Enzyme immunoassay for estimation of S100 protein in blood serum as a method of early diagnosis and efficiency assessment of multiple sclerosis pathogenetic therapy

Acquaintance with the main causes of the incidence of multiple sclerosis, consideration of diagnostic methods. Multiple sclerosis as a chronic progressive disease by the central nervous system, which primarily affects people of young and middle age.

Рубрика Медицина
Вид статья
Язык английский
Дата добавления 17.04.2018
Размер файла 59,3 K

Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже

Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Enzyme immunoassay for estimation of S100 protein in blood serum as a method of early diagnosis and efficiency assessment of multiple sclerosis pathogenetic therapy

The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that primarily affects people between the ages of 18 and 55, has been steadily increasing all over the world. MS is associated with a progressive increase of neurological deficit and is one of the main causes of disability. It sometimes takes a few months or even years to diagnose MS as the demyelination process has to spread in space and time (the 2005-2010 McDonald Criteria). Therefore, it is of importance to make the diagnosis at the early symptoms of the disease, because the earlier pathogenetic therapy results in less evident disability processes in MS patients.

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease of the CNS that primarily affects young and middle-aged people [5]. The incidence of MS has been steadily increasing over the past decade and becoming an important social problem both for the medical community and society in general, as it is one of the main causes of disability.

The aim of our study was to determine the link between the parameters of the neuroglial astrocyte-specific protein S-100 and the severity of disability depending on the duration of the disease and the type of the basic therapy.

Material and methods

Venous blood samples (5ml) were obtained from the patients on an empty stomach by venipuncture of the cubital vein and centrifuged immediately at 10,000 rpm for 10 min (laboratory centrifuge ПЭ-6900). Then the serum samples were collected into sterile test tubes and delivered to the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Tver Regional Clinical Hospital. The parameters of S-100 protein were determined using the enzyme immunoassay kit for estimation of the S-100 calcium-binding protein (“Geropharm”, Russia). The data were collected and organized in the table.

The data collected were analyzed with the “Statistica 6.0” program. The Pearson correlation coefficient significance was assessed with the subprogram “PearsonCorrelationSignificance”.

Results and discussion

We screened a total of 120 randomly selected patients with confirmed MS. 40 of the patients had the early symptoms (onset) of the disease, 40 had been suffering from MS for 1-5 years, another 40 - for more than 5 years. The results of the investigation and analysis of the data received are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. S-100 mean values and duration of MS.

multiple sclerosis chronic

NB: differences between the mean values are statistically significant (variance analysis, p=0.002, Dunnett's test showed all differences as statistically significant).

Therefore, it has been revealed that patients during the onset and the first 5 years of the disease see an increase in the neurospecific protein S100, which can be an indicator of the severity of the damage to the cerebral tissue and a predictor of an unfavourable outcome as a method of MS early diagnosis. As seen from Table 1, the longer diagnosis of MS and more progressive neurological deficit are associated with a decreased level of the S100 protein, which may be linked to the autocrine effect on the astrocytes, stimulating their regeneration, having a trophic effect on the developing and regenerating neurons.

We have also investigated the dependence of the S100 protein in MS patients on the type of disease modifying therapies (DMTs). From the sample, we selected 90 patients with the MS diagnosis of 1 year and longer who received an immunomodulatory therapy: 30 of them took glatiramer acetate, 30 - interferon в-1b and another 30 - interferon в-1a (See Table 2).

Table 2. Dependence of the S100 protein level on the type of DMT

NB: differences between the mean values are statistically significant (variance analysis, p=0.002, Dunnett's test showed statistically significant differences between the Interferon в-1b group and the other groups. The difference between the Glatiramer acetate group and the Interferon в-1a group was not statistically significant.).

As seen from Table 2, the patients in the Glatiramer acetate group had a low level of S100 protein in the blood serum (mean value -- 0.309 mkg/k). In the Interferon в-1a group the mean value of S100 protein was 0.377 mkg/l, in the Interferon в-1b group it was 0.493 mkg/l.

The low level of the neurospecific indicator of the brain lesion in patients taking glatiramer acetate can be associated with the structure of the drug being a random polymer composed of four amino acids. Given its resemblance to myelin basic protein, glatiramer acetate diverts an autoimmune response against myelin.

The higher level of the S100 protein in patients taking interferons can be related to the fact that the drugs of this group are a “copy” of interferon в which is the natural protein component produced in the human body. The therapeutic effect of this drug is achieved due to the enhanced immune cell response. As a result, the immune system attacks the nerve cells, which probably leads to the elevated rate of S-100 protein the blood serum as a reaction to the immune cell response.

In the studied cohort, we observed increased levels of S-100 protein in the patients with early symptoms of MS and those suffering from MS for 1-5 years. It can be associated with the severity of the cerebral tissue lesion, expression of the demyelination process and early stage of MS. The longer diagnosis of MS and more progressive neurological deficit (see Table 2) are associated with decreased levels of S-100, which can be related to the processes of neurodegeneration in the CNS after 5 years of the disease. The parameters of the neurospecific protein S-100 depend on the DMT received by the patients. The higher levels of the protein have been revealed in patients taking interferon в, while the lower levels have been revealed in those taking glatiramer acetate which may be linked to different components of the drugs and therefore different pathogenetic effects of the therapies.

Conclusions

As a result of the investigation we have come to the conclusion that the level of the S-100 protein is significantly higher during the onset of the disease as compared to the period of 1 year and longer. That is why this method can be used for early diagnosis of MS. We have also received data on parameters of the neuroglial astrocytic protein in patients receiving different DMTs which can be used for assessment of pathogenetic therapy received by MS patients.

References

1. Alifirova V.M., Titova M.A., Vereshchaka A.A. Otsenka effektivnosti kopaksona u bolnyh s remitiruyushchim tipom techeniya rasseyannogo skleroza. Bulleten' sibirskoy meditsina, №4, 2010, c. 19-22

2. Boiko A.N., Smirnova N.F., Zolotova C.N., Gusev E.I. Epidemiologiya i etiologia rassseyannogo skleroza / Konsilium Medikum 2008, №10, c. 24-28.

3. Zavalishina I.A., Golovkina V.I. Rasseyanny skleroz. Izbrannye voprosy teorii I practiki. Moskva, 2000, 639 c.

4. Ryabuhina O.V., Bulatova E.V., Malkova N.A. Materialy VI Sibirskoy mezhregionalnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Rasseyany skleroz I drugiye autoimmunnye zabolevaniya nervnoy sistemy” “Modifitsiruyushchaya terapiya i kachestvo zhizni u bolnyh rasseyannym sklerozom”, Novosibirsk, 2011.

5. Sorokina K.B., Kashehlebov K.Y., Chichanovskaya L.V., Bahareva O.N., Men'shikova T.V. Rasprostranennost' rasseyannogo skleroza v Tverskoi oblasti. Vestnik RGMU. Periodicheskoye meditsinskoye izdaniye. - M., 2013, Spetsialny vypusk №1, 113-114.

6. Sorokina K.B., Chichanovskaya L.V., Bahareva O.N. Kliniko-epidemiologicheskiye i neiroimmunologicheskiye osobennosti techeniya rasseyannogo skleroza v Tverskoy oblasti / Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii b neirohirurgii. 2015, №3.

7. Habirov F.A., Babicheva N.N., Haibullin T.I. Kliniko-epidemiologicheskiye harakteristiki rasseyannogo skleroza v Respublike Tatarstan / Nevrologicheskiy vestnik. -- 2010. - T.22, vyp. 1. C. 9-13.

8. Shmidt T.E. Rannyaya diagnostic rasseyannogo skleroza. RMJ №5(369) - 2010. Tom 18. C. 3-6.

9. Audoin B., Davies G.R., Finisku L., Chard D.T. et al. Localization of grey matter atrophy in early RRMS: a longitudinal study // J Neurol. - 2006. - vol. 253 (11) - 1495-1501.

10. Audoin B., Ranjeva J.P., Au Duong M.V. et al. / Voxel-based analysis of MTR images: a method to locate gray matter abnormalities in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis// J Magn Reson Imaging. - 2004. - vol. 20 (5) - p. 765-771.

Размещено на Allbest.ru

...

Подобные документы

  • Areas with significant numbers of malaria cases: Africa, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, South America, Central America and parts of the Caribbean. Etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of the disease, methods of treatment and antimalarial immunity.

    презентация [286,9 K], добавлен 02.10.2012

  • The major pathogens and symptoms of cholera - an acute intestinal anthroponotic infection caused by bacteria of the species Vibrio cholerae. Methods of diagnosis and clinical features of disease. Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of disease.

    презентация [1,0 M], добавлен 22.09.2014

  • The concept and the main causes of atherosclerosis, primary symptom. The mechanisms of atherosclerosis, main causes The symptoms and consequences, prevention. Atherosclerosis treatments. Basic approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

    презентация [813,1 K], добавлен 21.11.2013

  • Anatomical and physiological concepts about the structure and functions of the peripheral nervous system. Role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of the internal organs of the organism. The structure of the cranial and spinal nerves PNS.

    презентация [326,9 K], добавлен 21.05.2014

  • The etiology of bronchitis is an inflammation or swelling of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air passages between the nose and the lungs. Signs and symptoms for both acute and chronic bronchitis. Tests and diagnosis, treatment and prevention disease.

    презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 18.11.2015

  • Anatomy of the liver. Botkin’s disease is a viral disease that destroys the liver and bile ducts. Causes and treatment of the disease. Vaccinations and personal hygiene are the main means of prevention. Signs and symptoms of the Botkin’s disease.

    презентация [3,5 M], добавлен 22.04.2013

  • Structure of a clinical term. The suffixes and prefixes. The final combining forms partaining to diagnostic methods, therapy, pathology, surgical interventions. Pharmaceutical term structure. The forms of medicines. Chemical, botanical terminology.

    методичка [458,1 K], добавлен 29.03.2012

  • Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia. Symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of this disease.

    презентация [279,8 K], добавлен 12.11.2013

  • Coma - a life-threatening condition characterized by loss of consciousness, the lack of response to stimuli. Its classification, mechanism of development and symptoms. Types of supratentorial and subtentorial brain displacement. Diagnosis of the disease.

    презентация [1,4 M], добавлен 24.03.2015

  • Concept and characteristics of focal pneumonia, her clinical picture and background. The approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, used drugs and techniques. Recent advances in the study of focal pneumonia. The forecast for recovery.

    презентация [1,5 M], добавлен 10.11.2015

  • The complement system - part of the immune system as a set of complex proteins. History of the concept. Its biological functions, regulation, role in diseases. Stages of activation: the alternative and lectin pathway. Mannose-binding Lectin deficiency.

    презентация [932,7 K], добавлен 17.03.2017

  • Tachycardia is a heart rate that exceeds the normal range. Symptoms and treatment methods of tachycardia. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to classify the type of tachycardia. It's important to get a prompt, accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

    презентация [596,2 K], добавлен 20.11.2014

  • Features of the structure and anatomy of the heart, it's main functions and tasks in the body. Changes taking place in the human heart in the course of his life from birth to aging. Age-related disorders in the blood supply system and the heart.

    презентация [725,8 K], добавлен 16.10.2016

  • Infectious hepatitis - a widespread acute contagious disease. Botkin’s Disease is a viral disease that destroys the liver and bile ducts. Anatomy of the liver. The value of the liver to the body. Causes and signs of the disease. Treatment and prevention.

    презентация [4,0 M], добавлен 24.04.2014

  • Analysis of factors affecting the health and human disease. Determination of the risk factors for health (Genetic Factors, State of the Environment, Medical care, living conditions). A healthy lifestyle is seen as the basis for disease prevention.

    презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 24.05.2012

  • Body Water Compartments. The main general physico-chemical laws. Disorders of water and electrolyte balance. Methods bodies of water in the body, and clinical manifestations. Planning and implementation of treatment fluid and electrolyte disorders.

    презентация [1,1 M], добавлен 11.09.2014

  • Study of method of determining the amount of osteocyte lacunar and estimation of specific numerical closeness of lacunes by a three-dimensional impartial expecting method at the analysis of anisotropy of types of the vascular ductings of human bone.

    реферат [8,6 K], добавлен 01.12.2010

  • Causes of ischemic stroke. Assessment of individual risk for cardiovascular disease in humans. The development in patients of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Treatment in a modern hospital disorders biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis.

    статья [14,8 K], добавлен 18.04.2015

  • Ulcer - is a defect of gastric or duodenal mucosa which interfere over lamina muscularis mucosae, submucosa. Pathogenesis of the disease, its provocative factors. Classification and types of ulcers. Symptoms of gastric ulcer disease, complications.

    презентация [1,9 M], добавлен 16.04.2014

  • Agranulocytosis - pathologic condition, which is characterized by a greatly decreased number of circulating neutrophils. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease. Hereditary disease due to genetic mutations. Signs and symptoms, treatment.

    презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 25.02.2014

Работы в архивах красиво оформлены согласно требованиям ВУЗов и содержат рисунки, диаграммы, формулы и т.д.
PPT, PPTX и PDF-файлы представлены только в архивах.
Рекомендуем скачать работу.