом и многофункциональном планах. Второй подход направлен на серийную кухонную мебель, что больше соответствует большим мебельным производствам, то есть главным здесь является производитель, и потребитель подстраивает свои желания под предложение предприятия, что более рационально для потребителя с невысоким уровнем доходов.
Научная новизна. Впервые определены и охарактеризованы основные подходы к проектированию корпусной кухни, разработаны методы проектирования индивидуальной корпусной мебели кухни в рамках подхода «от потребителя к изделию». Практическое значение получаемых результатов заключается в возможности их применения для дизайнеров и производителей при проектировании корпусной мебели кухни. Ключевые слова: дизайн; кухни; корпусная мебель; проектирование кухонной мебели; методика проектирования.
Introduction
kitchen interior design
One of the priority and socially important areas of work of a furniture designer is the design creation of modern, comfortable, reliable, and innovative furniture. Given the important role that the kitchen plays for people, the designer of living space and furniture should pay special attention to creating conditions of maximum comfort for future residents. The rapid development of high technology has led to a significant increase in the quantity and quality of automated and mechanized devices and innovative materials, which today have become an integral part of everyday life, including the design of the kitchen and its equipment and furniture. At the same time, the situation is somewhat complicated by the lack of scientific and methodological research in the field of kitchen cabinet furniture design.
In general, it can be argued that the actual practice of kitchen cabinet furniture design, which is changing rapidly, is significantly ahead of the relevant theoretical research.
Analysis of previous research. The following Ukrainian authors study cabinet furniture and furniture design as part of interior design: V. Abyzov [15], T. Gabrel, O. Oliinyk, V. Cherniavskyi [12], S. Mygal, Y. Podolsky, Z. Diachun [9], V. Strilets [13], S. Somka, Ye. Antonovych [14], A. Mastrova, H. Khavkhun [10] and others. In the works of these researchers, the main aspects of artistic modeling of furniture and equipment are highlighted and possible perspective directions of development of this sphere of design are outlined.
The works of Western authors are devoted to the problems of various design solutions for cabinet furniture. In addition, design approaches to different categories of cabinet furniture are considered. These are, in particular, the works of such authors as S. Alitajer, G.M. Nojoumi [1], A. Davies, K. Tollervey [3], E. Cheever [2], J. Gros [4], Jiang, Bin, Niu, Hui and Zhou Di. [5] and others. In particular, the famous Western researcher Miller Dzh [11] research the history of furniture art and consider the features of furniture for different age groups.
Foreign researchers pay considerable attention to the color of the furniture. Problems of color perception in the design of household items were studied by B. Berlin, A. Davies and G. Davidoff, P. Kay, G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, and others. The works of these authors prove that color has not only physiological and psychophysiological, but also emotional impact.
Acknowledging the conducted research, it is worth noting the existence of unresolved issues in scientific understanding of the development of cabinet furniture design for various purposes in Ukraine. It is reflected in the absence of a separate study on this topic, the subject of which would be the requirements for the design of cabinet furniture in the kitchens of residential buildings. It should also be noted that further study and perspective aspects of the development of the mentioned field of design are needed.
Statement of the problem. The aim of the work is to identify the main approaches and develop methods for creating individual design of kitchen cabinet furniture. The kitchen with its furniture and equipment is an important part of the environment of residential buildings. When designing the kitchen, a modern designer must take into account the need to apply in practice the latest technological advances that facilitate and improve the quality of human everyday life. As equipping the kitchen with modern furniture, the latest materials and accessories also influences the formation of the artistic appearance of the interior, the study of the design of cabinet furniture in the kitchen of living spaces at the present stage is very important and timely.
Results of the research
Considering the method of designing kitchen cabinet furniture, in our opinion, there are two main approaches: from consumer to product and from product to consumer. This study will consider each of them.
"From consumer to product" approach to the creation of individual design of kitchen furniture. This approach is completely consumer-oriented, where certain desires, requirements and ideas of the customer dictate the progression of work. These requirements can be dictated by the specifics of the interior of the room in terms of aesthetics and functionality. Such furniture is manufactured by kitchen furniture companies on a by-order basis.
Customised kitchens are made in small quantities. The kitchen is not manufactured until it is designed and all the details of the project are agreed with the customer. As a rule, manufacturers of custom kitchens work on the individual project of the customer, taking into account their wishes. In such companies, there are many handmade products, such as kitchen hood gantry, carved wood posts, cornices, capitals, carved decor elements, wooden frame doors (facades). These companies work with the latest functional equipment and have modern production technologies, and they offer the market new fashion trends. Manufacturing of custom-made kitchens takes 8-20 weeks.
It is suggested to perform the process of designing a kitchen using this approach following the algorithm.
1. Determining the social status and financial capabilities of the customer
First of all, there is a need to understand exactly who the designer is dealing with, what are the potential customers' financial capabilities in terms of space organization. The manager (designer, project manager) must ensure or adjust the balance of the financial capabilities of the customer with their "spiritual" aesthetic and technical needs.
The definition of the social status is determined by specific to a particular society characteristics, which may be economic, national, age and other characteristics. Social status is characterized by power or material capabilities, as well as specific skills, abilities or education.
Most sociologists choose a multidimensional approach, taking into account such characteristics as property, income, lifestyle, relations between people in the system of social division of labor, distribution relations, relations in consumption, human place in the hierarchy of political system, education, ethnicity, etc.
For modern society, the main status and financial opportunities are often associated with professional activities.
2. Pre-design analysis and definition of the general concept of the interior and furniture
At this stage, there is a need to define or create a technical task for the design of the kitchen. Creating a technical task can be performed while giving the customer questionnaires or in a personal conversation with them, perhaps even in the original sketch of the project. Determinants can be special wishes of the customer, a special object, the size of the room, the stylistic decision of the room, the size of the kitchen furniture, etc.
Establishing the composition of the family and the dynamics of family development will justify the basic furniture set for families of different demographics. Therefore, at the stage of pre-design research, the designer should carefully study the social and domestic processes that take place in the room in order to establish what a person wants from the organization of the interior and the place of the person in this interior.
3. Ergonomic analysis of the kitchen environment and determination of the basic functional zoning
Comfortable kitchen provides a rational multifunctional organization of the workplace. When placing the equipment, make sure that the distance is minimal, consistent with the sequence of the work process, and that there is enough free space for movement. The furniture should allow comfort during work, and the height of the working space should correspond the sizes of the body.
The modern interior of the living space is dominated by the principles of zoning, which also provides for the appropriate organization of connections in the space. The basis of zoning is the formation of certain conditional or clearly separated functional zones in the room, within which a person can relax, work, and eat. The following are considered functional zones: "Stocks", "Storage", "Washing area", "Food preparation area", "Cooking area". These functional areas are equipped with furniture for the appropriate purpose. There should be the following:
- the principles of interaction between certain groups of furniture should be taken into account;
- the size of furniture, aisles, as well as the spaces for movement of people and the area filled with furniture should be determined (according to the functionality);
- the optimum work and observation zones should be allocated.
Including functional groups into the kitchen creates opportunities to individualize the approach to planning and forming the interior.
4. Development of planning and compositional-spatial solution of the kitchen. Selection of electrical equipment
The convenience and comfort of the kitchen depend on how much the family processes, their cyclicity, duration, the required set of electrical equipment and facilities are taken into account in the design.
The main types of kitchens include the following:
- U-shaped kitchen;
- kitchen island;
- G-shaped kitchen;
- r-shaped kitchen;
- two-line kitchen;
- single-line kitchen.
Development of the planning solution occurs together with distribution of the functional zones created based on working processes in agreement with the "working triangle" law of activity.
5. Filling of the interior of the kitchen with objects and placement of the furniture. Determining the types of kitchen furniture.
The rational use of useful kitchen space must take into account individual needs. They depend on the size of the family and lifestyle, culinary preferences and regularity of purchases, etc. Having determined the size and location of the kitchen in the space of the room and having identified functional areas,it is necessary to calculate the size of these areas and the possible placement of additional ones.
Modern designs of cabinets (adapted to the functions of zones) for optimal use of space provide opportunities for more convenient work in the kitchen and allow using every inch of available space. All items needed for daily work in the kitchen are conveniently stored in their places. In large kitchens, additional areas can be planned not only along the wall, but also using the island. If the space is limited, it is possible to transfer additional storage areas to the mezzanine modules.
6. Aesthetic solution of interior and furniture design in general
Artistic furniture design is characterized by the unity of aesthetic and functional features. Useless beauty is nonsense. However, when evaluating the result, the first impression is created by the aesthetic, artistic side, so when creating new products, it is important to comply with modern aesthetic requirements. Furniture should be an organic part of the interior, follow a single architectural and artistic style, evoke joyful emotions. Any comfortable, aesthetically perfect and well- made furniture in a tidy room helps people in their work or leisure.
One of the important components in the formation of an art product is color, which helps to reduce visual fatigue, increase efficiency, create conditions for rest. In the artistic design of furniture, it is necessary to know the physiological and psychological effects of color, to take into account its aesthetic perception. Each element of design and decor should fit the interior as a whole.
7. Development of design elements and decor of kitchen furniture
The creation of perfect furniture depends on the skill and experience of the designer, their talent, which, in combination with the compositional techniques, tools and capabilities, can give the most effective result. In the process of designing a product, it is necessary to understand the general concept of the interior for the proper implementation and application of decorative elements. Keeping in mind the skeleton (structural basis) and the interior of the kitchen,it is possible to understand what shape, texture the facade, cornice, columns will have or what a tabletop will look like.
Ergonomic accessories in the kitchen affect the appearance and design of decorative elements. Folding or lifting facade, two or three drawers in the cabinet affect the presence and shape of furniture handles, facade, etc. The more carefully the project is executed, the higher its aesthetic indicators are. Functional design can be changed beyond recognition as a result of replacement of materials, type of finishing and decorative elements.
8. Identification of relevant building materials for the solution.
The use of new and innovative materials in the manufacturing of cabinet furniture is increasingly becoming a key criterion for assessing the quality of the furniture. The consumer demands ecological, reliable, individual and cheap products. The main materials in the production of kitchen furniture are used in the frame, facades and countertops. Characteristics of materials, qualitative and aesthetic gradation of basic materials and the proposed possibilities of combining materials used in the production of kitchen furniture, include the use of materials of economy, standard, luxury and premium type. The proposed concept of choosing the material of the kitchen allows the customer to make the choice as quickly and accurately as possible.
9. Determining the estimated value of materials and products of kitchen furniture
The price of the product includes manufacturing, installation, design services. Determining the price does not guarantee the possibility of returning to certain stages of design to reduce the cost of individual design elements, replace materials or reduce additional functional areas. The problem of economic requirements of the customer can be partially solved at the stage of design and production of furniture, so it is advisable to always keep in mind the production technology. Standardity, uniformity of elements, as well as collapsibility reduce additional costs. The reduction in cost can be achieved through rational study of the range of kitchen furniture, the choice of economical and durable materials, simplicity of construction and its elements, performance indicators (reliability and durability, maintainability).
The "from product to consumer" approach to the creation of individual design of kitchen furnitureis focused more on mass-production of kitchen furniture. In this case, the customer chooses the kitchen with the finished design, arranging the furniture per their needs only by means of changing color and functional arrangement of blocks and sections.
The color, shape, size, materials and decorative elements of kitchen furniture are becoming creative factors in the design of the kitchen interior in general. Using the block- section method of layout, the manufacturer reduces the time for functional design, and offering the customer ready-made options for the design of the kitchen furniture and decorative elements, the company speeds up the process of determining the price.
Manufacturers of mass-production (standard) kitchens offer a wide range of cabinets of different sizes designed to meet the needs of most consumers at an affordable price.
They usually offer the most popular designs of kitchen doors (facades) with a small color scheme range, and accessories with only few possibilities of change (partial extension mechanisms without tensioner). As companies make products in large quantities, they cannot stop their manufacturing for creation of special or individual units.
The biggest advantages of mass-produced kitchens are their availability, certain level of quality and consistency of orders. The cabinets and cabinets are stored in the warehouse, what is a great choice for a kitchen project with a limited budget or time.
The "from product to consumer" approach is based on the fragmentation of kitchens and their elements: manufactured kitchen sets; block modules; block sections; decor elements. Catalogs of furniture products of mass-produced kitchens reflect a wide range with many options for components and elements needed for building kitchens in rooms of different sizes. The introduction of this technique in production leads to an increase in the range of products (from large block modules to decor elements), reducing the total cost of labor over time and saving the materials.
The convenience of creating a kitchen from blocks of different sizes is obvious. Minimum products lead to maximum variety. This technique is more rational from the point of view of a low-income consumer as it can satisfy the demands of many people in a short period of time, but custom design is no less relevant in modern kitchen furniture.
Conclusions
Two main approaches to the design of kitchen cabinet furniture have been identified: "from consumer to product" and "from product to consumer". The first approach is related to the individual design of the furniture, in which certain wishes, requirements and ideas of the customer create an algorithm of work. These requirements can be caused by the specifics of the interior of the room in terms of aesthetics and functionality. Such furniture is manufactured by kitchen furniture companies on a by-order basis. Within the framework of this approach, a method of designing cabinet kitchen furniture in accordance with an individual interior solution has been developed.
The second approach is aimed at mass- produced kitchen furniture, which is more in line with large furniture industries, i.e., it is the manufacturer who selects the design, and the consumers adjust their desires to the offer of the company. Features of this approach to kitchen furniture design include the following: reducing the time for functional design, using a block-section layout;acceleration of the process of determining the price by offering ready-made options of kitchen and decorative elements design; increasing the range of products (from large block modules to decorative elements); reduction of total labor costs over time; saving materials; availability, set quality level and consistency of orders. This approach is more suitable for low-income customers.
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