Research of effective control of the electric drive of a pumping machine

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Research of effective control of the electric drive of a pumping machine

Rahimli I.N.

Associate professor

Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

(Baku, Azerbaijan)

Musayev R.R.

PhD student

Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

(Baku, Azerbaijan)

Abstract: in order to facilitate the operation of the adjustable alternating current electric drive of the beam pump it is necessary to install a control station which will provide automatic control of the depth pump unit of its kind. The control station is designed for the control, protection and smooth adjustment of the rotation frequency of the shaft of the alternating current electric motor (electric drive of the beam pump) depending on the operating characteristics of the technological equipment of the rod depth pump units and the parameters of the well. pumping machine electric drive

Keywords: pumping machine, electric drive, control station, alternating current, oil, converter.

The operation of the beam pump is characterized by a cycle time equal to one oscillation sequence and a load variation graph. As a result of the great unevenness of the load graph, the maximum and mean square value of the power increases, which leads to an increase in the installed power of the electric motor and deterioration of its energy performance. The main reason for the formation of a dynamic load is the vibration of the rod at the start of the up and down movement of the plunger and the frequent filling and emptying of the liquid column load. That is why the dynamogram of depth pump unit which is under static load conditions, is distorted under dynamic load conditions. At the end of the unloading period, at the end of the deformation in the downward movement, the presence of additional loads of a dynamic nature leads to a minimum reduction of the loads falling on the rods.

The main issue is the stabilization of oil extraction, optimization of the operating mode, increase of the maintenance period of the equipment of the rod depth pump units, to smooth the load graphs of electric drive of the beam pump, and thus, at the same time, to ensure a limitation of maximum load on the rods and its amplitude. This is carried out with the help of a special device, which is the same for all types of oil extraction machines and other oil extraction modes. To solve the problem, this device is in the form of a control, which provides both the power functions application of the feedback of the power functions on the rods, and the control of the transmitters in the frequency converter system of the engine load current and the movement of the working beam [1-3].

Figure 1 shows the construction of the control station in the form of a cabinet.

1. Heater control unit

2. Top panel

3. Converter

4. Fuse block

5. Switching reactor

6. Input block

7. Rubber seal

8. Automatic switch

9. Control unit

10. Mounting bracket

11. Socket

12. Bulb

13. Bulb

14. Heater

15. Clamps block

Fig. 1. General view of the control station

The power panel is located at the bottom of the control station:

1) Heater control unit - 1.

2) Automatic switch - 8.

3) Clamps block for connecting and controlling the external control circuit - 15.

4) The switch for connecting the station to the transformer substation - 16.

From the bottom of the cabinet, special rubber seals are placed for the supply cables of the control and power circuits. Socket - 11 is installed on the right side of the cabinet, which is for connecting the external load during repair. This case, i.e. connecting the external load, can be performed only after switching off the automatic switch - 8. A control unit BC - 9 with a converter is installed on the left side of the cabinet.

The following are placed on the upper side of the cabinet:

1) Control panel - 13, 14.

2) Fuse block - 4.

3) Switching reactor - 5.

4) Input block - 6.

A heater EPQ is placed on the door of the cabinet. The station can provide manual or automatic regulation and control of the rotation frequency of the electric motor shaft of the machine tool. In manual mode, the station provides starting and shutting down of the electric motor of the pumping machine, as well as regulation of the rotation speed of its shaft.

In automatic mode, the station provides the following:

1) Continuous operation of the pumping machine,

2) The software-supported operating mode of the pumping machine during periodic exploitation of the well,

3) Remote control of the machine tool by means of a signal from a control station with a telemechanical system [4-6].

In continuous operation of a pumping machine the station provides following:

- smooth start of the rotation speed of the machine wheel shaft in a given intensity range,

- self-starting of the electrical drive of the pumping machine with specified delays when voltage is restored after power outages.

In the programmatic work of the pumping machine the station provides the following:

- starting the electric motor of pumping machine after a given stop time,

- stopping the electric motor of pumping machine after a given working time,

- starting of the engine of the pumping machine during voltage restoring, after power outages and specified time.

In remote control, the station provides the following:

- giving the START signal to the electric motor of a pumping machine simultaneously with the activation of the alarm signal,

- turning off the electric motor of a pumping machine with the "STOP" signal,

- self-starting of the electrical drive of the pumping machine with specified delays when voltage is restored after power outages,

- adjustment of the rotation frequency of the electric motor shaft at the analog signal level [7-8].

In all modes, the station provides the following processes:

- power functions on rods, engine load current, pump efficiency and adjustment of rotation frequency of electric motor shaft in actuators,

- turning off the electric motor in emergency conditions (when the phase is lost, when the belt and rod are broken, when the pressure in the pipeline goes down or up, when the pump is at minimum transmission, when the network is at minimum voltage and the electric motor is fed, when the circuit is broken, the electric motor is turned off and frequency converter overheating),

- storing an emergency opening with a prohibition of re-opening without eliminating the emergency condition,

- determining the cause of the accident,

- visual observation of the control of steadystate modes of the pumping machine,

- generation of signals about the state of the pumping machine (Working, Stopped),

- connecting an outdoor unit with a power of 30 kW to an alternating current network with a voltage of 380 V,

- mechanical blocking for connecting an external device to an energized AC network,

- automatic control of heaters to maintain a set temperature inside the station of +5°C in winter conditions.

Conclusion

Research shows that the use of a control station, depending on the operating characteristics of the technological equipment of downhole pumping units and the parameters of the well, provides control, protection and smooth adjustment of the rotation speed of the AC motor shaft, and also provides the ability to automatically control the unit.

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