Educational sphere specialists preparation on the exampleof multidimensional e ducational and enlightenment activities of Sidor Vorobkevich

Ключові слова: мультикультурність, толерантність, Сидір Воробкевич, Буковина, педагогічна та просвітницька діяльність.

Finally, in 1867 he returned to Chernivtsi in his 30th. A long break in his literary career started, that was caused primarily by the heavy workload of pedagogical work in the theological seminary, the real school, the gymnasium and dascalia (deacon school), where he had up to 40 training hours per week. Having entered the post of teacher of music and singing of the theological seminary, S. Vorobkevich encountered a number of problems that required an urgent solution like absence of any teaching and methodological base - textbooks on musical literacy and solfeggio, didactic instructions for teaching singing, a collection of songs for the school repertoire. The young teacher starts solving the situation on his own. He had to create everything in the process of work.

Despite the busyness of the teaching work, in the second year of his teaching he published his first book, written in German, entitled "General Theory of Music", which was introduced to all schools of the region and was reprinted several times. In the same year he released another German manual - "Elementary textbook of harmony." Later he wrote textbooks on musical literacy in Ukrainian. With the arrival in the Bukovina capital he seems to postpone its literary activity and leaves it to a later time. But in Chernivtsi S. Vorobkevich takes up professional mastery of pedagogical specialty. He improves his musical education. To receive the official right to teach music he went to Vienna to continue his studies at the Conservatory in July 1868. Here we can make a parallel with aspiration of Father Sidor to self-realization as a teacher and aspiration to improve the acquired skills and comedies, training throughout life, self-development and professional self-improvement. During his studies in Vienna, S. Vorobkevich visits the theaters and concert halls of the capital of European music, left a deep imprint on his soul and mind and motivated him to further self-realization in the field of musical and dramatic art.

After studying at the Vienna Conservatory, Sidor Vorobkevich brilliantly passes an exam in musical and theoretical disciplines and after receiving a diploma as a teacher of singing and choir regent returns at the beginning of 1869 in Chernivtsi to teaching work. In parallel, having improved his theoretical knowledge of music, the composer writes piano pieces and works for instrumental ensembles. Concludes the choral scores for his own texts and the words of other authors. Since then, the artist for 40 hours a week until his retirement will work in almost all secondary schools, and after the opening in 1875 of Chernivtsi University, S. Vorobkevich receives the title of professor and teaches music at the theological faculty.

In 1870 S. Vorobkevich published in Chernivtsi "Collection of songs for public schools, lower classes of gymnasium and real schools". It consist of 20 songs, words and music to which the poet-composer wrote himself: "Mother tongue", "Song of schoolchildren", "Vesnyanka", "Walk", "Orphan in foreign lands", "In the Carpathian Mountains" etc. "The Collection of songs..." was in Bukovina the second school textbook on singing written in Ukrainian, after the "Spivannik for hospodar's children" by Yu. Fedkovych, was signed in 1867, and issued in 3 years with the assistance of S. Vorobkevich, who reviewed the manuscript and gave him high marks. Commenting on the release of the "Collection of Songs...", the correspondent of the newspaper "Slovo" in his March 16, 1870 issue noted: "All those songs are concluded with a successful and, however, easy to learn duet. Collection of Isidore Vorobkevich can compete with such German collections, which is not surprising, since the author is an examining member of the Vienna Conservatory of Music. Every Ukrainian community in Galicia, Hungary, Bukovina had that compilation for a local school".

Mainly on the basis of his almost 20-year pedagogical experience, S. Vorobkevich prepared and in 1880 published in Vienna "Songbook for public schools", consisting of three parts. It actually became the first Ukrainian singing textbook, which was then reprinted many times and for more than two decades it was used in the schools of Western Ukraine.

The musicologist Maria Belinskaya in her essay "Sidor Vorobkevich" (1982) noted that his songbooks were the only textbook at that time for teaching singing in schools. The very fact of their reissue in 1893, 1899, 1902, 1905, 1909 and 1910 indicates that they were not interchangeable for the primary and secondary schools of Galicia and Bukovina. This is undoubtedly their great importance in the development of musical culture in the West-Ukrainian lands".

At the same time, S. Vorobkevich wrote and published a similar manual in Romanian called "Collection of Songs for Folk Schools" (Vienna, 1889). He also consisted mainly of folklore works and songs written by S. Vorobkevich with the words of famous Romanian and Moldovan poets. In particular, V. Alexandri and M. Imenescu. For a long time this "Collection of Songs for Folk Schools" was in Romania and Moldova also the only textbook on which children studied music and singing. The progressive public, in particular the outstanding figure of the Romanian and Moldovan culture Bogdan Hasdeu Petricheyku (1838-1907), highly appreciated the progress.

Textbooks, like all of S. Vorobkevich's pedagogical activity, were the usual degree that the folk song and music were heard in the schools of Bukovina. They also contributed to the popularization of the works of T. Shevchenko, Yu. Fedkovych, M. Shashkevich, V. Alexandri, M. Imenescu and S. Vorobkevich himself. In 1890, he wrote in his autobiography "in all school I enter - everywhere I hear my songs. This is a reward for me, I ennobled Children's Hearts with music, means I lived in this world for some reason".

Sidor Vorobkevich especially respected and popularized the works of Taras Shevchenko in Bukovina. In particular, he met and collaborated with leading German-Austrian poet, the writer Georg Obrist - professor of the highest real school in Chernivtsi, where S. Vorobkevich taught the course of theology. Immediately when they met general plan appired to translate and publish in German poetry of T. Shevchenko with his biography. Without losing time, they both set to work: S. Vorobkevich made a translation of selected for collection poems and G. Obrist carried out the German version on their basis. This was one of the first fairly successful translations of Shevchenko's work.

It is necessary to notice as achievements of S. Vorobkevich's famous students were: Eusebius Mandichevsky (1857-1929) - an Austrian composer and musicologist of Ukrainian origin. Eusebie Mandicevschi, son of the Chernivtsi Orthodox priest. After high-quality training by Sidor Vorobkevich he continued his education and musical career in Vienna, where he directed choral and orchestral ensembles; since 1880 - choirmaster of the Vienna Choir Academy; 1887 - archivist of the Society of Friends of Music; in 18961921, Professor of the Academy of Music and Performing Arts (Vienna Conservatory), where he conducted classes, instrumentation, history of music and composition; Chiprian Porumbescu (1854-1883) is a famous Romanian composer, the founder of the Romanian musical classics. After the name of Ciprian Porumbescu was named Bucharest Conservatory and the Romanian Musical Lyceum in Chisinau, Moldova; on his mentoring mastered a course of theoretical training with music Porfiry Bazhansky (1836-1920) - a famous Ukrainian composer and music theorist, a famous Galician musician, folklorist, writer. His student was also Mikhail Verbitsky - author of the music of Ukrainian anthem.

In the declining years (1897), S. Vorobkevich was elected representative to the Regional School Council to the place of the deceased Romanian I. Onchul. He became the first Ukrainian in this educational institution. The creative horizons of S. Vorobkevich not only closed on Bukovina and in Ukraine, but also far beyond its borders. The popularity of the figure of S. Vorobkevich in the east of Ukraine is evidenced, for example, by the letter from the teacher of the Lubensky grammar school from Poltava, L. Dolinky, who on October 1,1874 asked the artist to send his works and assured him that he was "known and appreciated as a poet and composer". Consequently, the statement of S. Vorobkevich himself, that his songs can be heard "both at the Danube, and over the Dnieper, in Serbia, in Galicia and other parts" are approved by facts.

Social, cultural and educational activities of S. Vorobkevich. In the fall of 1875 in Chernivtsi, according to the decree of Emperor Franz Joseph, the German university of his name was opened. Despite the fact that the main goal of this step of the Viennese government was the strengthening of the state positions of Austria-Hungary in the province and implementation of German education and culture there, the grounds and further activities of the university had an influence on all spheres of life of the Bukovinian public, including the rise of national recognition of Ukrainian society. The well-known figure of the people's movement in Galicia, writer Vasily Ilnitsky, wrote about this in the article "The bookmarks of Chernivtsi University and the hundredth anniversary of Bukovina's accession to Austria" published in the 20th issue of Pravda for 1875: "We do not deny that in the current circumstances could not have appeared another university like German, we do not deny the fact that the creation of a German university can benefit the region in general, and the Ukrainiams of Bukovina especially. "So in fact it was: people from the native Ukrainian, as well as Romanian, population of the region got better than there was before the opportunity to get a university education, then to work in the interests of their people. However, to become a university student, it was necessary to finish the German high school. This, of course, could only be afforded by individual students from Ukrainian families, because to enter such an elite educational institutionnit was required to speak German, which could be mastered in a normal (primary) school, again with German language of learning.

Spiritual Seminary, which before the opening of the university had the status of a higher educational institution and was the main place of work of S. Vorobkevich entered the university as one of its faculties - theological. So, S. Vorobkevich became a university professor and continued to work there until 1902, when he was retired due to illness. With the opening of the university active and more mass participation of youth in social and cultural-educational movement of the region became. Students united in their societies, conducted cultural and educational work among the population, organized amateur performances, cultural and artistic events, issued almanacs etc. With participation of Ukrainian students, the issues of creating a department of the Ukrainian language and literature at the university, as well as the introduction of the Ukrainian language as a teaching discipline in the theological and philosophical faculties.

The most active and consistent in its activities for a long time was the first in Chernivtsi Ukrainian student society "Union", an honorary member of which in 1878 was elected Isidore Vorobkevich. On the initiative of the "Union" in the city and around the villages, literary and art evenings and lectures on popular scientific and economic topics were arranged. At the opening of the university was Al. Barvinsky, as a guest of S. Vorobkevich. In a letter to a Bukovinian friend written right after returning to Ternopil (October 4, 1875), where he then worked, Al. Barvinsky shared fresh impressions of his trip to Chernivtsi. It convinced him that the Ukrainians lives hard in Bukovina, and the people who defended the people's interests are almost gone. The exception is, in his opinion, only brothers Vorobkevich: "You must be a prop that supports the whole building of the people's and Bukovina".

The University in Chernivtsi was opened on October 1, 1875, and two weeks after the celebrations held on this occasion, Grigory Vorobkevich wrote in a diary that this, on the one hand, is an act of Germanization of the population of Bukovina, but at the same time the university will promote the spread of European culture in the region, although in a German dress: "After all, the people learn from each other, and this is only a exhausting of themselves, when they say that the people themselves can become what they are". It is the closure of oneself before other nations that creates stagnation. The true that, all nations formed their culture, but only some managed to make their languages world-wide famous, and for science this is very important".

Sidor in parallel continues his work in the literary field. He wrote a large number of short stories and dramatic works. Along with his compositional and literary activities, S. Vorobkevich devoted much effort to musical pedagogy. Working with school youth, he constantly felt the lack of Ukrainian pedagogical and methodological literature on musical and theoretical disciplines. Therefore, he concluded and published songbooks and small textbooks on the solfeggio theory of music, harmony. These textbooks were for school. These were the first Ukrainian samples of musical and educational literature in Bukovina.

In 1870 the first book of Sidor Vorobkevich was published in Chernivtsi intended for schoolchildren, which included 20 songs. Recommended by S. Vorobkevich songs were sung in all schools. During 1889 in Vienna his next songbook was published, three parts of which were published in separate editions. The greatest value has the third part of the songbook, which is essentially a methodical guide to music theory.

For 70-80 years S. Vorobkevich's collaborated with the theater. The composer writes a significant amount of musical and dramatic works, songs for the theater. It began with the fact that in 1864 the theater committee of the society Russian conversation on the occasion of the opening of the Russian People's Theater in Lviv announced a competition for the creation of plays for the repertoire of the theater. Vorobkevich wrote two plays but did not send them, because he thought they were too weak for them. And in 1872 he sent his new play to the Lviv Theater, which called "Wedding on Harvest". This play was immediately taken to the stage, which inspired him to active work in the territory of drama and stage music. In a short time he became one of the most popular playwrights. The works of which did not leave the stage until the middle of the 90s of the 19th century. Sidor Vorobkevich wrote dramatic works, many of them submitted their own music. It is even difficult to say who predominated in him - a writer or a composer. His musical legacy impresses - 400 works for the choir, about 250 for his own texts, he is the author of the opera "Lean Marta", numerous vaudeville songs, liturgical songs and psalms, quartets, edgings.

For 20 years between 1870-1890 Sidor Vorobkevich continues to work actively on public arena. He is member of many Chernivtsi public associations. Chair at "Ruska be- sida". At the initiative of S. Vorobkevich there is a Ukrainian- language literary and art magazine "Bukovina Dawn". Father Sidor gathers the Union of Ukrainian Students. In 1884 he was elected chairman of the first Russian literary and drama society. The task of this society in Chernivtsy was to cherish dramatic and musical art, put Ukrainian folk plays in the theater, organize musical-recital evenings, concerts, popular lectures. And after 3 years, Sidor heads the Russian Folk House in Chernivtsi. He was the editor and publisher of the anthology "Ruska Khata" - Bukovina almanac in 1877, Sidor Vorobkevich signed it under the pseudonym Daniil Mlaka in Chernivtsi, and published it in Lviv. In the "Russian Hut" took part: Sidor Vorobkevich and his brother Grigory Vorobkevich, Yuri Fedkovych, Kornilo Ustiyanovich, Anna Barvinok, Panteleimon Kulish (article about Galician Russia during the Cossack wars) etc. Consequently, S. Vorobkevich became the continuer of the idea of joining all Ukrainians in Bucovina, which was headed by Yury Fedkovych before him.

In 1886, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the birth of Sidor Vorobkevich, he celebrated his creative activity with the participation of well-known and authoritative people of Bukovina. The President of Duchy of Bukovina came to honor the artist - Baron Felix Pino von Friedenthal. For many of his predecessors, the position of the Bukovina Territory President became a springboard for further growth, and only units were able to earn with concrete deeds, the style of leadership, respect in the region honored by compatriots of both Ukrainian and Romanian descent, and managed to understand Baron Pinot deeply in political, social and national problems edge, he studied Ukrainian and Romanian languages. It was a great honor to guest him at his event. Among the guests who supported work of S. Vorobkevich were numerous officials - Ukrainian, German, Romanian, Polish cultural figures, public leaders of the region, representatives of the press. Counted with S. Vorobkevich all the national groups of the region and respected him. In 1897, when Father Sidor turned 61 years old, he was elected representative to the regional school board for the place of the deceased Romanian Mr. Onchul. Vorobkevich becomes the first Ukrainian in this educational institution of the province.

Father Sidor Vorobkevich never left theology. His spiritual-preaching publishing in Romanian religious magazine "Candela" is admired. In this magazine he published about 100 preaching. In general, in his autobiography Sidor noted: "I printed 4 Ukrainian liturgies, Romanian - 6; 2 Greek are in manuscripts, and Ukrainian and Romanian are a lot. Secular choirs, songs - not only Ukrainian, but also Greek, German, Serbian - in manuscripts, also the exact number of it cannot be counted. All the Ukrainian preaching, which I compiled in 35 years two years ago (a lot of them disappeared) into one dispute book".

In Bukovina, concert activity of newly formed "Russian Literary and Dramatic Society" (in 1884) was widely developed. Under the chairmanship of Sidor Vorobkevich, apart from performing plays from life of Ukrainian people, arranged concerts and lectures on theater and music. For example, in 1886, Bukovina widely honored the memory of the great Kobzar (Taras Shevchenko), and after that became a tradition to annually organize large musical and literary evenings in honor of T. Shevchenko, M. Shashkevich, Yu. Fedkovich, whose programs consisted mainly of works by Ukrainian composers who wrote music on words of these poets and writers. In this context, it should be noted that S. Vorobkevich was one of the first among Western composers who began to write music for the immortal poetry of T. Shevchenko. Among the numerous written by the composer different genre vocal-choral, instrumental, and religious works - 12 male choruses are written on the words of the great poet [9, p. 24]. In 2011, these works were reprinted in the publishing house of Chernivtsi National University named after Yuri Fedkovych for use in the teaching and educational purposes of music students [16].

Sidor Vorobkevich was one of founders of popular scientific lecture hall, where he personally gave public lectures on history of music with the cycle of articles "Our Composers". He thoroughly described the work of the famous Russian composer Glinka, the western composer Verbitsky, who "brought music to Galicia in and equipped it with deeply patriotic moods and optimism," says M. Bilinskaya [2, p. 14-15]. The modern scholar philologist P. Rykhlo in his study of the works of the Austrian poet, interpreter of mid-19th century I G Obrist - one of the first European artists who touched the immortal poetry of T. Shevchenko, transferring them to German, points on great help in this matter of his writing, friend S. Vorbkevich [22 p. 231]. "A certain merit belongs to S. Vorobkevich and in the development of cultural traditions of the Moldavians and Romanian peoples. He was sympathetic to the Romanian people and their culture. Based on the samples of the Romanian song folklore, he created many original compositions and songs that were printed in periodicals and musical collections and formed the basis of "Collection of Songs" for the Romanian schools. "The progressive public of Romania, during the life of the composer, recognized his services in strengthening cultural connections between two neighboring peoples [18, p. 36].

Highlighting the multifaceted field of Sidor Vorobkevich's creativity in artistic areas of Bukovina, one can not ignore his productive cultural and educational activities, which would be noticed from the outside. In this regard, there are noteworthy and Argumenting words of the famous musician and teacher, composer, chairman of the first music society in Chernivtsi since 1874, the director of the music school, Czech nationality Adalbert Grzhimali, in whose person the Bukovina had significant support for the development of multinational culture in the province. Although he led the German Society in Bukovina for 30 years, still opposed the forcible implementing of German culture in the multilingual Bukovina. That is, the artist faithfully believed that time would come when each nation, each person will have the opportunity to develop himself, his culture, preserve and multiply his cultural traditions, live in a free and independent democratic state. "Success is achieved by someone who does not consider himself superior to his people. These are already Vorobkevich, Mandichevsky, Flondor".

The literary and artistic award named after Sidor Vorob- kevich was founded in 1993. The award is based on the aim of developing and popularizing national culture of Bukovina, creating highly artistic works of literature and art, enhancing the activity of members of creative unions, professional collectives, teachers of educational institutions and cultural and educational workers of the region. The prize is awarded annually for outstanding achievements in the development of the culture and art of the region to the best Bukovinian artists: writers, painters, workers of concert and theater organizations, art educational institutions, cultural and educational institutions. The Literary and Art Award named after Sidor Vorobkevich is awarded in the nominations "Pedagogical Activity in Educational Art Institutions", "Scientific Research Activity on the Study and Promotion of the Art of Sidor Vorobkevich and Other Outstanding Artists of Bukovina", "Literature", "Musical Art", "Theatrical Alt', "Fine Arts". The prize is given to the laureates on anniversary day of the Bukovina Viche (November 3).