Morphological and anatomical features of the Agrimonia Asiatica Herb
Pharmacognostic study of the Aspirin Arymonium, which is a poorly studied species of the Rosaceae family growing on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Morphological and anatomical structure of the leaves and stems of grass of Asian agrarians.
| Рубрика | Медицина |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 23.05.2018 |
| Размер файла | 1,8 M |
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Morphological and anatomical features of the Agrimonia Asiatica Herb
Introduction
aspirin arymonium pharmacognostic
The Asian agrimony (Figure 1) is a perennial herbaceous plant reaching a height up to 140 cm, the stem is erect. It grows on the slopes of mountains, near irrigation ditches, in gardens, along roads, along the edges of birch forests, in walnut forests. Blooms in June - July [1].
The Asian agrimony has long been used in folk medicine as a choleretic, gastric, diuretic, hemostatic and blood cleanser agent. All of the foregoing testifies to the prospects of the research of the Asian agrimony for its further use in official medicine. The pharmacopoeial identification of Agrimony herba is based on the morphological evaluation, examination of powdered plant material under the microscope and on the TLC assay. In the TLC analysis, Pharmacopoeia requires isoquercitroside and rutin as standards. As a positive result, the presence of isoquercitroside, hyperoside and rutin should be confirmed [2].
Figure 1. Agrimonia asiatica
The purpose of this work is morphological and anatomical study of the herb Agrimonia asiatica and identification it's diagnostic features.
Materials and methods. As an object of research various morphological parts: leaves and stem of the plant were used. To study the morphological and anatomical structure of the leaves and stems the raw materials of the Agrimonia asiatica harvested in May-June 2016 in the Baidibek district of the South Kazakhstan region were used. Macroscopic studies were carried out by using the methodology from SPh of the RK.
External signs of raw materials were studied in daylight on dry medicinal plant raw materials, laying it on a special board, carefully examined in different positions with the naked eye and under a magnifying glass with a tenfold increase. The dimensions were determined on a dry basis using a ruler. For objectivity performed 10 measurements, then the calculated average value. The color was set on dry raw materials and in daylight. Smell was noted for dry raw materials when rubbing the leaves between the fingers. The taste was determined by chewing dry raw materials [2]. Microscopic anatomo-diagnostic features determined by methods and SPh of the RK and SPh of USSR XI [4,5]. The objects were studied using a laboratory trinocular microscope with 4x0.10,10x0.25, 40xR / 0.65 objectives.
Results and discussion. Macroscopy. The stem of the Agrimonia asiatica is erect, densely pubescent with a expressed furrow up to 80 cm high. The leaves are unidentifiable pinnately complex, the leaves are elliptical with a coarse-toothed margin.
Top of the leaves are green, from below grayish-green, intermittent-pinnate, from below slightly emanating from below velvety-pubescent with an admixture of small glands. The length of the leaves is up to 5 cm, width is up to 3 cm. The venation is pinnately-marginal (Figure 2 a, b). The smell is slightly fragrant. The taste is bitterish.
Inflorescence spicate. Bracts of three separate, with sharp lobes, has 5 petals. Flowers on short pedicels 10 mm in diameter. Petals are dark yellow, elliptical. The smell is slightly aromatic, the taste is bitterish.
Figure 2. a) The aerial and underground parts of the Agrimonia asiatica; b) the leaf of Agrimonia asiatica
Microscopy. Epidermal cells on the upper side of the leaf are strongly sinuous, the lower cells of the epidermis are straight-walled (Figures 3, 6), stomata present on both sides of the leaf (Figures 4, 7). The stomata are large, oval in shape, with a sharply outlined stomatal slit, surrounded by 3 cells of the epidermis, one of which is noticeably smaller than the other (anemocytous type). Hairs are simple in the form of unicellular outgrowths (Figure 5).
The surface of the hairs is warty. Essential oil glands with pigmented contents are located on both sides of the leaf in the depressions of the epidermis. The glands are colorless, roundish, uniform in size, consisting of 3-5 weakly differentiated excretory cells (Figure 8).
In a cross section of the stem is visible single row epidermis, consisting of small cells, and vascular bundles. The core consists of a loosely-spaced, rounded parenchymal cells (Figures 9, 10).
Conclusion
The study revealed the features of the anatomical and morphological structure of leaves and stems of Agrimonia asiatica growing in the South Kazakhstan region. The present study has shown next results:
1. Leaves are unpaired pinnately complex, elliptical leaves with coarse-toothed margin
2. Stomata large, oval in shape, with sharply outlined stomatal slit, surrounded by 3 cells of the epidermis, one of which is noticeably smaller than the others
3. On the cross section of the stem is presented one-row epidermis, consisting of small cells and conducting bundles.
4. The core consists of loose, rounded parenchyma cells.
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