Ambulatory reflux monitoring for diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Update of the Porto consensus and recommendations from an international consensus group
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease as a condition which develops when the reflux of gastric content causes troublesome symptoms or complications. Grading of recommendations assessment and evaluation system for the quality of evidence for guidelines.
Рубрика | Медицина |
Вид | автореферат |
Язык | английский |
Дата добавления | 22.02.2020 |
Размер файла | 387,1 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
47. Ribolsi M, Savarino E, De Bortoli N, et al. Reflux pattern and role of impedance-pH variables in predicting PPI response in patients with suspected GERD-related chronic cough. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40:966-973.
48. Hemmink GJ, Ten Cate L, Bredenoord AJ, Timmer R, Weusten BL, Smout AJ. Speech therapy in patients with excessive supragastric belching-a pilot study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(24-28):e22-e23.
49. Kessing BF, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ. Objective manometric criteria for the rumination syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:52-59.
50. Tucker E, Knowles K, Wright J, Fox MR. Rumination variations: aetiology and classification of abnormal behavioural responses to digestive symptoms based on high-resolution manometry studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37:263-274.
51. Richter JE, Pandolfino JE, Vela MF, et al. Utilization of wireless pH monitoring technologies: a summary of the proceedings from the esophageal diagnostic working group. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26:755-765.
52. Aksglaede K, Funch-Jensen P, Thommesen P. Intra-esophageal pH probe movement during eating and talking. A videoradiographic study. Acta Radiol. 2003;44:131-135.
53. Pandolfino JE, Schreiner MA, Lee TJ, Zhang Q, Boniquit C, Kahrilas PJ. Comparison of the Bravo wireless and Digitrapper catheter-based pH monitoring systems for measuring esophageal acid exposure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1466-1476.
54. Kahrilas PJ, Quigley EM. Clinical esophageal pH recording: a technical review for practice guideline development. Gastroenterology. 1996;110:1982-1996.
55. Johnsson F, Joelsson B, Isberg PE. Ambulatory 24 hour intraesophageal pH-monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gut. 1987;28:1145-1150.
56. Johnson LF, DeMeester TR. Development of the 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring composite scoring system. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1986;8(Suppl 1):52-58.
57. Wiener GJ, Morgan TM, Copper JB, et al. Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Reproducibility and variability of pH parameters. Dig Dis Sci. 1988;33:1127-1133.
58. Schindlbeck NE, Heinrich C, Konig A, Dendorfer A, Pace F, Muller-Lissner SA. Optimal thresholds, sensitivity, and specificity of long-term pH-metry for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 1987;93:85-90.
59. Wang AJ, Wang H, Xu L, et al. Predictors of clinical response of acid suppression in Chinese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2013;45:296-300.
60. de Bortoli N, Martinucci I, Savarino E, et al. Proton pump inhibitor responders who are not confirmed as GERD patients with impedance and pH monitoring: who are they? Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26:28-35.
61. Vitale GC, Cheadle WG, Sadek S, Michel ME, Cuschieri A. Computerized 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the reflux patient. A comparative study.. Ann Surg. 1984;200:724-728.
62. Mattioli S, Pilotti V, Spangaro M, et al. Reliability of 24-hour home esophageal pH monitoring in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34:71-78.
63. Smout AJ, Breedijk M, van der Zouw C, Akkermans LM. Physiological gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motor activity studied with a new system for 24-hour recording and automated analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34:372-378.
64. Masclee AA, de Best AC, de Graaf R, Cluysenaer OJ, Jansen JB. Ambulatory 24-hour pH-metry in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Determination of criteria and relation to endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990;25:225-230.
65. Richter JE, Bradley LA, DeMeester TR, Wu WC. Normal 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH values. Influence of study center, pH electrode, age, and gender. Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37:849-856.
66. Kasapidis P, Xynos E, Mantides A, et al. Differences in manometry and 24-H ambulatory pH-metry between patients with and without endoscopic or histological esophagitis in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:1893-1899.
67. Zentilin P, Iiritano E, Dulbecco P, et al. Normal values of 24-h ambulatory intraluminal impedance combined with pH-metry in subjects eating a Mediterranean diet. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38:226-232.
68. Shay S, Tutuian R, Sifrim D, et al. Twenty-four hour ambulatory simultaneous impedance and pH monitoring: a multicenter report of normal values from 60 healthy volunteers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1037-1043.
69. Zerbib F, des Varannes SB, Roman S, et al. Normal values and day-to-day variability of 24-h ambulatory oesophageal impedance-pH monitoring in a Belgian-French cohort of healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:1011-1021.
70. Johnsson F, Joelsson B. Reproducibility of ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. Gut. 1988;29:886-889.
71. Scarpulla G, Camilleri S, Galante P, Manganaro M, Fox M. The impact of prolonged pH measurements on the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease: 4-day wireless pH studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2642-2647.
72. Ayazi S, Lipham JC, Portale G, et al. Bravo catheter-free pH monitoring: normal values, concordance, optimal diagnostic thresholds, and accuracy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:60-67.
73. Wenner J, Johnsson F, Johansson J, Oberg S. Wireless oesophageal pH monitoring: feasibility, safety and normal values in healthy subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:768-774.
74. Dickman R, Green C, Fass SS, et al. Relationships between sleep quality and pH monitoring findings in persons with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3:505-513.
75. Frazzoni M, De Micheli E, Savarino V. Different patterns of oesophageal acid exposure distinguish complicated reflux disease from either erosive reflux oesophagitis or non-erosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;18:1091-1098.
76. Orr WC, Allen ML, Robinson M. The pattern of nocturnal and diurnal esophageal acid exposure in the pathogenesis of erosive mucosal damage. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:509-512.
77. Burgerhart JS, van de Meeberg PC, Siersema PD, Smout AJ. Nocturnal and daytime esophageal acid exposure in normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients with reflux symptoms. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26:6-10.
78. Piesman M, Hwang I, Maydonovitch C, Wong RK. Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter? Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2128-2134.
79. Broeders JA, Draaisma WA, Bredenoord AJ, et al. Oesophageal acid hypersensitivity is not a contraindication to Nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg. 2009;96:1023-1030.
80. Wayman J, Myers JC, Jamieson GG. Preoperative gastric emptying and patterns of reflux as predictors of outcome after laparoscopic fundoplication. Br J Surg. 2007;94:592-598.
81. Hong D, Swanstrom LL, Khajanchee YS, Pereira N, Hansen PD. Postoperative objective outcomes for upright, supine, and bipositional reflux disease following laparoscopic nissen fundoplication. Arch Surg 2004;139:848-852; discussion 852-844.
82. Vaezi MF, Schroeder PL, Richter JE. Reproducibility of proximal probe pH parameters in 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:825-829.
83. Noordzij JP, Khidr A, Desper E, Meek RB, Reibel JF, Levine PA. Correlation of pH probe-measured laryngopharyngeal reflux with symptoms and signs of reflux laryngitis. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:2192-2195.
84. Ayazi S, Hagen JA, Zehetner J, et al. Proximal esophageal pH monitoring: improved definition of normal values and determination of a composite pH score. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:345-350.
85. Reichel O, Issing WJ. Impact of different pH thresholds for 24-hour dual probe pH monitoring in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux. J Laryngol Otol. 2008;122:485-489.
86. Zerbib F, Roman S, Bruley Des Varannes S, et al. Normal values of pharyngeal and esophageal 24-hour pH impedance in individuals on and off therapy and interobserver reproducibility. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:366-372.
87. Tutuian R, Mainie I, Agrawal A, Freeman J, Castell DO. Normal values for ambulatory 24-h combined impedance pH-monitoring on acid suppressive therapy. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:A171.
88. Savarino E, de Bortoli N, Furnari M, et al. Different Accuracy of Various Impedance-pH Normal Values in Diagnosing GERD in Patients with Proven or Highly Suspected Reflux Disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46:S8.
89. Savarino E, Marabotto E, Salvador R, et al. Patients with non-acid reflux disease and those with erosive and non-erosive reflux disease have similar response to anti-reflux surgical therapy. Gastroenterology 2015;148:S-611.
90. Furnari M, Tolone S, Savarino E. Caution about overinterpretation of number of reflux episodes in reflux monitoring for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:1040.
91. Blondeau K, Tack J. Pro: impedance testing is useful in the management of GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:2664-2666.
92. Roman S, Bruley des Varannes S, Pouderoux P, et al. Ambulatory 24-h oesophageal impedance-pH recordings: reliability of automatic analysis for gastro-oesophageal reflux assessment. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006;18:978-986.
93. Hemmink GJ, Bredenoord AJ, Aanen MC, Weusten BL, Timmer R, Smout AJ. Computer analysis of 24-h esophageal impedance signals. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011;46:271-276.
94. Tenca A, Campagnola P, Bravi I, Benini L, Sifrim D, Penagini R. Impedance pH Monitoring: intra-observer and Inter-observer Agreement and Usefulness of a Rapid Analysis of Symptom Reflux Association. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;20:205-211.
95. van Rhijn BD, Kessing BF, Smout AJ, Bredenoord AJ. Oesophageal baseline impedance values are decreased in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2013;1:242-248.
96. Savarino E, Gemignani L, Pohl D, et al. Oesophageal motility and bolus transit abnormalities increase in parallel with the severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:476-486.
97. Farre R, Blondeau K, Clement D, et al. Evaluation of oesophageal mucosa integrity by the intraluminal impedance technique. Gut. 2011;60:885-892.
98. Kessing BF, Bredenoord AJ, Weijenborg PW, Hemmink GJ, Loots CM, Smout AJ. Esophageal acid exposure decreases intraluminal baseline impedance levels. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:2093-2097.
99. Woodland P, Al-Zinaty M, Yazaki E, Sifrim D. In vivo evaluation of acid-induced changes in oesophageal mucosa integrity and sensitivity in non-erosive reflux disease. Gut. 2013;62:1256-1261.
100. Martinucci I, de Bortoli N, Savarino E, et al. Esophageal baseline impedancelevels in patients with pathophysiological characteristics of functionalheartburn. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26:546-555.
101. de Bortoli N, Martinucci I, Savarino E, et al. Association between baseline impedance values and response proton pump inhibitors in patients with heartburn. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(1082-1088):e1081.
102. Kandulski A, Weigt J, Caro C, Jechorek D, Wex T, Malfertheiner P. Esophageal intraluminal baseline impedance differentiates gastroesophageal reflux disease from functional heartburn. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:1075-1081.
103. Patel A, Wang D, Sainani N, Sayuk GS, Gyawali CP. Distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance on pH-impedance monitoring predicts reflux burden and symptomatic outcome in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44:890-898.
104. Frazzoni M, de Bortoli N, Frazzoni L, et al. The added diagnostic value of postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index and nocturnal baseline impedance in refractory reflux disease studied with on-therapy impedance-pH monitoring. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;29:e12947.
105. Ates F, Yuksel ES, Higginbotham T, et al. Mucosal impedance discriminates GERD from non-GERD conditions. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:334-343.
106. Rinsma NF, Farre R, Bouvy ND, Masclee AA, Conchillo JM. The effect of endoscopic fundoplication and proton pump inhibitors on baseline impedance and heartburn severity in GERD patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27:220-228.
107. van Rhijn BD, Weijenborg PW, Verheij J, et al. Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(1815-1823):e1812.
108. Frazzoni M, Manta R, Mirante VG, Conigliaro R, Frazzoni L, Melotti G. Esophageal chemical clearance is impaired in gastro-esophageal reflux disease-a 24-h impedance-pH monitoring assessment. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25(399-406):e295.
109. Frazzoni M, Bertani H, Manta R, et al. Impairment of chemical clearance is relevant to the pathogenesis of refractory reflux oesophagitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46:596-602.
110. Frazzoni M, Savarino E, de Bortoli N, et al. Analyses of the Post-reflux Swallow-induced Peristaltic Wave Index and Nocturnal Baseline Impedance Parameters Increase the Diagnostic Yield of Impedance-pH Monitoring of Patients With Reflux Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:40-46.
111. Golub JS, Johns MM 3rd, Lim JH, DelGaudio JM, Klein AM. Comparison of an oropharyngeal pH probe and a standard dual pH probe for diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118:1-5.
112. Hirano I, Richter JE. ACG practice guidelines: esophageal refluxtesting. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:668-685.
113. Desjardin M, Roman S, des Varannes SB, et al. Pharyngeal pH alone is not reliable for the detection of pharyngeal reflux events: a study with oesophageal and pharyngeal pH-impedance monitoring. United European Gastroenterol J 2013;1:438-444.
114. Kawamura O, Aslam M, Rittmann T, Hofmann C, Shaker R. Physical and pH properties of gastroesophagopharyngeal refluxate: a 24-hour simultaneous ambulatory impedance and pH monitoring study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1000-1010.
115. Oelschlager BK, Quiroga E, Isch JA, Cuenca-Abente F. Gastroesophageal and pharyngeal reflux detection using impedance and 24-hour pH monitoring in asymptomatic subjects: defining the normal environment. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006;10:54-62.
116. Hoppo T, Sanz AF, Nason KS, et al. How much pharyngeal exposure is “normal”? normative data for laryngopharyngeal reflux events using hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance (HMII) J Gastrointest Surg 2012;16:16-24.
117. Williams RB, Ali GN, Wallace KL, Wilson JS, De Carle DJ, Cook IJ. Esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation: dual pH monitoring criteria for its detection and insights into mechanisms. Gastroenterology. 1999;117:1051-1061.
118. Wiener GJ, Tsukashima R, Kelly C, et al. Oropharyngeal pH monitoring for the detection of liquid and aerosolized supraesophageal gastric reflux. J Voice. 2009;23:498-504.
119. Worrell SG, DeMeester SR, Greene CL, Oh DS, Hagen JA. Pharyngeal pH monitoring better predicts a successful outcome for extraesophageal reflux symptoms after antireflux surgery. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:4113-4118.
120. Yadlapati R, Adkins C, Jaiyeola DM, et al. Abilities of Oropharyngeal pH Tests and Salivary Pepsin Analysis to Discriminate Between Asymptomatic Volunteers and Subjects With Symptoms of Laryngeal Irritation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(535-542):e532.
121. Mazzoleni G, Vailati C, Lisma DG, Testoni PA, Passaretti S. Correlation between oropharyngeal pH-monitoring and esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with suspected GERD-related extra-esophageal symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26:1557-1564.
122. Hemmink GJ, Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Monkelbaan JF, Timmer R, Smout AJ. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with therapy-resistant reflux symptoms: `on' or `off' proton pump inhibitor? Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2446-2453.
123. Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Smout AJ. Symptom association analysis in ambulatorygastro-oesophageal reflux monitoring. Gut. 2005;54:1810-1817.
124. Wiener GJ, Richter JE, Copper JB, Wu WC, Castell DO. The symptom index: aclinically important parameter of ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring.Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;83:358-361.
125. Weusten BL, Roelofs JM, Akkermans LM, Van Berge-Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. The symptom-association probability: an improved method for symptom analysis of 24-hour esophageal pH data. Gastroenterology. 1994;107:1741-1745.
126. Breumelhof R, Smout AJ. The symptom sensitivity index: a valuable additional parameter in 24-hour esophageal pH recording. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991;86:160-164.
127. Ghillebert G, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Nevens F, Piessens J. Ambulatory 24 hour intraoesophageal pH and pressure recordings v provocation tests in the diagnosis of chest pain of oesophageal origin. Gut. 1990;31:738-744.
128. Kushnir VM, Sathyamurthy A, Drapekin J, Gaddam S, Sayuk GS, Gyawali CP. Assessment of concordance of symptom reflux association tests in ambulatory pH monitoring. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35:1080-1087.
129. Watson RG, Tham TC, Johnston BT, McDougall NI. Double blind cross-over placebo controlled study of omeprazole in the treatment of patients with reflux symptoms and physiological levels of acid reflux-the “sensitive oesophagus”. Gut. 1997;40:587-590.
130. Taghavi SA, Ghasedi M, Saberi-Firoozi M, et al. Symptom association probability and symptom sensitivity index: preferable but still suboptimal predictors of response to high dose omeprazole. Gut. 2005;54:1067-1071.
131. Aanen MC, Bredenoord AJ, Numans ME, Samson M, Smout AJ. Reproducibility of symptom association analysis in ambulatory reflux monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2200-2208.
132. Slaughter JC, Goutte M, Rymer JA, et al. Caution about overinterpretation of symptom indexes in reflux monitoring for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:868-874.
133. Roman S, Keefer L, Imam H, et al. Majority of symptoms in esophageal reflux PPI non-responders are not related to reflux. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27:1667-1674.
134. Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut. 1999;45:172-180.
135. Vakil NB, Traxler B, Levine D. Dysphagia in patients with erosive esophagitis: prevalence, severity, and response to proton pump inhibitor treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:665-668.
136. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;18:CD003244.
137. Van Pinxteren B, Sigterman KE, Bonis P, Lau J, Numans ME. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;11:CD002095.
138. Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: a Kalixanda study report. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:275-285.
139. Savarino E, de Bortoli N, De Cassan C, et al. The natural history of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comprehensive review [published online November 9 2016]. Dis Esophagus 2016. doi: https ://doi. org/10.1111/dote.12511.
140. Wang A, Mattek NC, Holub JL, Lieberman DA, Eisen GM. Prevalence of complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus among racial groups in a multi-center consortium. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54:964-971.
141. Savarino E, Zentilin P, Mastracci L, et al. Microscopic esophagitis distinguishes patients with non-erosive reflux disease from those with functional heartburn. J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:473-482.
142. Kandulski A, Jechorek D, Caro C, et al. Histomorphological differentiation of non-erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn in patients with PPI-refractory heartburn. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:643-651.
143. Aziz Q, Fass R, Gyawali CP, Miwa H, Pandolfino JE, Zerbib F. FunctionalEsophageal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1368-1379.
144. Kia L, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ. Biomarkers of Reflux Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:790-797.
145. Vieth M, Mastracci L, Vakil N, et al. Epithelial Thickness is a Marker Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:1544-1551.
146. Vieth M, Mastracci L, Vakil N, et al. Epithelial Thickness is a Marker of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(1544-1551):e1541.
147. Gyawali CP, Roman S, Bredenoord AJ, et al. Classification of esophageal motor findings in gastroesophageal reflux disease: conclusions from an international consensus group. Submitted to Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017: in revision.
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Factors contributing to its the development. Esophageal symptoms of GERD. Aim of treatment. Change the life style. A basic medical treatment for GERD includes the use of prokinetic drugs with antisecretory agents.
презентация [390,7 K], добавлен 27.03.2016Ulcer - is a defect of gastric or duodenal mucosa which interfere over lamina muscularis mucosae, submucosa. Pathogenesis of the disease, its provocative factors. Classification and types of ulcers. Symptoms of gastric ulcer disease, complications.
презентация [1,9 M], добавлен 16.04.2014Coma - a life-threatening condition characterized by loss of consciousness, the lack of response to stimuli. Its classification, mechanism of development and symptoms. Types of supratentorial and subtentorial brain displacement. Diagnosis of the disease.
презентация [1,4 M], добавлен 24.03.2015Agranulocytosis - pathologic condition, which is characterized by a greatly decreased number of circulating neutrophils. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease. Hereditary disease due to genetic mutations. Signs and symptoms, treatment.
презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 25.02.2014Anatomy of the liver. Botkin’s disease is a viral disease that destroys the liver and bile ducts. Causes and treatment of the disease. Vaccinations and personal hygiene are the main means of prevention. Signs and symptoms of the Botkin’s disease.
презентация [3,5 M], добавлен 22.04.2013The major pathogens and symptoms of cholera - an acute intestinal anthroponotic infection caused by bacteria of the species Vibrio cholerae. Methods of diagnosis and clinical features of disease. Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of disease.
презентация [1,0 M], добавлен 22.09.2014Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia. Symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of this disease.
презентация [279,8 K], добавлен 12.11.2013The concept and the main causes of atherosclerosis, primary symptom. The mechanisms of atherosclerosis, main causes The symptoms and consequences, prevention. Atherosclerosis treatments. Basic approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
презентация [813,1 K], добавлен 21.11.2013Areas with significant numbers of malaria cases: Africa, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, South America, Central America and parts of the Caribbean. Etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of the disease, methods of treatment and antimalarial immunity.
презентация [286,9 K], добавлен 02.10.2012Infectious hepatitis - a widespread acute contagious disease. Botkin’s Disease is a viral disease that destroys the liver and bile ducts. Anatomy of the liver. The value of the liver to the body. Causes and signs of the disease. Treatment and prevention.
презентация [4,0 M], добавлен 24.04.2014The etiology of bronchitis is an inflammation or swelling of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air passages between the nose and the lungs. Signs and symptoms for both acute and chronic bronchitis. Tests and diagnosis, treatment and prevention disease.
презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 18.11.2015Principles and types of screening. Medical equipment used in screening. identify The possible presence of an as-yet-undiagnosed disease in individuals without signs or symptoms. Facilities for diagnosis and treatment. Common screening programmes.
презентация [921,2 K], добавлен 21.02.2016Causes of ischemic stroke. Assessment of individual risk for cardiovascular disease in humans. The development in patients of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Treatment in a modern hospital disorders biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
статья [14,8 K], добавлен 18.04.2015Concept and characteristics of focal pneumonia, her clinical picture and background. The approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, used drugs and techniques. Recent advances in the study of focal pneumonia. The forecast for recovery.
презентация [1,5 M], добавлен 10.11.2015Epilepsy is a group of neurological diseases characterized by epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking. Differential diagnosis and prevention of epilepsy.
презентация [39,6 K], добавлен 28.12.2015Analysis of factors affecting the health and human disease. Determination of the risk factors for health (Genetic Factors, State of the Environment, Medical care, living conditions). A healthy lifestyle is seen as the basis for disease prevention.
презентация [1,8 M], добавлен 24.05.2012Addiction as a brain disease. Why Some are Addicted and others not. Symptoms of drug addiction. Local treatment facilities. Tips for recovery. Interesting statistics. Mental disorders, depression or anxiety. Method of drug use: smoking or injecting.
презентация [4,7 M], добавлен 26.03.2016Tachycardia is a heart rate that exceeds the normal range. Symptoms and treatment methods of tachycardia. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to classify the type of tachycardia. It's important to get a prompt, accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
презентация [596,2 K], добавлен 20.11.2014Risk Factors. The following symptoms may indicate advanced disease. A barium contrast study of the small intestine. Surgical removal is the primary treatment for cancer of the small intestine. The association of small bowel cancer with underlying.
презентация [4,1 M], добавлен 28.04.2014Respiratory system brief. Structure of the Lungs. Structure of the Lungs. Examples of ailments of the lung: asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, tuberculosis. The characteristics and causes of diseases that cause them.. Visual of healthy vs. non healthy lungs.
презентация [162,8 K], добавлен 27.11.2013