Promotion of Social Values Among Young People as a Pedagogical Ideology (a Case Study of Russia and Kazakhstan)

In the last place, the respondents placed protest movements as a factor contributing to the progressive development of Kazakhstan. This attitude of the absolute majority of respondents to conflict behavior, the manifestation of mass discontent and group negativism indicates, in our opinion, the absence of marginalized strata among the university community of Kazakhstan, as well as individuals with an increased (inadequate) level of claims (according to experts, these two categories of people mainly take part in protest movements) (Social and protest movements.). We also believe that such a negative attitude towards protest movements is traditionally characteristic of Kazakhstanis, in particular, it is characteristic of the mentality of the titular ethnic group - the Kazakhs.

Fig. 10. Answers of Russian respondents to the question «In your opinion, which of the Listed factors can contribute to the progressive development of Russia in the near future?» (in %)

This statement is not categorical, but rather axiomatic. It is impossible and impractical to give an unambiguous assessment of such complex social phenomena as protest movements. There are a lot of facets, sometimes contradictory trends. Therefore, the results of the answers to this question of the questionnaire can become a starting point for serious scientific research by sociologists.

Table 2. Ranking of factors contributing to the progressive development of Kazakhstan in the near future

Following the general logic of our research, we draw attention to the significant difference in the responses of students and teachers in three positions:

- education of a free personality;

- activities of opposition parties;

- protest movements.

Here, the share of respondents from among students is much higher than the share of teachers. In other words, the younger generation is more likely to believe that the education of a free person is one of the factors of the progressive development of Kazakhstan. In a conversation with several young people, we found out their general understanding of the essence of this concept. As it turned out, our interlocutors clearly understand that there is no absolute freedom of a person, even if they live outside of society (say, somewhere in the jungle, on a desert island). A free person, however, according to young people, is a person who has the opportunity to choose, who does not feel constant fear of possible punishment and obstacles, is aware of and accepts any restrictions and understands the need to comply with the rules and norms that regulate safe relations between people, etc.

We believe that this should form the basis for the interaction of teachers and students in the educational process of the university, and should also be legally enshrined in the internal documents regulating the activities of the university.

Regarding two other positions: the activities of opposition parties and protest movements. Based on numerous studies in the field of protest psychology, we note that the readiness for protest behavior is more characteristic of youth (Psychology of protest behavior...). The reasons, as a rule, lie in the gradual loss of fear, when you are among the constant environment of a large number of similar people. It is no coincidence that experts say that the probability of protests is higher in cities. The rapidly growing penetration of the Internet may also be a decisive factor in the further mobilization of the protest movement (Zakharov, 2013). All this is just typical for the youth environment. With age, the circle of such close and constant communication narrows. Therefore, for people of mature and elderly age, the readiness to protest is observed many times less. At the same time, protest activity in youth is mainly characterized by opposition, which is understood as rivalry, lack of desire to achieve goals, external openness in confrontation and provocative behavior, incitement. This is in contrast to the protest behavior, for example, of adolescents, who are more characterized by escapism - the transition of activity into transformative activity, and in people of mature age, this behavior is based on emancipation - the desire for autonomy, the desire to preserve the stability of the social structure.

Taking into account the above, the low probability of protest behavior of representatives of Kazakhstani universities (11.3 %) can be safely assessed as a positive trend. At the same time, the results of the survey in this aspect should also be taken into account by the management and teachers of universities.

Conclusion

In general, the results of the survey showed a heterogeneous picture of students' involvement in the values of the «Rukhani Zhangyru» program. The majority of students share the Program's ideological message, but at the same time demonstrate detachment from its specific values.

We believe that this is due to the fact that many students perceive the proposed projects as something mandatory not for them, but for other people. A change in the situation can be facilitated by professional support from teachers for the formation of students' social experience to project the ideas of the Program on the personal value system.

Therefore, a detailed analysis of the answers to each question of the questionnaire is completed. social pedagogical student russia kazakhstan

However, the conducted sociological survey was important for us in order to offer more effective mechanisms for promoting the values of «Rukhani Zhangyru». Thus, based on the results of the opinion poll, we decided to develop a Concept for promoting the values of «Rukhani Zhangyru» national program among students.

According to our concept, the goal of promoting the values of the Program at the university is to create the necessary conditions for the involvement of the absolute majority of students and employees of the university in the processes of modernization of public consciousness. As step-by-step actions to achieve this goal, we suggest solving the following tasks:

- analysis, explanation and popularization of the ideas mentioned in «Looking to the Future: modernization of public consciousness» and «Seven Facets of the Great Steppe» articles;

- scientific and methodological interpretation of the historical essence and significance of the ideas of «Rukhani Zhangyru»;

- scientific and methodological support for the implementation of ideas and «Rukhani Zhangyru» program directions;

- introduction of the program foundations of spiritual modernization in the educational and research activities of the university.

To solve these problems, the following provisions are proposed as principles:

1) transition from one-time events to longterm social projects - while maintaining traditional one-time events, the promotion of the values of the «Rukhani Zhangyru» program should be carried out through long-term projects involving the vast majority of students and university staff;

2) access to the external environment - a very wide range of external stakeholders should be involved in the implementation of long-term projects (parents, friends and relatives of students and employees, applicants, domestic and foreign partners of the university, including other educational organizations, industrial enterprises, public organizations, etc.);

3) integration of the values of «Rukhani Zhangyru» in educational programs and research works-synchronization of the content of individual academic disciplines, the topics of theses, master's theses, scientific research of scientists with the ideas of modernization of public consciousness.

The details of the proposed Concept should be reflected in a special document, for example, an Action Plan related to the objectives of the Concept. Therefore, we propose to allocate such sections as:

1) scientific and methodological support for the promotion of the ideas of «Rukhani Zhangyru»;

2) scientific and methodological support for the implementation of the ideas of «Rukhani Zhangyru»;

3) social projects of the university;

4) initiative activities of departments and faculties.

In the first section of the Plan, it is necessary to provide for the implementation of research works of departments and the study of issues of spiritual modernization in the framework of theses and master's theses.

The second section of the Plan should be devoted to the issues of synchronization of the content of individual academic disciplines, primarily social and humanitarian orientation, with the ideas of «Rukhani Zhangyru».

The third section of the Plan involves the implementation of long-term projects in which all students and teachers of the university will participate. The number of such projects depends on the specific conditions of each university.

The fourth section of the Plan should include activities proposed by teachers, student groups, and departments. At the same time, the level of events can vary from the cathedral to the regional level.

In general, the success of the Program depends on the participation of everyone, regardless of age and gender, education and profession, national and religious identity. Here we are talking about spiritual values.

That is why the participation of every student, master's student, doctoral student, teacher and employee in the promotion of the values of «Rukhani Zhangyru» program is very important.

The existence of such a nationwide program as «Rukhani Zhangyru» indicates that modern Kazakh society has realized the need to form a new generation of Kazakhstanis who are attached to the values of spiritual revival. Thanks to this Program, Kazakhstanis received specific strategies for changing their worldview. The mechanisms for implementing the Program should be developed by the academic community, whose participation will ensure the integration of the idea of spiritual revival into the educational and research content of educational programs.

The results of the survey show an insufficient degree of formation of the majority of students of universal spiritual values necessary for life in the 21st century. This means that with sufficient awareness of the provisions of the Program, most students have not made them part of their personal system of values, goals and attitudes.

We believe that it is important to apply conceptual, systematic, and integrated approaches in promoting the Program's ideas. The proposed concept of promoting the Program's values is aimed at universities and provides for step-by-step planning of complex measures. We believe that this conceptual approach will ensure the broad involvement of students in the activities related to the Program and the measurability of the results of participation, for example, writing a final paper, participating in the volunteer movement, visiting sacred places in Kazakhstan, learning the Kazakh language, publishing an article about Kazakhstan in a foreign publication, preparing a film, videos with Kazakh content, etc. In the end, a balanced social portrait of a modern young Kazakhstani should be formed.

Since the «Rukhani Zhangyru» program is built on the basis of historical continuity, it will make it possible to update the centuriesold heritage of the ancestors, making it understandable and in demand in the modern life of the Kazakh society.

Declarations of Ethics Competing interests. On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that all authors have no competing interests.

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