Development trend of lage aircraft engine in the future

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National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute»

Development trend of lage aircraft engine in the future

Luo Zhicong Student

of Technology of aircraft manufacturing department

Maiorova Kateryna

PhD, Associate professor

of Technology of aircraft manufacturing department

Ukraine

Резюме

Тенденции развития крупногабаритных авиационных двигателей в будущем

Благодаря быстрому развитию мировой экономики и технологий двигателестроение достигло значительного прогресса в аэрокосмической области. Однако проблемы загрязнения окружающей среды и энергетического кризиса становятся все более серьезными. Разработка современных авиационных двигателей может способствовать повышению тяговооруженности, расхода топлива, стоимости срока службы, выбросов загрязняющих веществ, безопасности и надежности и т.д., снижению энергопотребления и стоимости полетов.

В данной статье кратко рассматриваются типы и характеристики современных перспективных авиационных двигателей, дается обзор их практического применения в различных областях авиации, а также рассматриваются направления развития авиационных двигателей будущего.

Ключевые слова: Авиационные двигатели; Перспективные; Направление развития

Summary

With the rapid development of the world economy and technology, engine technology has made a series of progress in the aerospace field. However, the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The development of advanced aircraft engines can contribute to thrust-to-weight ratio, fuel consumption rate, lifetime cost, pollutant emission, safety and reliability, etc., reducing energy consumption and reducing flight costs. This paper briefly introduces the types and performance of modern advanced aero-engines, summarizes their practical applications in various aviation fields, and looks forward to the development direction of future aircraft engines.

Keywords: Aircraft Engines; Advanced; Development Direction

Introduction

There are many types of aero-engines, and there are huge gaps in structure and performance between different types of engines.

Aero-engines can be divided into piston engines, turbojet/turbofan engines, turboshaft/turboprop engines, and turbo/ramjet combined power engines according to their types.

Among them, the advanced military fighter jets use small bypass ratio turbofan engines, which have now developed into the fifth generation. The representative models are the American F-22A and F-35 fighter jets, which are not only the two most advanced manned fighter jets in the world [1]. Flying a fighter jet, but also a star in the media world.

The power plant F-22A is equipped with two F119-PW-100 advanced technology afterburner turbofan engines, with a single static thrust of 105 kN and an afterburner thrust of 155.7 kN; large civilian aircraft use large bypass ratios One of the most important advantages of turbofan engines is low fuel consumption.

The representative models are Boeing 737-800, Airbus A380 and COMAC C919 [2-3].

The C919 passenger aircraft is equipped with 2 LEAP-1C aeroengines [4]. The thrust is between 12.5 tons and 13.4 tons, and the fuel consumption rate reaches 0.05 level; the large-scale military transport aircraft also uses a turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio, the representative model is the An-225 transport aircraft, powered by 6 engines, the largest take-off weight is 640 tons, the maximum payload weight is 250 tons, and great progress has also been made in terms of safety, reliability, service life and environmental protection characteristics; turboshaft engines for helicopters have been developed to the fourth generation; high-performance drone engines [5-6].

From the early piston engine to the turbofan engine, for example, the American "Global Hawk" high-altitude long-endurance UAV uses the AE3007H engine, the highest flight altitude is more than 19km, the airborne time is more than 30 hours, and the life of the engine is more than 10,000 hours [7]. In addition, there are a variety of aero-engines such as combined engines for aerospace aircraft, turboprop engines for some regional aircraft or special aircraft, and piston engines for sports aircraft, which have also achieved significant performance improvements [8-9].

Big push ratio

Using as little fuel as possible to make the lightest possible engine generate more power is the continuous development goal pursued by aero-engines, which requires the aero-engine to reduce weight as much as possible, improve work efficiency, and have a degree that is compatible with large thrust.

Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for large overall structures, complex structures, lightweight structures, high temperature resistant structures, and sealing structures.

At the same time, it promotes the development of engine structure. Variable-cycle turbofan engines are the representatives of new military aero-engines, while three- rotor engines, open-rotor engines, gear fan engines, etc. are new models developed to meet the needs of large thrust ratio and low fuel consumption.

The Airbus A380 aircraft is regarded by Airbus as its "flagship" product in the 21st century. It is a four-engine, 525-seat super-large double-decker passenger aircraft powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofan engines with a range of 14,800 kilometers.

The A380 equipped with the GP7200 (thrust range of 311 -340 kN) can save 500,000 liters of fuel per year compared to the same type of aircraft, and can use two engines for taxiing on the ground, and only use two thrust reversers and one set of low noise

The auxiliary power unit helps reduce noise. Taking thrust as the main force, combined with service conditions, installed probability and stability, some representative military engine models are selected as shown in Table 1:

Table 1

Fighter engine thrust top10

Fig. 1. F135-PW-100

There are three different variants of the F135 shown in Fig.1, the F135-PW-100 will serve as the power system for the F-35A Air Force version; the F135-PW-400 will serve as the power system for the F-35C Navy carrier version; and the F135-PW-600 will serve as the F-35C Navy carrier version. The power of the 35B Marine Short Takeoff/Vertical Landing variant.

Fig.2. AL-41

The AL-41 engine is a turbofan engine designed by Russia for new fighter jets shown in Fig.2.

Its early model AL-41F1A was developed from the AL-31F engine, which is the 117S type of the AL-31, and was used in the early prototype T-50 of the Su-35BM and PAK-FA.

And later real AL-41 F. The development of this engine is based on the AL-31 series developed for the Su-27 series. The maximum state thrust of AL- 4lF is about 12,000 kg (117.6 kN), and the afterburner thrust is generally not less than 17,857 kg (175 kN). cattle, the specific figures are 18,500 kg (181.3 kN) and 20,000 kg (196 kN).

Large airspace, extreme environmental adaptability

The emergence of modern new military aircraft, such as hypersonic aircraft, aerospace aircraft and other new aircraft, has put forward new requirements for aero-engines, which require aero-engines to work in harsher air environments, even in vacuum conditions, and also require achieve higher thrust.

Turbofan-ramjet and other combined engines, high-speed turbofan engines, sub-combustion/scramjet engines and other new engines have become emerging hot spots, and new types of ceramic matrix composite materials suitable for engines in high temperature and high-speed environments. Heat-resistant and high-temperature, lightweight materials and process technology have also become the focus of development.

Environmentally friendly development

No matter which field it is, the premise of its development must be energy saving and environmental protection, especially for aircraft engines, this goal should be more clear.

In the early 21st century, GE90, GP7200, PW4084 and other civil turbofan engines have made great improvements in many aspects of noise reduction, energy conservation and emission reduction. In order to further enhance the environmental protection requirements of future aircraft engines, the United States and EU countries have implemented Many technical explorations have been made, mainly to achieve the goals of reducing engine noise, energy saving and emission reduction.Develop a green engine that has the least negative impact on society and human health over its entire life cycle.

The specific methods focus on: First, emission reduction. NASA in the United States implemented the UEET program, and achieved good results in reducing NOx emissions by 20% to GE90 emissions and significantly reducing CO2 emissions. Second, reduce noise. UASA in the United States has launched an exploration of the UEET plan, and the key goal is to develop a low-noise fan technology with trailing edge blowing, and achieve the result that the noise is 10dB lower than that of the GE90 engine. It can be seen from the above research that environmental protection is essential in the development of the engine.

High security

High safety is the most critical indicator of civil aviation engines, which has a decisive impact on the safety of passengers. This indicator is also important for military engines. This requires that the various parts of the aero-engine have high reliability to maintain stable operation in the working environment. Even if individual parts fail, try to ensure the safety of the entire engine and avoid extreme phenomena such as fire, explosion, and fragmentation. appearance. The use of high- performance, high-strength, and high-stability manufacturing processes, materials and structures plays an important role in ensuring the safety of aero-engines.

Long life

Long life is an important feature of civil aero-engines to reduce costs, improve safety, and increase competitiveness. However, with the continuous increase in the cost of advanced military aero-engines, military aero-engines are also paying more and more attention to the need for long life.

Under the premise of not affecting the performance of the aero-engine, extending the service life of each component, reducing the number of replacements in the whole life cycle, and reducing maintenance costs are the concrete manifestations of the long life of the aeroengine, which requires the components in the engine to be In the design, material selection and manufacturing process, the concepts of structural integrity manufacturing and surface integrity manufacturing should be fully followed, especially the processing, assembly, maintenance and other process technologies based on the principle of long life should be given special attention. economy aerospace industry energy

Self-monitoring and self-adjusting

With the continuous development of multi-condition sensors and intelligent processing systems, advanced civil aero-engines are gradually developing towards remote monitoring and self-adjustment under all operating conditions, that is, the status and work of major components in the engine can be monitored at any time through a remote data center. When the engine is found to be abnormal, it can be reminded or notified remotely. The intelligent adjustment system in the engine can fine-tune the working state of the engine, and feedback the situation to the flight control system in time to further reduce the possibility of major engine accidents. This requires microstructure manufacturing technology to reach a higher level to meet the manufacturing needs of microsystems such as microsensors.

Conclusion

With the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, in the near future, an aircraft engine with three characteristics of economy, energy saving and environmental protection and minimizing the generation of harmful substances will be developed.

However, there are many difficulties encountered in the research field of science and technology. This must be through the joint efforts of professionals in various fields, and the relevant technologies must be continuously improved. Taking the actual situation as a starting point, we will develop an economical and environmentally friendly engine, which will be used in the domestic aerospace field. A good foundation has been laid for development.

References

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