Studying the educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of XX century by university students

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Studying the educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of XX century by university students

Savjuk A.M.

Abstract

The article considers the relevance of studying the educational and teaching activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century by university students. The article includes analysis of the main research and publications, with the initial solution of the problem. In order teachers and students have possibility to get to know of this problem in more details, it is proposed to introduce a special course «Formation and development of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century». Accordingly the objectives, content and main results of that course are described. The program includes five interrelated themes and issues in the study for each subject.

Key words: educational and teaching activities, women's NGOs, the South of Ukraine, the purpose, the content, predictable results, the special course, the program.

Савьюк А.Н. Изучение студентами высших учебных заведений просветительско-педагогической деятельности женских общественных организаций на Юге Украины во второй половине ХІХ - первой четверти ХХ века

В статье рассматривается актуальность изучения студентами высших учебных заведений просветительско-педагогической деятельности женских общественных организаций на Юге Украины во второй половине XIX - первой четверти ХХ века. Статья включает в себя анализ основных исследований и публикаций, в которых начато решение данной проблемы. С целью более детального ознакомления педагогов и студентов с данной проблемой предложено ввести спецкурс «Становление и развитие образовательно-педагогической деятельности женских общественных организаций на Юге Украины во второй половине XIX - первой четверти XX века». Описаны цели, основное содержание и прогнозируемые результаты спецкурса. Программа включает в себя пять взаимосвязанных тем и вопросы к изучению по каждой теме.

Ключевые слова: просветительско-педагогическая деятельность, женские общественные организации, Юг Украины, цель, содержание, прогнозируемые результаты, спецкурс, программа.

Сав'юк А.М. Вивчення студентами вищих навчальних закладів просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності жіночих громадських організацій на Півдні України у другій половині ХІХ - першій чверті ХХ століття

У статті розглядається актуальність вивчення студентами вищих навчальних закладів просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності жіночих громадських організацій на Півдні України у другій половині ХІХ - першій чверті ХХ століття. Стаття включає в себе аналіз основних досліджень і публікацій, в яких започатковано розв'язання даної проблеми і на які спирається автор, виділення невирішених раніше частин загальної проблеми, котрим присвячується означена стаття. Виділені основні цілі, які переслідували жіночі громадські організації на Півдні України у другій половині ХІХ - першій чверті ХХ століття: благодійність, підтримка жінок під час включення у професійну діяльність, просвіта жінок, навчання їх грамоті, боротьба за вищу освіту. Наведені приклади таких організацій. Так, з метою більш детального ознайомлення педагогів та студентів з даною проблемою, запропоновано запровадити спецкурс «Становлення та розвиток просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності жіночих громадських організацій на Півдні України в другій половині XIX - першій чверті XX століття». Відповідно описані мета, основний зміст та прогнозовані результати спецкурсу. Програма включає в себе п'ять взаємопов'язаних тем та питання до вивчення по кожній темі. У подальшому запропоновано розробити матеріали по даній проблемі для включення їх до шкільної програми.

Ключові слова: просвітницько-педагогічна діяльність, жіночі громадські організації, Південь України, мета, зміст, прогнозовані результати, спецкурс, програма.

Because of democratic reforms which take place currently in Ukraine, priority inheritance is the social experience of our people, which requires a detailed study of the history of national culture and education.

Today, when women's organizations are again active subjects of social life, the study of the history of formation and development of education and educational activities in general, and particularly in the South Ukraine is extremely important.

Gender motion, diverse manifestations of women's initiatives, the problems of female education are the subject of scientists active research since the 90s of the twentieth century. They study and analyze the intellectual and social activities of women in Ukraine as a whole and in its individual regions. The works of I Malinko, L. Ershov, N. Slyusarenko, O. Anischenko, T. Sukhenko and so on are dedicated to different aspects of women's education and training.

Educational activities of NGOs in Ukraine attracted the attention of B. Evtukh, L. Berezivska, L. Wolf, N. Hupan, M. Yarmachenka, N. Nychkalo, N. Pobirchenko, O.Sukhomlinsky, etc.

The problem of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs is reflected in the scientific heritage of A. Markiewicz, A. Preobrazhensky, A. Skalkovsky, D. Bahaliyeva, H. Masly, M. Pantyuk, N. Polonsky, T. Pantyuk, T. Zavgorodnya, etc.

Activities of public companies in the South Ukraine is partially covered in the works of A. Hospodarenko, A. Misechko, E. Gorburov, V. Bobrov, V. Bondarenko, Y. Guzenko. Sociopolitical features of the southern region and their influence on the areas of education policy about the organization of female education are analyzed in the works of A Bykova, A. Likhacheva, H. Laktionova, M. Levitsky, M. Pyeskovsky, M. Zinchenko, O. Piller, V. Dobrovolska, V. Mayboroda, etc.

A. Kobelska, L. Smolar, Z. Nahachewsky have dedicated their works to different historical periods of education and teaching of women's NGOs in Ukraine. However, scientists have studied the activities of women's initiatives primarily in the western and central regions of Ukraine. Only little attention is paid to women's NGOs in Southern Ukraine. Their activities were characterized by the features not found in other areas. In this region, because of its multynational and multicultural features, women's NGOs are divided according to the ethnic and religious affiliation, as well as professional interests, which led to the specifics of social movements. Therefore, the purpose of this article - to characterize the program of the course 'Formation and development of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century' which can be proposed for the studying by students in higher educational institutions.

Equal rights of men and women in education, training, professional activities, ownership of property, participation in state and government formation are taken for granted in modern society. However, as history proves, women performed a second role for the long time. Only in the second half of the nineteenth century, believed in their importance, women began to look for opportunities and ways to influence government formation process. Fundamental for the emergence of women's initiatives was the realizing by the democratically minded, educated women that their rights were limited, the necessity of liberation from the oppression of the patriarchal system. An important factor was a new type of Ukrainian women, who differed, refusing of everyday life, by the desire to have useful and professional work, dedication to the chosen work, initiative. The need to defend their right for independent activities in terms of unavailability of society to improve the social status of women stimulated their activity, contributed to reveal the spiritual and creative potential. Women united in civil society organizations to address social issues, and the question of female education as a prerequisite for the progressive development of society occupied a prominent place. Women's NGOs operating in Ukraine at the end of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century, concerned the spirit of democratic attitudes and criticized existing training and education, put forward a humane and democratic educational ideal [3, p. 1-2].

Formed in those years, women's NGOs followed mainly the purposes: charity; support for women during inclusion in professional activities; the education of women, teaching them to read and write; the struggle for higher education. According to these objectives, women's NGOs were looking for ways to attract women to the educational sphere. One of the first organizational structures was Sunday schools for women opened in 1859. In 1896 the House of hardworking for educated women was founded, in 1898 - Women's Educational Society, Women's Artel, other clubs. A professional board in preparing girls to work in the business field of life was opened by public funds [2]. The desire of women in social activities aimed to educate citizens, led to appearing female teacher training courses in 60's. For the first time they opened in 1859 at the Mariinsky School [5]. Women carefully organized educational process by guiding it to nationally-educated and spiritually rich, able to organize the successful future of individuals [1]. educational pedagogical women organizations ukraine

Experience shows that educational and teaching activities of women's NGOs usually attracts many teachers and students. For a more detailed examination of this problem it is advisable, for example, to introduce a special course 'Formation and development of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century'.

The training course was created in accordance with the provisions of the 'National Doctrine for Development of Education' (2002), Laws of Ukraine 'On Education' (1996), 'On higher Education' (2002), other documents that provide the regulatory framework of education and teaching women's NGOs in Ukraine.

The aim of the course is to create a special teachers', students' methodological and theoretical competence, to improve the knowledge of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine; to review socio-economic factors and general cultural features, periods of formation and development of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine, objectives, content, methods, forms of activity; to form the skills to use the experience of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine nowadays.

The program provides training sessions in various forms - lectures, seminars, discussions, conferences, business games, professional meetings, involving the use of active innovation and organizational forms and interactive techniques, with professional guidance. This creates the conditions for the manifestation of the students' own initiative, creativity, self-searching, to ensure the proper level of students' professionalism, the ability to implement educational and pedagogical experience of women's organizations in the South of Ukraine in the educational process of modern education.

The thematic plans are designed for 10 hours (6 of them for theoretical and 4 for practical classes), which aim to disclose social and legal status of women in the legislative and regulatory framework; social and political conditions, socio-economic factors and general formation and development of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine; stages, contents, methods and forms of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in southern

Ukraine, as well as the prospects of implementation of the experience of women's NGOs in contemporary educational activities [4, p. 213-214].

The main content of the program involves the study of several interrelated topics, namely:

1. Social and legal status of women in the South of Ukraine in the legislative and regulatory framework in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century (2 hours).

Questions for study: particular features of the South region of Ukraine; analysis of the legal and regulatory framework, which in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century regulated livelihoods of women in royal Empire in general and in the South of Ukraine; the legal and social status of women as the prerequisites of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine.

2. Influence of socio-economic and general conditions for the development of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century (2 hours).

Questions for study: the social and economic and general factors and preconditions of formation and development of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine.

State of general and women's education in the South. Government programs and educational reforms of women's education. Formation and development of education and pedagogical movement in Ukraine and in the South. Cooperation between public authorities and the public. Formation and development of women's NGOs in Ukraine and in the South.

3. Stages and activities of women's educational NGOs in the South of Ukraine (the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century) (2 hours).

Questions for study: the stages, the main activities, the content of the educational and teaching women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine (the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century). Examples of the activities of educational women's NGOs at every stage. The names of organizations, active women.

4. Methods and forms of education and teaching training activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century (2 hours).

Questions for study: methods and forms of education and teaching training activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century. Examples of cooperation of women's NGOs and educational institutions.

5. Prospects of implementation of the experience of the education and teaching women's NGOs in the South Ukraine in modern educational activities (2 hours).

Questions for study: the present stages, the main activities, content, methods and forms of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in Ukraine and in the South. Examples of modern educational women's organizations at every stage. Common features and differences in the educational activities of women's NGOs of past years and present. Prospects of using the experience of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in modern educational activity.

Trainees who study the course 'Formation and development of educational and pedagogical activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century' should:

Know:

- basic laws that govern the livelihoods of women in Ukraine;

- socio-economic and general factors and preconditions of formation and development of women's NGOs in the South Ukraine;

- the state of people's and women's education in the South in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century;

- адютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадютаюадюадstages, the main activities, content, methods, forms of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine (the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century);

- examples of interaction between women's NGOs with educational institutions;

- current stages, the main activities, content, methods and forms of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in Ukraine and in the South.

be able to:

- analyze the legislative and regulatory guidance documents on education, educational literature and, determined on this basis, a rational experience of education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine;

- create an information field and make management decisions based on analysis of the received information;

- use in practice the works of national higher education institutions, rational ideas of educational work using the experience of women's NGOs;

- identify similarities and differences in the educational activities of women's NGOs during the past and present years;

- determine the prospects of using experience of the women's NGOs educational activities in the South of Ukraine in modern educational practice [2, p. 213-214].

Numerous initiatives of organizations and associations making changes in the legal status of women contributed to the expansion of opportunities for general and higher education of women, expanding their access to new skills, to participate in the state building process. The women's movement and its leaders were the center of union and propaganda of ideas about gender equality among various levels of society. With the help of the press, and in particular women's journalistic activities, involving progressive active women, women's NGOs have managed to create a layer of social and political literature on women's issues, contributed to its inclusion in the democratic and educational reforms.

Studying the history of educational and cultural activities of women's NGOs in certain regions of Ukraine is relevant in terms of awakening public interest in the historical past of the state. They affected the development of public education and the cultural life of the region, so their experience needs to be summarized using new source basis from the standpoint of modern historical science.

The development of an economically and politically independent Ukraine highlights the task of strengthening the educational base of the state. In this regard, in the laws (the Law of Ukraine 'On Higher Education', National Doctrine of Education of Ukraine in the XXI century) and in educational documents the need to study the historical and pedagogical problems associated with the adoption of a national education system is stresses. At the time of our history it is important to refer to these forms and methods of local government, which contributed to a cultural and economic recovery of the country. One of the forms was women's NGOs in Ukraine (the second half of XIX - beginning of XX century). In the future, it is appropriate to develop a program of school course to study education and teaching activities of women's NGOs in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the twentieth century.

Literature

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