Reasons for developing vocational education

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Belarusian national technical university

Reasons for developing vocational education

Cui Ziqiang, master student,

Liu Shuhui, master student,

Romanova A.M., master student

Minsk, Republic оf Belarus

Abstract

Developing vocational education, accelerating the cultivation of professional and technical talents, focusing on the improvement of the quality of workers, and increasing the employment rate of workers are of great significance to the development of the country's industrialization path. Vocational education has not only educational attributes but also economic attributes, and its economic status will be shown more and more. Vocational education will become an indispensable part of the education system and an important cornerstone of social progress and national economic development.

Keywords: vocational education, pre-employment training, human resource development, importance.

Аннотация

Причины развития профессионального образования

Цуй Цзыцян, Лю Шухуэй, Романова А.М., студенты магистратуры, Белорусский национальный технический университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Развитие профессионального образования, ускорение выращивания профессиональных и технических талантов, сосредоточение внимания на улучшении качества рабочих и повышение уровня занятости рабочих имеют большое значение для развития пути индустриализации страны. Профессиональное образование имеет не только образовательные, но и экономические атрибуты, и его экономический статус будет проявляться все больше и больше. Профессиональное образование станет незаменимой частью системы образования и важным краеугольным камнем социального прогресса и национального экономического развития.

Ключевые слова: профессиональное образование, подготовка перед трудоустройством, развитие человеческих ресурсов, важность.

Introduction

Vocational education refers to the educational activities implemented to enable the educated to have the professional ethics, scientific culture, professional knowledge, technical skills and other comprehensive qualities required for a certain occupation or professional development. Vocational education and general education are different types of education and have equal importance. They are an important part of the national education system and human resource development. They are an important way to cultivate diverse talents, inherit technical skills, and promote employment and entrepreneurship.

Vocational education includes vocational school education and vocational training. Vocational school education is academic education, which is divided into secondary and higher vocational school education. Vocational training is non-academic education, including pre-employment training, apprenticeship training, on-the-job training, reemployment training, entrepreneurial training and other vocational training [1].

The purpose of vocational education is to cultivate applied talents and socialist workers and socialist builders with a certain cultural level and professional knowledge and skills. Compared with general education and adult education, vocational education focuses on the cultivation of practical skills and practical work ability.

The importance of vocational education in developed countries

economic social vocational education employment worker

In the United States, the National Defense Education Act passed in 1958 identified the importance of vocational education and affirmed the significance and role of vocational education in national development, and clearly stated that "the government will provide financial and other support for vocational education. On September 26, 2011, the Obama administration allocated $500 million in grants to community colleges across the United States to target vocational training and workforce development to help increase employment rates. Obama said "the United States will strive to achieve the highest percentage of college graduates in the world by 2020". The basic direction of vocational education in the UK is the "new vocationalism". The integration of vocational education into mainstream education has changed the traditional orientation of vocational education to the academically unsuccessful and economically underprivileged. One of the main goals of the new vocationalism is to build a new vocational education system that produces flexible, cooperative, highly skilled and qualified people. In the United Kingdom, it is widely believed that the extent of vocational education should become a new criterion for evaluating the economic success of a country. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of vocational education, the British government and the education sector have taken a series of reform measures. For example, to enhance the flexibility and applicability of the curriculum, according to the form and trend of domestic and international economic development, constantly adjust the professional catalog of vocational education, broaden the professional direction, etc.. So that vocational education can adapt to the needs of economic and social development to the maximum extent. In Switzerland, vocational education is not a place for "underachievers". It is an important link in the national economic chain, and vocational students are respected by society and welcomed by enterprises. The Swiss are taught from an early age that "an able-bodied person must be skilled". The Swiss believe that vocational education is not about training workers who can only perform skilled trades and simple tasks, but is an important field for the development of highly qualified, highly skilled and innovative personnel [2].

Why development of vocational education is so important? The first reason is the need for national economic construction and development. We need a large number of junior and middle-level specialized personnel in various fields, and a large number of high-quality laborers. This requires our education to cultivate and train. The second reason is the needs of national and social development. Vocational education is education for the broadest masses of the people, and it is also a type of education that everyone faces the need to receive education for life. Among these students receiving vocational education, according to our understanding and statistics, most of them are students from rural and urban families with financial difficulties. How to seek a way out for such a group of family children is a responsibility we should do as a government and as an education. To run this education well, it involves social equity. The third reason is the need for the development of education itself. Take China as an example, we all know that over the past 30 years of China's reform and opening up, especially since the beginning of the new century, Chinese education has made great achievements, achieving two major leaps and one breakthrough. The so-called "two major leaps", the first leap That is, China has achieved universal nine-year compulsory education, and the second leap, China's higher education has entered the stage of popularization [3].

The development of vocational education should focus on practicability and skills, highlight the new characteristics of vocational education, and meet the needs of the market economy.

To strengthen extensive publicity and expand the influence of vocational education in the society it is necessary to run the following operations:

1) to publicize vocational education through the news media, so that parents can eliminate their concerns ideologically and understand the meaning of vocational education;

2) to develop certain professional knowledge, skills and technology by means of educational process;

3) to understand the needs of the masses, to help them correctly analyze the current social development situation and the needs of the future society for a variety of skilled talents, and to let parents understand the current school-running model of our school;

4) to solve the problems for the people, letting the children put down their ideological burdens and devote themselves to professional study and life with confidence [2].

To establish a training model with the orientation of employment, schools should organize special human and financial resources (1) to increase investment in employment, (2) to keep abreast of market information, (3) to grasp the latest trends in the market, (4) to establish a one-stop training model for supply and demand, and (4) to adjust professional settings in a timely manner according to market needs. Order training, according to the advantages of the region and the school, form the regional brand and the backbone of the school through: 1) regular arrangement of school students to go out to visit enterprises; 2) conduction of shortterm internships based on the theories they have learned, so that students can understand the true value of the skills they have learned, so as to inspire them to continue to study hard and have a firmer belief in their choices [3].

In practice improvement and development of activities, according to the characteristics of students in higher vocational colleges, starts from the needs of students' own development, focuses on the exercise and improvement of professional skills, and extensively carries out some skills, operability, and intelligence competitions activity.

Vocational education has developed rapidly, the system construction has been steadily advanced, and a large number of intermediate and senior skilled talents have been trained and trained, which has made important contributions to improving the quality of laborers, promoting economic and social development, and promoting employment. At the same time, we must also see that the current vocational education cannot fully meet the needs of economic and social development, the structure is not reasonable, the quality needs to be improved, the conditions for running schools are weak, and the system and mechanism are not smooth. Accelerating the development of modern vocational education is of great significance for the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, creating greater talent dividends, accelerating the transformation of methods, adjusting the structure, and promoting upgrading.

References / Список литературы

1. Li Hong. Talking about the current situation and competitiveness of vocational education in China [J]. Journal of Science and Education, 2012. 10:17.

2. Li Shujuan. Research on the application strategy of modern education technology in the teaching reform of higher vocational education [J]. Higher Vocational Education, 2012.4:157-158.

3. Shan Jiaping. New initiatives of vocational education in Britain and its reference [J]. China Adult Education, 2007. 10:110-111.

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