ó㳺í³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåêòðîìàãí³òíî¿ îáñòàíîâêè, ùî ñòâîðþºòüñÿ àíòåíàìè áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ’ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ äî ³ ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G

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ÍÀÌÍ Óêðà¿íè

ó㳺í³÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà åëåêòðîìàãí³òíî¿ îáñòàíîâêè, ùî ñòâîðþºòüñÿ àíòåíàìè áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ äî ³ ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G

Ãàëàê Ñ.Ñ., Áåçâåðõà À.Ï.,

Äóìàíñüêèé Â.Þ., ͳê³ò³íà Í.Ã.,

Á³òê³í Ñ.Â., Çîòîâ Ñ.Â.

Êè¿â, Óêðà¿íà

Àíîòàö³ÿ

Äàíà ðîáîòà º ÷àñòèíîþ íàøèõ äîñë³äæåíü ç âèâ÷åííÿ ðîçïîä³ëó åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â íàñåëåíèõ ïóíêòàõ.

Ìåòîþ ðîáîòè áóëî âèâ÷èòè òà ïðîàíàë³çóâàòè åëåêòðîìàãí³òíó ñèòóàö³þ äî òà ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 ÷åòâåðòîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ 4G íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó íà òåðèòî𳿠×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³.

Ìàòåð³àëè òà ìåòîäè. Áóëî ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ìàêñèìàëüí³ òà ñåðåäí³ ð³âí³ åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ðîçòàøîâàíèõ ó ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³, ÿê ó ì³ñòàõ, òàê ³ â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³. Äëÿ ñòàòèñòè÷íîãî àíàë³çó òà ðîçðàõóíê³â áóëî âèêîðèñòàíî ïðîãðàìíå çàáåçïå÷åííÿ STATISTICA 10.

Ðåçóëüòàòè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³, ìåä³àíà ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ çá³ëüøèëàñü íà 151,9% (çîêðåìà, íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 93,0%), à ñåðåäí³õ - íà 127,0% (çîêðåìà, íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 58,5%). Æîäíèõ âèïàäê³â ïåðåâèùåíü ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ ÿê äî, òàê ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é, âèÿâëåíî íå áóëî.

Òàêîæ áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìàêñèìàëüí³ ³ ñåðåäí³ ð³âí³ ÅÌ ó 21,9% âèïàäê³â ïåðåâèùóâàëè ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèé ð³âåíü, ùî ä³ÿâ äî 2017ðîêó - 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì².

Âèñíîâêè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó òåõíîëî㳿 ÷åòâåðòîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ 4G, ð³âí³ åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ çíà÷íî çðîñëè. Äîâåäåíî â³äñóòí³ñòü ïåðåäóìîâ äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìîãî ð³âíÿ äî 100 ìêÂò/ñì² ïðè âïðîâàäæåíí³ òåõíîëî㳿 4G íà ìîá³ëüíèõ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ.

Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà. Åëåêòðîìàãí³òíå âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ, áàçîâ³ ñòàíö³¿ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, 4G.

Annotation

Hygienic characteristic of the electromagnetic situation created by antennas of mobile base stations in chernihiv region before and after the introduction of 4G technology

S.S. Halak, A.P. Bezverkha, V.Yu. Dumansky, N.G. Nikitina, S.V. Bitkin, S.V. Zotov, State Institution «O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine

This work is part of our researches to study the distribution of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations in populated areas.

The aim of this work was to study and analyze the electromagnetic situation before and after the introduction of fourth generation 4G technology at mobile base stations.

Materials and methods. We analyzed the maximum and average levels of electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations located in Chernihiv region. The electromagnetic situation was studied both in urban areas and in rural areas. STATISTICA 10 was used for statistical analysis and calculations.

Results. It was established that after the implementation of 4G technology at mobile base stations in the territory of Chernihiv region, the median of the maximum levels of electromagnetic radiation increased by 151.9% (in particular, in urban areas by 93.0%), and the median of average levels - by 127.0% (inparticular, in urban areas by 58.5%).

There were no cases of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of EMF both before and after the modernization of the base stations.

It was established that after the modernization of the base stations, the maximum and average levels of EMF in 21.9% of cases exceeded the "old" maximum permissible level - 2.5 uWcm².

Conclusions. It was found that after the introduction of the fourth generation 4G technology at the mobile base stations, the levels of electromagnetic radiation in Chernihiv region increased significantly. It has been proven that there are no prerequisites for increasing the maximum permissible level to 100 pW/cm² when implementing 4G technology at mobile base stations.

Keywords. Radiofrequency radiation, mobile base stations, 4G.

Åëåêòðîìàãí³òíå âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ, ùî ñòâîðþºòüñÿ îáëàäíàííÿì ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, â òîìó ÷èñë³ ³ ñòàíäàðòó 4G, º íåáåçïå÷íèì ôàêòîðîì. Äîñë³äæåííÿ íà òâàðèíàõ ïîêàçàëî, ùî ÅÌ âïëèâຠíà á³îõ³ì³÷í³, öèòîëîã³÷í³, ô³ç³îëîã³÷í³, åìáð³îëîã³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè îðãàí³çìó, à òàêîæ ìîæå ïðèçâîäèòè äî ïîÿâè çëîÿê³ñíèõ ïóõëèí [6-8].

Òàêîæ º äîñë³äæåííÿ, ùî ïîêàçàëè ìîæëèâ³ íåñïðèÿòëèâ³ íàñë³äêè (âòîìà, ïîðóøåííÿ ñíó, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, çàïàìîðî÷åííÿ, ñåðöåâî-ñóäèíí³ ñèìïòîìè, äåïðåñ³ÿ òà òðóäíîù³ ç êîíöåíòðàö³ºþ óâàãè òà ïàì'ÿòòþ) â³ä âïëèâó åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ íà çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ, ùî ïðîæèâຠïîáëèçó áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó [4,5]. Ó äîñë³äæåíí³ [9] âèÿâëåíî çá³ëüøåííÿ çàõâîðþâàíîñò³ íà ðàê ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ, ùî ïðîæèâຠïîáëèçó áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, à òàêîæ âñòàíîâëåíî êîðåëÿö³þ ì³æ ð³âíåì ñìåðòíîñò³ â³ä ðàêó òà ïîòóæí³ñòþ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó.

 Óêðà¿í³ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó éäå àêòèâíå âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G [10], à òàêîæ ïëàíóºòüñÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó 5G. Òîìó íàìè áóëè çàïëàíîâàí³ òà ïðîâåäåí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ð³âí³â åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ (ÅÌÂ) â³ä àíòåí áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, äî ³ ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G.

Ìåòîþ äàíî¿ ðîáîòè áóëî äîñë³äæåííÿ òà àíàë³ç åëåêòðîìàãí³òíî¿ îáñòàíîâêè, ùî ñòâîðþºòüñÿ åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèì âèïðîì³íþâàííÿì àíòåí áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³, äî ³ ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G.

Ìàòåð³àëè òà ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåíü. Ó öüîìó äîñë³äæåíí³ íàìè áóëî ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíê³â ðîçïîä³ëó åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ â³ä àíòåí áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ÿê³ ðîçì³ùåí³ íà òåðèòî𳿠×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³, äî (20162017 ðîêè) òà ï³ñëÿ (2019-2020 ðîêè) âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåõíîëî㳿 4G.

Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíê³â áðàëèñÿ ç ðîçä³ëó «Îö³íêà âïëèâó íà íàâêîëèøíº ñåðåäîâèùå» ïðîåêò³â íà áóä³âíèöòâî òà/àáî ìîäåðí³çàö³þ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó.

Ðîçðàõóíêè ðîçïîä³ëó åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ïðîâîäèëèñÿ çã³äíî âèìîã «Äåðæàâíèõ ñàí³òàðíèõ íîðì ³ ïðàâèë çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ â³ä âïëèâó åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü» (Íàêàç ÌÎÇ Óêðà¿íè â³ä 1 ñåðïíÿ 1996 ðîêó ¹239) [2] çà ìåòîäèêîþ, çàòâåðäæåíîþ ÌÎÇ Óêðà¿íè [3].

Íàìè áóëî ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî 64 ïðîåêòè íà áóä³âíèöòâî òà ìîäåðí³çàö³þ 32 áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ÿê³ ðîçì³ùåí³ íà òåðèòî𳿠×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³, ÿê â ì³ñòàõ òàê ³ â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³. Ðîçãëÿäàëèñÿ ò³ ñàì³ áàçîâ³ ñòàíö³¿ äî ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿.

Àíàë³çóâàëèñÿ ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçðàõóíê³â ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ÿê íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò (21 áàçîâà ñòàíö³ÿ), òàê ³ â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ (11 áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é). Ñåëèùà ì³ñüêîãî òèïó ìè ðîçãëÿäàëè ÿê ñ³ëüñüêó ì³ñöåâ³ñòü.

Äîñë³äæóâàëèñÿ íàñòóïí³ ïîêàçíèêè (äî ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿): ìàêñèìàëüíèé ð³âåíü ÅÌ íà âèñîò³ 2 ì â³ä ïîâåðõí³ çåìë³; ñåðåäí³é ð³âåíü ÅÌ (ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ â íàïðÿìêàõ ìàêñèìàëüíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ïàíåëüíèõ àíòåí áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é) íà âèñîò³ 2 ì â³ä ïîâåðõí³ çåìë³.

Ïðè àíàë³ç³ äàíèõ áóëè âèêîðèñòàí³ íàñòóïí³ ñòàòèñòè÷í³ ìåòîäè: çíàõîäæåííÿ ñåðåäíüîãî; çíàõîäæåííÿ ìåä³àíè; êðèòåð³é Êîëìîãîðîâà-Ñìèðíîâà; êðèòåð³é Øàï³ðî-³ëêà; Ò-êðèòåð³é ³ëêîêñîíà [1].

Ïðè ñòàòèñòè÷íîìó àíàë³ç³ áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî â³äñóòí³ñòü íîðìàëüíîãî ðîçïîä³ëó äàíèõ, òîìó ïîäàëüøèé àíàë³ç ðåçóëüòàò³â òà âèñíîâêè ðîáèëèñÿ íà îñíîâ³ Ò-êðèòåð³þ ³ëêîêñîíà òà ìåä³àíè ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ.

Äëÿ ñòàòèñòè÷íîãî àíàë³çó òà ðîçðàõóíê³â âèêîðèñòîâóâàëè STATISTICA 10 (ë³öåíç³éíèé ¹STA999K347156-W).

åëåêòðîìàãí³òíèé âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ ñòàíö³ÿ ìîá³ëüíèé çâ'ÿçîê

Ðåçóëüòàòè òà ¿õ îáãîâîðåííÿ

Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåííÿ áàçóâàëèñÿ íà àíàë³ç³ ïðîåêò³â íà áóä³âíèöòâî òà/àáî ìîäåðí³çàö³þ 32 áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó äî ³ ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà íèõ òåõíîëî㳿 4G. Óçàãàëüíåí³ ðåçóëüòàòè öüîãî àíàë³çó ïîêàçàíî â òàáë. 1-3.

Òàáëèöÿ 1

Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçïîä³ëó ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ùî ðîçì³ùåí³ â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ (32 áàçîâ³ ñòàíö³¿)

Ïðèì³òêè:

Mean - ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Median - ìåä³àíà ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Min - ì³í³ìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Max - ìàêñèìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì².

Òàáëèöÿ 2

Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçïîä³ëó ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ùî ðîçì³ùåí³ íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ (21 áàçîâà ñòàíö³ÿ).

Ïðèì³òêè:

Mean - ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Median - ìåä³àíà ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Min - ì³í³ìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Max - ìàêñèìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì².

Òàáëèöÿ 3

Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîçïîä³ëó ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, ùî ðîçì³ùåí³ â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ (11 áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é)

Ïðèì³òêè:

Mean - ñåðåäíº çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Median - ìåä³àíà ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Min - ì³í³ìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì²;

Max - ìàêñèìàëüíå çíà÷åííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌÂ, ìêÂò/ñì².

Ñòàòèñòè÷íèé àíàë³ç ðåçóëüòàò³â ïîêàçàâ äîñòîâ³ðíå çá³ëüøåííÿ ìåä³àíè ÿê ìàêñèìàëüíèõ, òàê ³ ñåðåäí³õ ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ ï³ñëÿ ¿õ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿.

Áóëî âèÿâëåíî äîñòîâ³ðí³ çì³íè (çá³ëüøåííÿ ìåä³àíè) ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ³ ñåðåäí³õ ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é â ì³ñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³.  ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ äîñòîâ³ðíèõ çì³í ð³âí³â ÅÌ äî ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ âèÿâëåíî íå áóëî.

ϳñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ×åðí³ã³âñüê³é îáëàñò³ òåõíîëî㳿 4G, ìåä³àíà ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ çá³ëüøèëèñü íà 151,9% (çîêðåìà, íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 93,0%), à ñåðåäí³õ - íà 127,0% (çîêðåìà, íàòåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 58,5%).

Ïðîàíàë³çóâàâøè âèùåíàâåäåí³ ðåçóëüòàòè, áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî çðîñòàííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌ íàâêîëî áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó, â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çäåá³ëüøîãî íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò. Íà íàøó äóìêó, öåé ôàêò ïîâ'ÿçàíèé ç òåõí³÷íèìè îñîáëèâîñòÿìè ðîçòàøóâàííÿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é â óìîâàõ æèòëîâî¿ çàáóäîâè, çîêðåìà, ù³ëüí³ñòþ ¿õ âñòàíîâëåííÿ. Ñë³ä çàóâàæèòè, ùî íà òåðèòî𳿠Óêðà¿íè çà ÷àñ ïðîâåäåííÿ íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèé ð³âåíü (ÃÄÐ) åëåêòðîìàãí³òíîãî âèïðîì³íþâàííÿ â³ä áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó çì³íþâàâñÿ ³ ñòàíîâèâ:

- äî 16 òðàâíÿ 2017 ðîêó - 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì² (Íàêàç ̳í³ñòåðñòâà îõîðîíè çäîðîâ'ÿ ¹239 â³ä 01.08.1996. Çàðåºñòðîâàíî â ̳í³ñòåðñòâ³ þñòèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè 29 ñåðïíÿ 1996 ð. çà ¹488/1513);

- ç 16 òðàâíÿ 2017 ðîêó äî 8 ñ³÷íÿ 2021 ðîêó - 10 ìêÂò/ñì² (Íàêàç ̳í³ñòåðñòâà îõîðîíè çäîðîâ'ÿ ¹266 â³ä 13.03.2017. Çàðåºñòðîâàíî â ̳í³ñòåðñòâ³ þñòèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè 16 òðàâíÿ 2017 ð. çà¹625/30493);

- ç 8 ñ³÷íÿ 2021 ðîêó - 100 ìêÂò/ñì² (Íàêàç ̳í³ñòåðñòâà îõîðîíè çäîðîâ'ÿ ¹2760 â³ä 30.11.2020. Çàðåºñòðîâàíî â ̳í³ñòåðñòâ³ þñòèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè 08 ñ³÷íÿ 2021 ð. çà¹26/35648).

ßê âèäíî ç ðåçóëüòàò³â äîñë³äæåííÿ íàìè íå áóëî âèÿâëåíî æîäíîãî âèïàäêó ïåðåâèùåííÿ ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìîãî ð³âíÿ, ÿêèé äî ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ (2016-2017 ðîêè) ñòàíîâèâ 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì², à ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ (2017-2021 ðîêè) - 10 ìêÂò/ñì². Àëå ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìàêñèìàëüí³ ³ ñåðåäí³ ð³âí³ ÅÌ ó 21,9% âèïàäê³â (7 ç 32) ïåðåâèùóâàëè «ñòàðèé» ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèé ð³âåíü - 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì².

Áóëî âèÿâëåíî, ùî ìåä³àííå çíà÷åííÿ ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ äî ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ ñòàíîâèëè 0,6209 ìêÂò/ñì² (24,84% â³ä ÃÄÐ - 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì²), à ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ - 1,5640 ìêÂò/ñì² (15,64% â³ä ÃÄÐ - 10 ìêÂò/ñì²).

Ö³ ðåçóëüòàòè ïîêàçóþòü, ùî íå ³ñíóº æîäíèõ ïåðåäóìîâ â òåõí³÷íîìó ñåíñ³ äëÿ çá³ëüøåííÿ ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìîãî ð³âíÿ äî 100 ìêÂò/ñì² ïðè âïðîâàäæåíí³ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó òåõíîëî㳿 4G.

Âèñíîâêè

1. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ï³ñëÿ âïðîâàäæåííÿ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó íà òåðèòî𳿠×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³ òåõíîëî㳿 4G, ìåä³àíà ìàêñèìàëüíèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ çá³ëüøèëàñü íà 151,9% (çîêðåìà, íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 93,0%), à ñåðåäí³õ - íà 127,0% (çîêðåìà, íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò íà 58,5%).

2. Ïîêàçàíî, ùî çá³ëüøåííÿ ð³âí³â ÅÌ â³äáóâàºòüñÿ â îñíîâíîìó íà òåðèòî𳿠ì³ñò ×åðí³ã³âñüêî¿ îáëàñò³. Æîäíèõ äîñòîâ³ðíèõ çì³í ð³âí³â ÅÌ äî ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ íå âèÿâëåíî.

3. Íå âèÿâëåíî æîäíèõ âèïàäê³â ïåðåâèùåíü ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèõ ð³âí³â ÅÌ ÿê äî, òàê ³ ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é.

4. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî ï³ñëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³é ìàêñèìàëüí³ ³ ñåðåäí³ ð³âí³ ÅÌ ó 21,9% âèïàäê³â ïåðåâèùóâàëè «ñòàðèé» ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìèé ð³âåíü - 2,5 ìêÂò/ñì².

5. Äîâåäåíî, ùî íå ³ñíóº ïåðåäóìîâ äëÿ çá³ëüøåííÿ ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòèìîãî ð³âíÿ äî 100 ìêÂò/ñì² ïðè âïðîâàäæåíí³ íà áàçîâèõ ñòàíö³ÿõ ìîá³ëüíîãî çâ'ÿçêó òåõíîëî㳿 4G.

References

1. Moskalenko V.F., Gulchiy O.P., Colubchikov M.V. [Biostatistics]. Kyiv: Knigaplus; 2009. 184 p. Ukrainian.

2. Order of MH Ukraine from 01.08.1996 N239. State sanitary norms and rules of protection of the population from influence of electromagnetic radiation]. Kyiv; 1996. Ukrainian.

3. Order of MH Ukraine from 29.11.2013 N1040. Method of calculating the distribution of electromagnetic field levels]. Kyiv; 2013. Ukrainian.

4. Singh K., Nagaraj A., Yousuf A., Ganta S., Pareek S., Vishnani P. Effect of electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone base stations on general health and salivary function. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6:54-9.

5. Bogers R., van Gils A., Clahsen S., Vercruijsse W., van Kamp I., Baliatsas C., et al. Individual variation in temporal relationships between exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and non-specific physical symptoms: A new approach in studying `electrosensitivity'. Environment International. 2018;121:297-307.

6. Falcioni L., Bua L., Tibaldi E., Lauriola M., De Angelis L., Gnudi F., Mandrioli D., Manservigi M., Manservisi F., Manzoli I., et al. Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission. Environ Res. 2018;165:496-503.

7. National Toxicology Program: NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Hsd: Sprague Dawley sd rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones. NTP TR 595. 2018 March 26-28.

8. National Toxicology Program: NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in B6C3F1/N mice exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (1,900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones. NTP TR 596. 2018 March 26-28.

9. Rodrigues NCP, Dode AC, de Noronha Andrade MK, O'Dwyer G, Monteiro DLM, Reis INC, et al. The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2021 Jan 29;18(3):1229.

10. Halak S., Dumansky V., Nikitina N., Bitkin S., Bezverkha A. [Hygienic characteristic of the electromagnetic situation created by the electromagnetic radiation of the antennas of mobile base stations in Cherkasy region before and after the introduction of 4G technology]. Med. perspekt. [Internet]. 2021 Dec 20 [cited 2022 Aug 17];26(4):161-5. Ukrainian.

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