What do we know about dyslexia?
Dyslexia only affects some skills and abilities, and is not linked to a person's general level of intelligence. Children of all intellectual abilities, from low to high intelligence, can be affected by dyslexia. Dyslexia can affect people differently.
| Рубрика | Медицина |
| Вид | реферат |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 22.10.2014 |
| Размер файла | 14,2 K |
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“What do we know about dyslexia?”
Done by : undergraduate student- Fatikhova V.
All people, in spite of all their dysfunctions and disorders, have full right to get education and be the competent specialist in different spheres of human activities. dyslexia children affect intelligence
As with other learning disabilities, dyslexia is a lifelong challenge that people are born with. This language processing disorder can hinder reading, writing, spelling and sometimes even speaking. Dyslexia is not a sign of poor intelligence or laziness. It is also not the result of impaired vision. Children and adults with dyslexia simply have a neurological disorder that causes their brains to process and interpret information differently.
Dyslexia occurs among people of all economic and ethnic backgrounds. Often more than one member of a family has dyslexia. According to the National Institute of Child and Human Development, as many as 15 percent of Americans have major troubles with reading.
Much of what happens in a classroom is based on reading and writing. So it's important to identify dyslexia as early as possible. Using alternate learning methods, people with dyslexia can achieve success.
Dyslexia only affects some skills and abilities, and is not linked to a person's general level of intelligence.
Children of all intellectual abilities, from low to high intelligence, can be affected by dyslexia.
Similarly, the difficulty a child with dyslexia has with reading and spelling is not determined by their intelligence, but by how severe their dyslexia is. Children with average intelligence and mild dyslexia are likely to be more skilled at reading and writing than children with high intelligence and more severe dyslexia.
Dyslexia is thought to be one of the most common learning difficulties. It's estimated that up to 1 in every 10 people in the UK has a certain degree of dyslexia.
Dyslexia has even been shown to affect languages based on symbols rather than letters, such as Cantonese.
However, a person's native language can play an important role in the condition. For example, dyslexia is less problematic in languages with consistent rules around pronunciation, such as Italian and Spanish.
Languages such as English, where there is often no clear connection between the written form and sound (for example, words such as "cough"and "dough"), can be more challenging for a person with dyslexia.
The exact cause of dyslexia is unknown, but it's seen more commonly in families.
Six genes have been identified that may be responsible for the condition, four of which affect the way the brain is formed during early life. Specialist brain scans (functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans) also show there is reduced function of one area towards the back of the brain, called the occipito-temporal cortex.
It can be difficult to diagnose dyslexia in young children as the signs are not always obvious. If you think your child has dyslexia, the first step is to speak to their teacher or the school's special needs coordinator.
Identifying your child's strengths (such as picture puzzles or maths) as well as their difficulties can be helpful. Many schools identify children who are having difficulty learning in particular areas and offer additional support.
If your child does not make progress when offered this support, the school may request a more in-depth assessment from either a specialist teacher or educational psychologist. It is also possible to request private assessments, either directly from an educational psychologist or through voluntary organisations such asDyslexia Action.
Dyslexia can affect people differently. This depends, in part, upon the severity of the learning disability and the success of alternate learning methods. Some with dyslexia can have trouble with reading and spelling, while others struggle to write, or to tell left from right. Some children show few signs of difficulty with early reading and writing. But later on, they may have trouble with complex language skills, such as grammar, reading comprehension and more in-depth writing.
Dyslexia can also make it difficult for people to express themselves clearly. It can be hard for them to use vocabulary and to structure their thoughts during conversation. Others struggle to understand when people speak to them. This isn't due to hearing problems. Instead, it's from trouble processing verbal information. It becomes even harder with abstract thoughts and non-literal language, such as jokes and proverbs.
All of these effects can have a big impact on a person's self-image. Without help, children often get frustrated with learning. The stress of dealing with schoolwork often makes children with dyslexia lose the motivation to continue and overcome the hurdles they face.
The following are common signs of dyslexia in people of different ages. If you or someone you know displays these signs, it doesn't necessarily mean you have a learning disability. But if troubles continue over time, consider testing for dyslexia.
Dyslexia: Warning signs by age
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Young Children Trouble With: · Recognizing letters, matching letters to sounds and blending sounds into speech · Pronouncing words, for example saying “mawn lower” instead of “lawn mower” · Learning and correctly using new vocabulary words · Learning the alphabet, numbers, and days of the week or similar common word sequences · Rhyming |
School-Age Children Trouble With: · Mastering the rules of spelling · Remembering facts and numbers · Handwriting or with gripping a pencil · Learning and understanding new skills; instead, relying heavily on memorization · Reading and spelling, such as reversing letters (d, b) or moving letters around (left, felt) · Following a sequence of directions · Trouble with word problems in math |
Teenagers and Adults Trouble With: · Reading at the expected level · Understanding non-literal language, such as idioms, jokes, or proverbs · Reading aloud · Organizing and managing time · Trouble summarizing a story · Learning a foreign language · Memorizing |
This article is devoted to obtaining knowledge by children with certain abilities or disabilities (thus dyslexia is a phenomenon which has been ranked neither as the gift nor as deviation, and it remains something average).
As mentioned above, dyslexia is quite common in the West and European countries. Thus, the question arises -is it the phenomenon only of those countries? Of course not.
As an example we'll take our region, Uzbekistan. It's known that the concept of dyslexia appeared not long ago, so the problem hasn't been practically disclosed. Therefore, its development is sharp relevant in our time, in our country.
In my opinion, this question should be deeply studied and special methods for transmitting certain knowledge and skills to children with dyslexia should be developed.
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