Педагогічна діяльність і погляди Ернста Меймана

До наукового обігу введено значну кількість невідомої і маловідомої літератури німецькою мовою, архівних документів, окремих фактів, положень, які пов'язані з педагогічною та науково-дослідною діяльністю Е. Меймана. Основні результати, положення, висновки дисертаційного дослідження можуть бути використані у викладанні історії педагогіки, процесі підготовки підручників.

Ключові слова: експериментальна педагогіка, емпірично-педагогічне дослідження, експериментальна дидактика, лабораторний педагогічний експеримент, Ернст Мейман.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Степаненко А.В. Педагогическая деятельность Эрнста Меймана. - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата педагогических наук по специальности 13.00.01 - общая педагогика и история педагогики. - Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Киев, 2008.

В диссертации осуществлено исследование и дана глубокая характеристика педагогической деятельности и наследия Э. Меймана, установлены основные этапы его научной и педагогической деятельности; исследованы и проанализированы основные факторы, имевшие непосредственное влияние на формирование его педагогических взглядов; проанализированы и обобщены основные положения педагогической теории емпирико-педагогического исследования учеников, разработанной педагогом-реформатором в конце XIX - начале XX ст.; определены принципы, на которых основывалась концепция экспериментальной педагогики Э. Меймана, охарактеризованы основные идеи экспериментальной педагогики Э. Меймана в организации учебно-воспитательного процесса; раскрыто значение деятельности Э. Меймана для развития педагогической мысли в Германии и в Украине.

В научное обращение введено значительное количество неизвестной и известной литературы на немецком языке, архивных документов, отдельных фактов, положений связанных с педагогической и научно-исследовательской деятельностью Э. Меймана. Основные результаты, положения, выводы диссертационного исследования могут быть использованы в преподавании истории педагогики, в процессе подготовки учебников.

Ключевые слова: экспериментальная педагогика, эмпирико-педагогическое исследование, экспериментальная дидактика, лабораторный педагогический эксперимент, Эрнст Мейман.

ANNOTATION

Stepanenko A.V. Pedagogical activity and ideas of Ernst Meumann. - Manuscript.

The dissertation for the candidate's scientific degree of Pedagogical Science, specialty 13.00.01 - General Pedagogical Science and History of Pedagogy. - Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, 2008.

The dissertation research analyses the main periods of E. Meumann's scientific and pedagogical activity, investigates and describes his pedagogical activity, main factors having formed his pedagogical views, the major ideas, principles of experimental pedagogy and E. Meumann's heritage.

On the basis of archival documents and literary sources the following life and scientific activity periods of E. Meumann are stated and proved. The first period (1862-1883) includes childhood, adolescence, youth. During this period Е. Meumann received basic home education, attended classical school and passed successfully final exams. His important characters were cultivated by the family which great role for the personality education he admitted. The second period (1883-1891) - higher education, social activity, professional determination, defence of thesis. At this period E. Meumann studies at the universities of Halle (theology), Bonn (philosophy, physiology), Tubingen (medicine, psychology), defended the theses in psychology. The third period (1991-1900) - phase of E. Meumann's formation as a scientist, researcher, pedagogue and reformer. In 1891 E. Meumann made the acquaintance of W. Wundt's experimental research and worked under his supervision at the Institute of experimental psychology. At this time the scientist developed the “application of experimental pedagogy, psychology and esthetics”, defended the second theses in psychology. The fourth period (1900-1913) - teaching and scientific activity in the cities of Zurich (Switzerland), Kongsberg, Munster, Halle, Leipzig (Germany). This period is the stage of energetic pedagogical activity and determination of E. Meumann's scientific world-view. The fifth period (1913-1915) - development of E. Meumann's scientific work, during this period the scientist is involved in the scientific pedagogical research, organizing activity and foundation of the pedagogical youth-research institute in the city of Hamburg.

E. Meumann's life came tragically to an end because of sudden illness. The achievements of the third, fourth and fifth periods are represented in the basic works and publications of E. Meumann. Detailed review of the problem gave an opportunity to observe the deep connection E. Meumann's pedagogical ideas with rich heritage of classical pedagogy and pedagogical ideas at the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. As for E. Meumann's reformatory activity the main ways of new pedagogical scientific research basis creation are determined. E. Meumann's scientific heritage is also analyzed concerning its accordance to the new social economic conditions of Germany development during the researched period. The defined significant merit of E. Meumann is the fact that he put the pedagogy on the scientific basis and proved it is not an applied but a separate science.

E. Meumann's ideas concerning endowments and esthetical education are analyzed. The main principles of his experimental pedagogy conception are determined: complex principle, genetic principle, pragmatic principle.

The dissertation investigates E. Meuman's ideas regarding experimental didactics and formulates the main didactic principles of his conception: education in conformity with the nature, in conformity with the culture, reasonability, visualization of education, individualization of education, deliberateness and activity of study, independence of teacher's activity and connection of study with life.

The dissertation reveals and characterizes the connection and influence of E. Meuman's experimental pedagogy towards domestic pedagogical science, the review of empirical pedagogical theory research is made regarding its different development stages. A lot of previously unknown literature in German, archival documents, historical facts and data related to the scientific research activity of Ernst Meumann are introduced for scientific consideration.

Key words: experimental pedagogy, empirical pedagogical research, experimental didactics, pedagogical laboratory experiment, Ernst Meumann.

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