Mass media in Great Britain

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Mass media in Great Britain

Mass Media in Great Britain consist of several different types of communications media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Web sites. The Great Britain also has a strong music industry. The Great Britain has a diverse range of providers, the most prominent being principle public service broadcaster, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The BBC's competitors include ITV plc, which operates 11 of the 15 regional television broadcasters that make up the ITV Network. News Corporation, who operate a number of leader national newspapers through News International such as The Sun and The Times as well as holding a large stake in satellite broadcaster British Sky Broadcasting and various other media holdings. Regional media is covered by local radio, television and print newspapers. Trinity Mirror operate 240 local and regional newspapers in the GREAT BRITAIN, as well as national newspapers such as the Daily Mirror and the Sunday Mirror.

Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly to presenting and commenting on the news. Newspapers provide of an excelent means of keeping well informed on current event. They also play a vital role in shoping public opinion.

Newspapers have certain advantages over the other major news media television, radio, and newsmagazines. For example, newspapers can cover more newstand in much greater detail - than can television and radio newscasts. Newmagazines concentrate on the chief national and international events of the chief national and international events of the preceding week. But daily newspapers report local as well as national and international news-and on a day - to - day basis.

A large daily newspaper provides a great variety of information. News stories cover the latest developments in such fields as government, polities, sports, science, business, and the arts, other news stories report crimes, disasters, and special events of human interest.

Editorials and columns of opinion comment on controversial issues informative feature articles examine a wide range of subjects, including fashions, health, and child care comic strips, advise columns, and other entertainment items also appear regularly in most daily papers.

Their circulations range from af a few hundred copies per issue for some weeklies to more than a million copies for the largest dailies.

The total circulation of dailies papers in the united states exceds 60 million copies.

Producing a daily newspaper requires great speed and efficiency. reporters, editors and photographers work under the constant pressure of deadlines. A large daily also employ many other workers, including advertising salespeople, artists, librarians printing press operators, and truck drivers. The team if the papers are to reach homes and newsstands on schedule.

This production, describes the kinds organization articles and business operations of newspaper in the United States. It then discusses newspapers in other countries and traces the history of newspapers.

For information on major issues in United State journalism and on careers in journalism, see the article Journalism.

Kind of newspapers. Newspapers are printed on coarse called newsprint. There are two major sizes of newspapers standard and tabloid. A standard - sized newspaper has pages that measure about 15 beg 23 inches. The pages of a tabloid are about half that size. The standard and tabloid are both used in publishing all types of newspapers.

The three main kinds of papers are daily newspapers weekly newspapers and special - interest newspapers.

Daily newspapers print world, national, state, and local news.

They also carry editorials, opinion columns, feature articles, and entertainment items. Big - city daily print many stories on social and political issues such as the quality of schools and the efficiency of government.

The growth of suburbs has made suburban news imported. Some metropolitan papers there fore include a section of suburban news several times a week.

Many dailies are morning papers other are afternoon papers, and a few publish around the clock.

In large evening and the last one in the early morning. Similarly, many afternoon papers publish from early morning to late afternoon. Additional features and more advertising make Sunday newspaper much large than weekday editions.

Numerous Sunday papers have special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance, and travel.

In the United State most daily news papers chiefly serve a particular met reposition area or local region.

Many other countries, how ever, have newspapers wish a national circulation. In these countries, most governmental decisions are made on the national level. But in the United States, many political and locally.

Largely for that reason, the countries have few national newsapaper. Instead, it has many small papers that report local happenings. The problems of daily distribution throughout a country as vast as the United State also limits the growth of national newspapers. «In the United States», «the Christian», «Science Monitor «,» New York Times», «USA daily include «, «the Boston Globe «,» Chicago Tribune «, «Dallas Morning News», «Detrait News «, «Los Angeles Times «, «Miami Herald «, «New York Daily News», «Philadelphia in quire «, «St. Louse Past Dispatch «, and «Washington Past «.

Weekly newspapers, an, general, serve much smaller areas than daily papers and publish news of a more personal nature.

In small communities, most people know one other and take great interest in the actities of their friends and neighbors.

Wedding, births and deaths are major news items.

A fire or traffic accident gets front - page polities. Most weekly news papers do not carry state, national, or world news.

Special - interest newspapers print news of concert particular groups. Many business associations and lobar Unions publish newspapers for their members.

Newspaper printed in foreign languages serve foreign born residents in big cities. Some newspapers specialize imprinting news about blacks or Hispanics.

Many high schools and most colleges have a newspaper of their own. The staff of a newspaper.

The number of people needed to produce a newspaper varies greatly. The smallest weekly papers have only 1 to 3 workers, who do every thing from writing the news to selling ads, to running the press. Some large weeklies employ 10 to 30 people. The largest metropolitan dallies have 2,000 or more employers.

Staff of a large metropoliges daily is headed by the Publisher, who in some cases owns the paper. The staff of such a paper is divided into three main department:

(1) the editinial department

(2) the business department and

(3) the mechanical department.

The editorial department is responsible for the news and features that the paper prints. The head of the department is called the editor in chief must have although knowledge of all phases of newspaper work and know how to deal with people well. A managing editor helps the editor in chief direct the members of the editorial staff. Under the managing editor are assistant managing editors and news editors. Other editors have charge of news in certain areas. For example, most large daily have a city editor, and a foreign editor. The various sections, and editor. The various sections and departments of the papers such as the sports, arts and financial sections, also have an editor of their own. Each editor supervises a staff of reporters, writers, and other workers. Some editorials, such as the sports and financial editors, may write a daily column in addition to their supervitiory duties. the editot in chief directs a staff of editorial writers, as well as the news staff.

In many cases, the publisher helps guide these writers. For that reason, a newspapers editorials often express the views of the publisher. Metropolition daily also special columns to write columns of humor, advise, or general information.

Some workers set the type and others arrange the stories photographs and advertising to make up the pages. Still other workers produce the printing plates from which the newspaper is printed. The printing - press operators lock the plates on the presses and print the papers. mail room per soured assemble the papers and turn them over to the circulation department.

Gathering the news is the first step in the production of a newspaper. A paper gets the news it prints from two main sources: (1) It's own report and (2) newsservicies. Reporters use interviews research, and investigative techniques to gather information for their stories. They must have well - developed «newsjudgment «to sort out impartment stories from those with little public interest. A newspaper employs several kind of report. Many reports cover a specially called a beat. Some beat reporters are assigned to particular buildings inculding city hall, police headwuarters, and the criminal courts. Other beat reporters cover a particular subject such as science, education, or consumer affairs certain other reporters, called general asignment reports cover any story to which they are assigned or which they find on their own. A general assignment reporter may assist a beat reporter if too many stories break on a beat for one person to handle.

Television

Television, system of sending and receiving pictures and sound by means of electronic signals transmitted through wires and optical fibers or by electromagnetic radiation. These signals are usually broadcast from a central source, a television station, to reception devices such as television sets in homes or relay stations such as those used by cable television service providers. Television is the most widespread form of communication in the world. Though most people will never meet the leader of a country, travel to the moon, or participate in a war, they can observe these experiences through the images on their television.

Television has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common use of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers in their homes. Security personnel also use televisions to monitor buildings, manufacturing plants, and numerous public facilities. Public utility employees use television to monitor the condition of an underground sewer line, using a camera attached to a robot arm or remote-control vehicle. Doctors can probe the interior of a human body with a microscopic television camera without having to conduct major surgery on the patient. Educators use television to reach students throughout the world.

People in the United States have the most television sets per person of any country, with 835 sets per 1,000 people as of 2000. Canadians possessed 710 sets per 1,000 people during the same year. Japan, Germany, Denmark, and Finland follow North America in the number of sets per person.

Analogue terrestrial television in the Great Britain is made up of two chartered public broadcasting companies, the BBC and Channel 4 and two franchised commercial television companies, (ITV and Channel 5). There are five major nationwide television channels in the Great Britain: BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5-currently transmitted by analogue and digital terrestrial, free-to-air signals with the latter three channels funded by commercial advertising. The UK now has a large number of digital terrestrial channels including a further six from the BBC, five from ITV and three from Channel 4, and one from S4C which is solely in Welsh, among a variety of others. The vast majority of digital cable television services are provided by Virgin Media with satellite television available from Freesat or British Sky Broadcasting and free-to-air digital terrestrial television by Freeview. The entire UK will switch to digital by 2012.

The BBC operates several television channels both in the UK and abroad. The BBC's international television news service, BBC World News, is broadcast throughout the world. The domestic services of the BBC are funded by the television licence. The international television broadcast services are operated by BBC Worldwide on a commercial subscription basis over cable and satellite services. This commercial arm of the BBC also forms half of UKTV along with Virgin Media.

Channel 4 is similarly chartered to the BBC, with a remit to provide public service broadcasting and schools programs, however it runs commercial advertisements to provide a revenue stream. It produces a single analogue channel, currently branded as Channel 4.

The commercial operators rely on advertising for their revenue, and are run as commercial ventures, in contrast to the public service operators. The ITV franchise transmits the analogue channel known as ITV1 (in England, Wales, Scottish Borders, Isle of Man and Channel Islands), STV (In Central and Northern Scotland), and UTV in Northern Ireland. Channel 5 transmits one analogue channel.

All the major analogue broadcasters provide additional channels on the free-to-air Freeview digital television service, and all of these channels can be accessed via a cable or satellite provider, such as Virgin Media or BSkyB. The entire UK will switch to digital by 2012.

Internet

Internet, computer-based global information system. The Internet is composed of many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information and processing power. The Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to communicate with one another effectively and inexpensively. Unlike traditional broadcasting media, such as radio and television, the Internet does not have a centralized distribution system. Instead, an individual who has Internet access can communicate directly with anyone else on the Internet, post information for general consumption, retrieve information, use distant applications and services, or buy and sell products.

The Internet has brought new opportunities to government, business, and education. Governments use the Internet for internal communication, distribution of information, and automated tax processing. In addition to offering goods and services online to customers, businesses use the Internet to interact with other businesses. Many individuals use the Internet for communicating through electronic mail (e-mail), retrieving news, researching information, shopping, paying bills, banking, listening to music, watching movies, playing games, and even making telephone calls. Educational institutions use the Internet for research and to deliver online courses and course material to students.

Use of the Internet has grown tremendously since its inception. The Internet's success arises from its flexibility. Instead of restricting component networks to a particular manufacturer or particular type, Internet technology allows interconnection of any kind of computer network. No network is too large or too small, too fast or too slow to be interconnected. Thus, the Internet includes inexpensive networks that can only connect a few computers within a single room as well as expensive networks that can span a continent and connect thousands of computers. See Local Area Network.

Internet service providers (ISPs) provide Internet access to customers, usually for a monthly fee. A customer who subscribes to an ISP's service uses the ISP's network to access the Internet. Because ISPs offer their services to the general public, the networks they operate are known as public access networks. In the United States, as in many countries, ISPs are private companies; in countries where telephone service is a government-regulated monopoly, the government often controls ISPs.

An organization that has many computers usually owns and operates a private network, called an intranet, which connects all the computers within the organization. To provide Internet service, the organization connects its intranet to the Internet. Unlike public access networks, intranets are restricted to provide security. Only authorized computers at the organization can connect to the intranet, and the organization restricts communication between the intranet and the global Internet. The restrictions allow computers inside the organization to exchange information but keep the information confidential and protected from outsiders.

The Internet has doubled in size every 9 to 14 months since it began in the late 1970s. In 1981 only 213 computers were connected to the Internet. By 2000 the number had grown to more than 400 million. The current number of people who use the Internet can only be estimated. Some analysts said that the number of users was expected to top 1 billion by the end of 2005.

Newspapers are very important for us. We can take interesting, important and necessary information from the newspaper.

They play the most important role in our life. It can give us world's events, news and developing.

There are many different types of newspapers. Daily, national and regional. I like to read daily newspaper. I can inform about news whilst is happened today by this way.

media newspaper communication internet

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