Problems of financial content as a means of forming financial literacy of students in mathematics lessons in primary school

Keywords: financial literacy, school mathematics course, cross-cutting key lines, mathematical problems of financial content.

Thus, the Law "On Education" [5] states that "the purpose of complete general secondary education is the comprehensive development, education and socialization of the individual, capable of living in society and civilized interaction with nature, has a desire for self-improvement and lifelong learning, ready for conscious life choice and self-realization, responsibility, work and civic activity". This goal can be achieved by forming in students vital and key competencies necessary for every modern person for successful self-realization, self-determination, life.

An effective means of forming key competencies in students is to highlight in curricula such cross-cutting lines of key competencies as "Environmental Security and Sustainable Development", "Civic Responsibility", "Health and Safety", "Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy".

One of the key competencies that has become widely relevant and will help solve the "crisis of financial literacy" of both adults and adolescents is "Initiative and Entrepreneurship".

For example, Shawn Mundi, an international financial literacy consultant, sees financial literacy as the knowledge, understanding, skills, motivation and confidence a person needs to make the right financial decisions and act according to specific circumstances [3].

The purpose of the article: to demonstrate the possibility of forming financial literacy of students in mathematics lessons in primary school with the help of financial problems.

Presenting main material. Implementation of the cross-cutting key line "Entrepreneurship and financial literacy" in the educational process of secondary education is aimed at developing students' thrift, resource efficiency, cost planning, stimulating leadership initiatives, ability to operate successfully in a rapidly changing environment, providing students with better understanding of practical aspects of financial aspects. issues (savings, investing, borrowing, insurance, lending, etc.) [2]. This cross-cutting line is directly related to solving practical problems of business planning and real assessment of their own capabilities, drawing up a family budget, forming an economical attitude to natural resources, etc.

The fundamental role in the formation of financial literacy of students is played by the school course of mathematics, in particular primary school. Mathematics as a subject has sufficient potential for the formation and development of students' qualities that are necessary for a person to be successful in modern life.

This is confirmed by the results of one of the largest international PISA studies, which involves 15-year-old students. This study examines the quality of education and covers more than 80 countries, which make up more than 80% of the world economy, determines the level of competencies, ie the ability of adolescents to use knowledge and skills acquired in school, with possible life difficulties and challenges. One of the three competencies assessed by PISA is mathematics: the ability to use mathematics knowledge and skills to overcome a variety of life challenges and problems related to mathematics. According to PISA, 36% of Ukrainian students do not know how to perform basic calculations. The results of the study indicate that Ukrainian 15-year-old students have problems solving problems of grades 5-6 on the calculation of interest and actions with fractions.

PISA tasks are closely related to real life, including finance, but the current number of such tasks in math textbooks for grades 5 -9 is insufficient. Therefore, the educational process in mathematics should be filled with problems of applied content, the solution of which students will contribute to the formation of financial literacy. After all, according to the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science №1336 of 09.12.2021 "On preparation and conduct of the main stage of the international study of the quality of education PISA-2022" this year Ukrainian students will again participate in the international study.

D. Vasilieva [4] in order to form students' financial awareness and development of financial literacy in the process of learning mathematics proposes to consider the following content lines: value of goods and services, family budget, insurance, banking, securities, charity, taxes, etc.

The main task of a mathematics teacher should be to intensify the learning activities of students, in particular through the introduction of mathematical problems of financial content in the educational process in mathematics. Mathematical problems of financial content perform: educational function, because their use is aimed at forming in students a system of knowledge, skills and abilities at different stages of learning; developmental function, because working with them develops the ability to comprehend the meaning of concepts, apply the acquired knowledge in practice, analyze the results, make appropriate generalizations, comparisons and conclusions; educational function, because economic and financial education in mathematics lessons can be carried out primarily through this class of tasks; controlling function as learning tasks.

It is necessary to begin to form financial literacy of pupils in mathematics lessons at the 5th grade in the primary school. In particular, for example, when studying the topic "Natural numbers and actions with them" it is necessary to offer to solve plot problems that contain real data on the calculation of the family budget, the possibility of registration of goods on credit, and so on. In the 6th grade when studying, for example, the topics "Attitudes and proportions. Interest calculations "," Rational numbers and actions with them "students should be asked to solve such problem tasks that will help develop the ability to manage their own and family funds, make decisions in financial transactions, assess credit risks, calculate expected and actual costs and more. In the 7 th grade, when studying the topics "Functions", "Linear equations and their systems" it is necessary to offer to solve plot problems, which are related to the ability to manage their own and family finances, with historical examples of financial problems, etc. In the 8th grade when studying the topics "Rational expressions", "Square roots". Real numbers "," Quadratic equations "students should be asked to solve such plot problems that will help develop the ability to calculate taxes, payments, value of goods, explore and use the relationships of economic phenomena. In the 9th grade, when studying the topics "Inequalities", "Quadratic function", "Numerical sequences", "Fundamentals of combinatorics, probability theory and statistics" should offer tasks for calculating and analyzing the financial capacity of the family, taxes paid, personal decisions. and collective financial issues, etc. The use of applied tasks of financial orientation contributes to a better understanding of the material and forms the ability to use the acquired knowledge in specific situations [1].

In order to form in students in the process of learning mathematics mathematical competence and financial literacy, we propose to consider with students problems related to:

Exercise 2. Chocolate costs 32 hryvnias. On Sunday, the supermarket has a special offer: buying 2 chocolates, the third buyer receives a gift for 1 kopeck. How many chocolates can be bought for 200 hryvnias on Sunday?

Exercise 3. Petryk decided to give Iryna a bouquet of tulips, which cost 27 hryvnias apiece. Petryk has 500 hryvnias. What is the maximum number of tulips Petrik will have enough money, given that the bouquet should be an odd number of flowers?

Exercise 4. A train ticket for an adult costs 530 hryvnias. The cost of a student ticket is 60% of the cost of an adult ticket. How much is a student ticket?

- family budget:

Exercise 1. Mom gives Sasha 200 hryvnias a week for out-of-pocket expenses and travel. Sasha spends 25% of the money received from his mother on the trip. From next month, the fare in transport will increase by 20%. How much should mom give Sasha to keep his out-of-pocket expenses the same as before the rise in transport prices?

- insurance:

Exercise 1. The Doroshenko family consists of three people: a father, a mother and a schoolboy. Last year, the father was ill twice, the mother three times, and the child nine times. Each time they sought help in a private clinic, where they had to visit a doctor three times and take tests twice. The first visit to the doctor costs 660 hryvnias, the second appeal - 510 hryvnias, tests - 300 hryvnias.

- for an adult: 16,200 hryvnias;

- for a child - 19,200 hryvnias.