Гигиеническая оценка пищевого статуса населения Республики Саха (Якутия)

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ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПИЩЕВОГО СТАТУСА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)

питание северянин заболевание алиментарный

Шестакова Ж.Р.1, Барабанова М.М.2, *,

Варламова М.А.3, Семенова Ю.Д.4, Федулова А.Г.5, Иванова Д.Ф.6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова» Медицинский институт, Якутск, Россия

Аннотация

В статье отражается влияние продуктов на алиментарно-зависимые заболевания, и лабораторный мониторинг безопасности населения, не соответствовавших гигиеническим нормативам. Рассмотрены актуальные проблемы в области здорового питания населения в Республике Саха (Якутия), а также роль болезни эндокринной и желудочно-кишечной системы, анемии в жизни северян. В работе проводились исследования качества фактического питания населения, применялись эпидемиологические (оценочно-описательный, аналитический) и статистические методы (темпов прироста и убыли), исследования.

Оригинальный текст был опубликован в Международном научно-исследовательском журнале в номер 4(94).

Ключевые слова: рациональное питание, йоддефицитные состояние, гастрит, дуоденит, микронутриенты, продовольственное обеспечение.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

Research article

Shestakova J.R.1, Barabanova M.M.2, *, Varlamova M.A.3, Semenova Yu.D.4, Fedulova A.G.5, Ivanova D.F.6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 FSAEI of HE «North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosova »Medical Institute,

Yakutsk, Russia

Abstract

The article reflects the effect of products on nutritional-dependent diseases, and laboratory monitoring of the safety of the population that did not meet hygiene standards. Actual problems in the field of healthy nutrition of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as the role of the disease of the endocrine and gastrointestinal systems, anemia in the life of northerners are considered. The study conducted the quality of the actual nutrition of the population, applied the epidemiological (assessment-descriptive, analytical) and statistical methods (growth rate and decrease), research.

Original research was previously published in International Research Journal issue 4(94).

Keywords: rational nutrition, iodine deficiency, gastritis, duodenitis, micronutrients, food supply.

Introduction: Providing the population with benign food products is one of the most important social indicators characterizing the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the republic.

Proper nutrition is the most important factor in ensuring human health, determining the quality and life expectancy. The main direction of the prevention and comprehensive treatment of nutritional diseases is the optimization of the diet through the use of specialized products of various functional orientations [1].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was a hygienic assessment of the nutritional status of the population of MS (I).

 Materials and research methods: the study conducted the quality of the actual nutrition of the population, applied epidemiological (estimated-descriptive, analytical) and statistical methods (growth and decrease), research, used the official statistical credentials of Sakha (Yakutia) stat, state report “On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare Population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”for 2016-2018.

Results and discussion: In recent years, the population has consumed more bread, sugar, and confectionery. Nutrition has acquired a predominantly carbohydrate-lipid character (see table 1).

Table 1 - The structure of the incidence associated with the lack of micronutrients with the first diagnosis in 2018. [4]

The level of consumption of bread, meat, milk and vegetable oil for 2016-2018 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), although slightly, it is still higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District. The exceptions are: potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries, eggs and sugar [5], [7].

According to Sakha (Yakutia) stat, the cost of most food products is growing, meat, fish, milk (traditional food of the local population), vegetable oil, vegetables, fruits are the most expensive. The trade allowance for the wholesale and retail trade in food products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is determined by the cost of transportation costs from suppliers. The population without regard to their biological value and daily calories buys food products. [4]

This situation is a source of growth in nutrition-related diseases and a general deterioration in the population's health indicators. Obesity is a factor potentiating the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and several others. Due to the increasing prevalence and associated negative health effects, obesity is one of the most serious public health problems (see table 2) [2].

Table 2 - The incidence associated with the use of food in the period 2017-2018. [9], [10]

Iodine deficiency diseases are one of the most common non-infectious diseases in the world. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the territories of the Russian Federation with a low iodine content.

One of the main goals of the state policy in the field of rational nutrition is to improve the quality of work of foods enriched with necessary ingredients, specialized baby foods, functional foods, dietary (therapeutic and prophylactic) foods and 88 dietary supplements, including nutrition. In organized groups (work, education), maintain and improve public health indicators caused by inappropriate and unreasonable power restrictions. The use of micronutrient-rich foods is seen as the most important and priority measure on which the crucial importance of improving nutrition and the health of the Russian population depends [6].

In 2018, 8013 diseases of the endocrine system were registered in children, including 1978 with the first diagnosis, 485 - upon physical examination (see table 3). An analysis of the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency among the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2018 shows that diseases associated with micronutrient deficiency are recorded in all age groups.

Table 3 - The structure of the incidence rate associated with micronutrient deficiency with the first diagnosis in 2018. [10]

Among the newly established diseases associated with micronutrient deficiency, the first place is occupied by endemic goiter associated with iodine deficiency (34%), the second - other forms of non-toxic goiter (32%), the third - subclinical hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency and other forms of hypothyroidism (fifteen%).

Under the control of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in 2018 there were 6,297 food facilities (in 2017-5705, in 2016-6213), of which 18.7% belong to the first group of sanitary and epidemiological welfare, 70% is associated with the second and 11.2% - to the third unsatisfactory group [3].

As part of food safety monitoring in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2018, a total of 25017 samples of domestic production were examined, of which: 762 food samples by sanitary-chemical indicators, 6643 samples by physico-chemical indicators, 16748 samples by microbiological indicators. research, including 503 tests for parasitological and 361 tests for radiological indicators. It was revealed that for the period 2016-2018. The share of food samples that did not meet hygienic standards for microbial contamination decreased from 11.09% in 2016 to 10.65% in 2018 and sanitary indicators 2 from 1.58% in 2016 to 0. 79% in 2018 (see table 4) [8].

Table 4 - The proportion of samples of domestic food products that do not meet hygiene standards for the period 2016-2018. % [8], [9], [10]

To control the content of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food raw materials and food products, we selected and studied 2016 - 62 samples, 2017 - 50 samples, 2018 - 58 samples. For three years, products containing GMOs were not detected in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). [9]

To control the content of antibiotics in food raw materials and food products, they were selected and studied: 2016 - 155 samples, 2017 - 52 samples, 2018 - 19 samples. For three years, products containing antibiotics were not detected in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) [10].

Conclusions

1. In the indigenous population of MS (I), the protein-lipid type of metabolism is considered the most optimal, respectively, the addition of meat and fish products to the diet, rich in essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals that increase and strengthen general immunity, is a key element necessary for adaptation to the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. However, malformed nutrition, which is primarily carbohydrate-lipid in nature, can cause obesity, which precedes a number of other serious diseases.

2. Conduct hygienic training for the population on the basic principles and skills of a healthy diet, on the need to use fortified foods in the diet (production of bakery products that use iodized salt, iodine casein, vitamin and mineral complexes). 

Список литературы / References

1. Герасименко Н.Ф. Здоровое питание и его роль в обеспечении качества жизни Технологии пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности АПК - продукты здорового питания, / Герасименко Н.Ф., Позняковский В.М., Челнакова Н.Г. // № 4 (12), 2016, с. 52-57;

2. Андреева Л. С.Чугунова Ожирение. Классификация, этиология, патогенез, клиника, диагностика, лечение / Андреева Л. С., Л. Ю. Хамнуева, Е. В. // Учебное пособие Иркутск ИГМУ 2016

3. Пахомов А.А. Продовольственная безопасность Якутии: теория, практика/ А.А. Пахомов, Е.Я. Федорова, В.Р. Дарбасов. - Новосибирск: Наука, 2016. - 208 с.

4. Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Республике Саха (Якутия) за период 2016-2018гг.

5. Никифоров А.Г. Анализ потребления продуктов питания местного производства вРеспублике Саха (Якутия) как фактор характеризующий потребительский спрос населения / А.Г. Никифоров // Евразийский Союз Ученых (ЕСУ). - 2015. - №6 (15) - с. 119.

6. Петрова Т.Е. Питательная ценность продуктов питания и его потребление населением Якутии / Петрова Т.Е. // Аграрный вестник Урала - 2008. - №1 (43). - С. 42-43

7. Мельникова М.М. Основы рационального питания: учебнометодическое пособие / Мельникова М.М., Косованова Л.В. - Новосибирск: НГПУ, 2000. - 86 с.

8. Государственный доклад о состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Республике Саха (Якутия) в 2016 году;

9. Государственный доклад о состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Республике Саха (Якутия) в 2017 году;

10. Государственный доклад о состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Республике Саха (Якутия) в 2018 году.

Список литературы на английском языке / References in English

1. Gerasimenko N.F., Zdorovoe pitanie i ego rol' v obespechenii kachestva zhizni [Healthy nutrition and its role in ensuring the quality of life] / Gerasimenko N.F., Poznjakovskij V.M., Chelnakova N.G // Tehnologii pishhevoj i pererabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti APK - produkty zdorovogo pitanija, № 4 (12), 2016. p. 52-57; [in Russian]

2. S. Andreeva, L. Ju. Hamnueva, E. V. Chugunova Ozhirenie. Klassifikacija, jetiologija, patogenez, klinika, diagnostika, lechenie [Obesity. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment] / L. S. Andreeva. L. Ju. Hamnueva, E. V. Chugunova // uchebnoe posobie, Irkutsk, IGMU 2016, p. 10 [in Russian]

3. Pahomov A.A., Prodovol'stvennaja bezopasnost' Jakutii: teorija, praktika [Food Security in Yakutia: Theory, Practice] / A.A. Pahomov, E.Ja. Fedorova, V.R. Darbasov // Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2016. - p. 208 [in Russian]

4. Territorial'nyj organ Federal'noj sluzhby gosudarstvennoj statistiki po Respublike Saha (Jakutija) za period 2016-2018. [The territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period 2016-2018.], Sakha(Yakutia)stat, 2016-2018 [in Russian]

5. Nikiforov A.G., Analiz potreblenija produktov pitanija mestnogo proizvodstva v Respublike Saha (Jakutija) kak faktor harakterizujushhij potrebitel'skij spros naselenija [Analysis of the consumption of locally produced food products in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as a factor characterizing the consumer demand of the population] / A.G. Nikiforov // Evrazijskij Sojuz Uchenyh (ESU),2015, №6 (15) - p. 119. [in Russian]

6. Petrova T.E, Pitatel'naja cennost' produktov pitanija i ego potreblenie naseleniem Jakutii //[The nutritional value of food and its consumption by the population of Yakutia] / Petrova T.E / Agrarnyj vestnik Urala, 2008. № 1 (43), p. 42-43 [in Russian]

7. Mel'nikova M.M., Osnovy racional'nogo pitanija [The basics of good nutrition] // Mel'nikova M.M., Kosovanova L.V; uchebnometodicheskoe posobie, Novosibirsk: NGPU, 2000. - p. 86 [in Russian]

8. Gosudarstvennyj doklad o sostojanii sanitarno-jepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchija naselenija v Respublike Saha (Jakutija) v 2016 [State report on the state of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2016] / Upravlenie Rospotrebnadzora po Respublike Saha (Jakutija) , 2016 [in Russian]

9. Gosudarstvennyj doklad o sostojanii sanitarno-jepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchija naselenija v Respublike Saha (Jakutija) v 2017 [State report on the state of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2017] /Upravlenie Rospotrebnadzora po Respublike Saha (Jakutija) , 2017 [in Russian]

10. Gosudarstvennyj doklad o sostojanii sanitarno-jepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchija naselenija v Respublike Saha (Jakutija) v 2018 [State report on the state of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2018] /Upravlenie Rospotrebnadzora po Respublike Saha (Jakutija), 2018 [in Russian]

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