Механізми адаптації серцево-судинної системи учнів старшого шкільного віку при тривалих фізичних навантаженнях

Ключові слова: фізичні навантаження, короткочасна пам'ять, серцево-судинна система, функціональні можливості, організм, індивідуально-типологічні властивості ВНД, нервова система, вегетативні функції, психофізіологічні функції.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Раздайбедин В.Н. Механизмы адаптации сердечно-сосудистой системы учеников старшего школьного возраста при длительных физических нагрузках. - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата биологических наук по специальности 03.00.13. - физиология человека и животных. - Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Киев, 2005.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию адаптации организма к длительным физическим нагрузкам в онтогенезе.

В результате исследования получены количественные динамические характеристики уровня экономичности сердечно-сосудистой системы учеников старшего школьного возраста при длительных физических нагрузках.

Показано, что в условиях длительных физических тренировок повышаются адаптационные возможности сердечно-сосудистой системы при мышечных нагрузках, которые адекватны функциональным возможностям организма подростка и юноши.

На основании анализа возрастной динамики свойств основных нервных процессов установлено, что адаптация к длительным тренировочным физическим нагрузкам сопровождается у учащихся старшего школьного возраста усовершенствованием функционального состояния нервной системы.

Результаты исследования указывают на то, что у обследуемых с разным уровнем свойств основных нервных процессов при длительных физических нагрузках характер и направленность онтогенетических изменений вегетативных и психофизиологических функций одинаковые, но степень их различна.

Исследованы взаимосвязи свойств основных нервных процессов с вегетативными и психическими функциями растущего организма.

Ключевые слова: физические нагрузки, кратковременная память, сердечно-сосудистая система, функциональные возможности, организм, индивидуально-типологические особенности ВНД, нервная система, вегетативные функции, психофизиологические функции.

ANNOTATION

Razdaibyedin V.M. Characteristics of Higher Nervous Activity and Mechanisms of Senior Students' Cardiovascular System Adaptation Under Conditions of Prolonged Physical Activity. - Manuscript.

Dissertation on competition of graduate degree of candidate of biological sciences on specialty 03.00.13 - physiology of man and animals. - the Kiev national university of the name of Tarasa Shevchenko, Kiev, 2005.

The thesis is devoted to the problems of a body adaptation to prolonged physical activity in ontogenesis and in connection with individual and typological characteristics of higher nervous activity.

Quantitative dynamic characteristics of senior students' economy level of cardiovascular system regulation and phase structure of cardiac cycle under prolonged physical activity have been obtained. It has been shown that in conditions of prolonged physical training adaptive possibilities of cardiovascular system regulation increase.

Positive adaptive effect takes place under training muscular work that is appropriate to functional abilities of a teenager's body.

On the base of age dynamics analysis of the main nervous processes peculiarities it has been established that teenagers' adaptation to prolonged physical activity is accompanied by perfection of nervous system functional condition that becomes apparent in development of individual and typological characteristics of higher nervous system, in particular in development of the main nervous process' functional mobility and intensity.

It has been proved that under prolonged physical activity all investigated population with different level of main nervous process' characteristics has the same nature and direction of ontogenetic changes of vegetative and psychophysiological functions, but the degree is different.

Higher nervous activity's typological characteristics become apparent in evolution of speed and degree of compensatory mechanisms of cardiac rhythm regulation as a functional sample. People with low functional mobility of main nervous processes were characterized by higher level of cardiovascular system functioning and the highest tense of all regulating mechanisms under the functional sample.

People with high functional mobility of main nervous process were characterized by less tense of mechanism of cardiac rhythm regulation and more economic cardiovascular system activity.

The investigation of age dynamics of the main nervous processes' characteristics among the senior students in the sports group and the monitoring one has proved that in this ontogenesis period its gradual forming goes on.

The results of the investigation of functional mobility, main nervous processes intensity, latency time of simple visual motive reaction and reaction of the choice of one of three irritants and two of three ones have proved that the character of age dynamics of the mentioned functions is different among the students of sports group and the monitoring one.

The students of sports groups were characterized by higher functional mobility and intensity of the main nervous processes, shorter latency time of simple and complicated visual motive reactions.

This regularity may be explained by the influence of prolonged afferent impulses that come to nervous system while systematic sport training that raises a special demand for the processes of excitation and inhibition.

Hence, higher index of functional mobility and intensity of the main nervous processes among athletes may be the results of increase of main nervous processes' endurance to physical exercise. Longitudinal study of mnemonical function among 15-17 years-old students has shown their considerable acceleration.

The volume of short-term audio and visual memory gradually increases among senior students and is it the highest at the age of 17. Among teenagers who go in for sports, memory function increase happens slowly.

The proved difference in memory index may be explained by more intensive physical exercises they have in comparison with monitoring groups where the students have more studies. Short-term memory among young sportsmen with different level of individual and typological peculiarities of higher nervous activity is characterized by different values. Correlation connections of the main nervous activity characteristics with psychic functions among senior students have been investigated.

Key-words: physical exercises, short-term memory, cardiovascular system, functional abilities, body, individual and typological characteristics of higher nervous activity, nervous system, vegetative functions, psychophysiological functions.

Размещено на Allbest.ru