Selection of approaches to logistic risk estimate by subjects of pharmaceutical industry

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pharmaceutical industry logistic management

Selection of approaches to logistic risk estimate by subjects of pharmaceutical industry

R. V. Sahaidak-Nikitiuk, Doctor of Pharmacy, associate professor National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov

Subjects of pharmaceutical industry usually function in the conditions of uncertainty and dynamic environment. Pharmaceutical industry is characterized by logistics risks with specific properties of drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients and active substances.

Logistic risk in the pharmaceutical industry is an event that results in losses of SPI or makes the possibility of an adverse situationor irrelevant results which related to traffic flows within the pharmaceutical logistic chain when changing external and internal factors.

The availability of a large number of logistic risks makes it necessary to reduce risk of SPI logistic activity, and, consequently, to develop risk management mechanism. The algorithm of logistic risk management of SPI includes seven steps. In the first stage the analysis of SPI logistic operations is conducted, in the second stage there are analyzed their logistic risks and causes, on the basis of which is formed sampling data that characterize logistic activity results of SPI. In the third stage, there is quantitative andquality estimation of the logistic risks which were identified in the previous step. At the fourth level there is the analysis of internal and external factors and their on a logistic risk. Based on the previous analysis the scenarios of development of situation are developed in relation to the threat of origin of certain logistic risk and the methods of estimation of logistic risks are elected. The sixth stage is estimated logistic risk. Based on the previous analysis the necessity of calculation of integral logistic risk is reasonable.

Keywords: logistic risk, logistics, subjects of pharmaceutical industry, logistic risks management, minimization of logistic risks.

Introduction

Subjects of pharmaceutical industry (SPI) usually function in the conditions of uncertainty and dynamic environment. The important principle of theiractivity is high reliability, providing stability, flexibility and adaptation to changing operating conditions.

Analysis of the latest research. Unlike other economic sectors pharmaceutical industry is characterized by logistics risks with specific properties of drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and active substances (for example, terms and conditions of storage and transportation, high probability of deterioration, processing and storage of goods, etc). Thus, according to the WHO about 25% of medical immunobiological preparations (MIP) are delivered to the consumer in the form of spoiled kind as a result of failure to observe of temperature condition in the process of their storage and transporting [2]. The research purpose is substation of logistic risk significance that influence on quality of drugs, and development mechanisms of their minimization.

The research results were based on the use of methods of expert estimation, techniques ascent from general to specific, intercommunication of quality and quantitative descriptions. Experts were various specialists from different profiles and enterprises of pharmaceutical industry.

The research purpose is substation of logistic risk significance that influence on quality of drugs, and development mechanisms of their minimization.

Results and their discussion. The survey results defined that the share of logistics risks include a significant percent of the total value risk of SPI (15%) (Fig. 1).

Research of different scientific views allowed to define that logistical risk in the pharmaceutical industry is an event that results in losses of SPI or makes the possibility of an adverse situation or irrelevant results which related to traffic flows within the pharmaceutical logistic chain when changing external and internal factors [1, р. 280; 3, р. 364; 4, р. 10; 5, р. 172; 6, р. 12; 7, р. 15]. Sources of logistics risks in the pharmaceutical industry are carriers, suppliers of substances, storage of drugs, intermediaries andpharmaceutical manufacturers (Fig. 2).

Fig. 1. Assessment of SPI risk weighting

Fig. 2. The main sources of risk in the pharmaceutical logistics chain

According to the results of expert assessment of the validity of logistics risk in management of flow processes on pharmaceutical enterprises, the most significant risksare risks which arise on the stage of transportation and warehousing (Fig. 3). It is related to probability of spoilage of material resources and loss them quality descriptions and, consequently, of profit of SPI.

Considerable part of logistic risk determines that 91.5% of respondents consider logistic risks the important questions for pharmaceutical industry.

Fig. 3. Assessment of SPI risk weighting in management of material pharmacy

89% of respondents identify a significant influence of the logistic risks in the performance on efficiency of SPI and approximately 85% of respondents - the need forimplementation of logistic risk system for SPI activity.

The availability of a large number of logistic risks makes it necessary to reduce risk of SPI logistic activity, and, consequently, to develop risk management mechanism [7, р. 18; 8, р. 15; 9, р. 449; 10, р. 51; 11, р. 195; 12, р. 278; 13]. The algorithm of logistic risk management of SPI is shown in Fig. 4. In the first stage the analysis of SPI logistic operations is conducted, in the second stage there are analyzed their logistic risks and causes, on the basis of which is formed sampling data that characterize logistic activity results of SPI. In the third stage, there is quantitative and quality estimation of the logistic risks which were identified in the previous step.

At the fourth level there is the analysis of internal and external factors and their on a logistic risk. Тhe scenarios of development of situation are developed in relation to the threat of origin of certain logistic risk and the methods of estimation of logistic risks are elected. The sixth stage is estimated logistic risk. Based on the previous analysis the necessity of calculation of integral logistic risk is reasonable. The structure of an integrated logistic risk index include risk of material management; risk management of financial flows; risk information management; transportation risks; environmental risks. Complex indexes for each type of risk should be calculated using taxonomic analysis. Calculation results of the logistic risk components for the pharmaceutical company A (for confidentiality) are given in Table 1.

Table 1. The calculation results of complex logistic risk

On the seventh stage measures are developed on minimization or prevention of logistic risk, and then the economic effect is estimated of the introduction of drug management system and SPI logistic costs are analyzed which associated with the implementation of this system. The complex security measures of specific pharmaceutical industry are given in Table 2.

Table 2. Directions of minimization of logistic risks in pharmaceutical industry

Fig. 4 Algorithm of SPI logistic risks

Conclusions

1 The actuality of SPI logistic risk management is investigated.

2 The definition of SPI logistic risk is offered.

3 The sources of risk in the pharmaceutical logistic chain are investigated, SPI risk and the significance of material management risks in pharmacy are estimated.

4 The algorithm of SPI logistic risks is offered.

List of references

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References

1. Enchenko, E.V. (2006), “Metodi robasnoy optimizazii w modeluvaniya sistemnich riskov w logistike”, Modeluvaniay ta informazini sistemi w economike, vol. 74, pp. 280-292.

2. Оficiniy sajt Міnіsterstva ohoroni zdorovia Ukraini (2014), available at: http://www.moz.gov.ua (Accessed 10 Dec. 2014)

3. Posilkina, О.V., Sahaidak-Nikitiuk, R.V., Gorbunova, O.U. (2011), Logistichnij menegment farmacevticheskogo pidpriemstva [Logistics Management Pharmaceutical Company], KhNEU, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

4. Sahaidak-Nikitiuk, R.V. and Posilkina, О.V. (2010), “Konceptualni pidchodi do upravlenia logistichnimi risikami w skladnih bagatopotokovix sistemax w umowax farmacewticheskoj galuzi”, Ukrainskij jurnal klinicheskoj ta laboratornoj medizini, vol. 1, pp. 8-12.

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6. APICS Dictionary (2008); 8nd ed, American Production and Inventory Control Society, Chicago, USA.

7. Arvis, J.-F., Mustra, M.A., Ojala L., et al. (2013), Connecting to Compete 2012 - Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, The World Bank, Washington, USA.

8. Kajuter, P. (2007), “Risikomanagement in der Supply Chain: Okonomische, regulatorische und konzeptionelle Grundlagen”, Еkonomische, regulatorische und konzeptionelle Grundlagen, no. 1, pp. 13-17.

9. Kersten, W., Schroder, M., Singer, C.et al. (2012), “Motivation for the outsourcing of complex logistics services”, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conf. «Nordics Logistics Research Network», Finland, pp. 443-457.

10. Kersten, W., Schroder, M., Singer, C. et al. (2012), “Risk management in logistics. Empirical Results from the Baltic Sea Region from 2010 until 2012”, Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Business Logistics and General Management, Hamburg, Germany.

11. Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J.T. (2008), “Global supply chain risk management strategies”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, no. 38 (3), pp. 192-223.

12. Tuzkaya, U.R. (2009), “Evaluating the environmental effects of transportation modes using an integrated methodology and 112 an application”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, no. 6 (2), pp. 277-290.

13. Wyman, O. (2011), “All rights reserved Factoring «Risk» into Transportation and Logistics Sourcing”, [Online], available at:http://www.oliverwyman.com/content/dam/oliver-wyman/global/en/files/archive /2011/OW_MTE_2009_ShipperSourcing.pdf

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