Personal and Individual world of Vikenty Shandor

Володимир Коцюк

Розвиток вітчизняної історичної науки на сучасному етапі потребує створення сучасних історичних портертів цілих династій визначних науковцв чи відомих українських діячів у контпексті історично-культурного розвитку української громади в місцях осідку, з яким повязано життя та діяльність членів родини, тобто створення узагальнюючих праць про роль і місце історичних особистостей в історично-культурній спадщині українського народу, що покликані не ліше систематизувати й належним чином репрезентувати визначні постаті, а й цілі династії. Стаття присвячена особі Вікентія Шандора - доктор аправа, визначного державницько-політичного і суспільно- культурного діяча Закарпаття ХХ ст., представника уряду Карпатської України при Чехословацькому уряді в Празі, почесного члена Закарпатського крайового культурно-освітнього Товариства «Просвіта», співзасновника і довголітнього голови Карпатського Союзу, адмінітсративного дитектора секретаріату ПАУК, заступника голови Виконногооргану ДЦ УНР, члена публікаційно-інформаційної комісії УККА, дійсного члена НТШ і Товариства українських правників в США, професора Українського технічного інституту (Нью-Йорк), члена секретаріату ООН з питань словянських країн, автора історії Закарпаття, споминів і більше сотні наукових статей і розвідок на правничо- політичні та історичні теми, редактора «Правничого вісника», почесного доктора Ужгородськоого національного університету. Вказано на ролі родини та оточення у формуванні особистості Вікентія Шандора та їх впливі на життєвий шлях. Доведено, що створення просопографічних портертів видатних українців і українських родин є досить важливою складовою відтворення загального процесу творення історії та культури України. Адже їх спадщина потребує обєктивної оцінки та встановлення їх ролі в історії та розвитку культури українського народу.

Key words: Vikentiy Shandor, scientist, lawyer, public figure, politician, public figure, Ukraine, USA vikentiy shandor scientist lawyer

Creating social portraits of prominent Ukrainian families is a very important part of the reproduction of the overall process of creating a history and culture of Ukraine, in the «history of which, as in the history of the state, every nation has its own light and shadows, and figures are clear and dark, there knighted and nothingness»[1].

Among the generic Ukrainian elite, the prominent place belongs to the Ukrainian family of Sitsinskii-Chekhov-Sichinsky-Shandor [2], which included many well-known personalities who entered a bright page in the history and culture of Ukraine. Although the recognition of the merits of the majority of members of the glorious family, which, as the famous art historian Demian Gornytkevich wrote, «reac hes us already to dynastic dignity, such as the well-deserved families of Chikalens, Drahomanovs-Kosach, Krichevsky» [5, p.46], before the Ukrainian society took place in historiography even during their life, but then a good memory of them was a thorny path of affirmation in the coming generations.

By expanding the personal and individual potential of a talented lawyer, scholar and publicist, a prominent socio-political and socio-cultural figure, a true Ukrainian patriot Vikentiy Shandor (*12.10.1907 - *^11.08.2003) [9, p.228; 14], it is worth noting, that he was born in the village of Baranyntsi near Uzhgorod in the family of rural elderly Ivan Shandor and Maria Petrus [11; 13, p. 112; 18].

His «genus always lived in Baranyntsi: all of his grandfather and great-grandfather were Greek Catholics, Rusyns, and no one in the family changed his name» [11].

After the end of the First World War, people began to say that «schools should be Russian, but there were not enough teachers». Therefore, V. Shandor went to Uzhhorod, where he bought «at the printing - house» Unio "bookstore Bukvar about. Voloshin from 1907 and «began to learn Russian from him», along with him studied his school teacher [13, p.2], with whom he had even a conflict because of the attitude towards «dialects between representatives of Ukrainian and Russian orientation» [12].

His father was a delegate to the National Congress of Rusyns (Khust Congress) on January 21, 1919, in Khust, where he voted for the reunification of the region in the commune of Ukraine [11; 13, p.112].

Having graduated from the village school in 1921, Vikentiy entered the Russian civil parish school in Uzhgorod. After her graduation she entered Uzhgorod Teachers' Seminary, but «on the second day of study had a conflict with the teacher-Moskvofil» and therefore left school [13, p.113].

A few days later, with the assistance of a friend from the town peasant, he entered the Uzhgorod Trade Academy (1923-1925), which was subsequently transferred to Mukachevo (1925-1927) [8; 11; 13, p.113; 18]. Training at the academy, which was «the main center of the Ukrainian spirit in the city» [13, p. 113], «became a very important stage» in the formation of his national consciousness [16, p.60].

Teacher of the academy, in particular, and Podillya dweller, «a brilliant teacher, a man of exceptional accuracy, businesslikeness, virtue and modesty», «according to the grace of God» [16, p.51], Olexa Prykhodko [11; 13, p.112], «a grain of love for the Ukrainian language and literature, history and culture of the Ukrainian people were buried in his heart» [11]. In 1925 -1926, while still studying at a trade academy, he began his cultural work [13, p.113], in particular, organizes youth in his native village [16, p.52], becomes an active member of the local «Prosvita» and co -organizer «Native niva» in Mukachevo[16, p.60].

After graduating from the trade academy, he worked at the Subcarpathian Bank in Uzhgorod (19271928) [8; 11; 18], where the specialist Bank of M. Novakivsky made a special impact on him, who taught Vikentiy «political writing, political reason». According to his instructions, V. S handor in 1929 - in the early 1930's. Every Saturday and every week he traveled «in villages, combining the propaganda of the ideas of Prosvita» Society with campaigning for the Subcarpathian Bank [13, p.113].

Later, his wife Oksana recalled how he was in a time free from his main work with «his comrades - like-minded people traversing the villages of Transcarpathia on the rovers» and «laid the Ukrainian "Prosvita"» [7; 10, p.173; 11].

During 1928-1931, V. Shandor was in military service in the Czech army, first he went to the Kosice Officer School, later he studied in Prague, trained in Uzhgorod, had a number of conflicts on the national soil from which the winner emerged, and eventually becoming an officer, having received the rank of the guarantor [8; 11; 13, p.113; 18].

In 1930 he returned to the Subcarpathian Bank and continued active educational activities, for which he was accused of anti-state activities, but after a long litigation, he was acquitted. The Czech government drew attention to the young politician and invited him to join the ruling Czech Agricultural Party, but V. Shandor did not agree because of its anti-Ukrainian policy [13, p.113].

Having completed his physical examination in a gymnasium, he studied law at Karlovo University in Prague in 1930-1935, but only in 1939 he received the title of Doctor of Law [8; 11; 18], because the authorities failed him on the exam on a higher law diploma education [13, p.113].

In the 30's of the twentieth century. was elected chairman of the Union of Subcarpathian high- school students in Prague, worked at the Zemsky Bank in Bratislava (1935-1945, with a five-month break in 1938-1939). Following the Czechoslovak Republic's adoption on November 22, 1938, of a separate law on Subcarpathian Rus' (Carpatho-Ukraine) as a federal state education, it was an official representative of the Government of the Carpathian Ukraine in the rank of diplomatic representative under the government of Czechoslovakia in Prague (1938-1939) [8; 11; 18] and played a prominent role in the creation of Carpatho-Ukraine as a state [9, p.228].

He was a member of the State Economic Council, established in December 1938 under the Presidium of the Government in Prague as an advisory body to the Government of the Czechoslovak Republic on economic, social and financial problems [11].

A great deal of work was done by the «Czech -Ukrainian Society» and the Czech-language weekly «Karpato-Ukrainian Freedom» [11; 18], organizing radio programs on Carpatho -Ukraine, facilitating the arrival of foreign journalists to Khust [13, p.114], cooperating with the «Ukrainian Society engineers» and the Ukrainian colony society [15, p.26].

On May 4, 1945, V. Shandor, along with his parents' bride Oksana Sichynska, departed from Prague to the refugee camp in Plzen in the American zone [6, ark.2; 13, p.116]. Soon he moved to the camp of displaced persons near Ansbach (Bayern) [6, ark.3], where he married on December 18, 1945. In January 1946 he moved with his wife to Frankfurt [6, ark.3, 15, p.205], where was born son Ivan (*26.09.1946) [15, p.220].

In 1945-1947 he studied economic sciences at the university. Johann Wolfgang Goethe in Frankfurt (Germany) [8; 11; 15, p.208] and studied English in a private way [15, p. 214].

In August 1947, he and his family emigrated to the United States [15, p.210], where he settled in Elizabeth. At the end of 1949 he moved with his family in Paterson city [6, ark.4], where Bohdan's son was born (*May 21, 1952) [6, ark.5].

In 1953-1954 he studied political science at Columbia University (New York) [8; 11]. In 1980, Shandori bought a small hut in Edison, «in the area where Bohdan's son and his family still lives» [6, ark.5].

In the United States, he carried out extremely fruitful socio-political and public work in the Ukrainian community, in particular, from 1948 to 1961 he was the Administrative Director of the Secretariat of the Pan-American Ukrainian Conference, in 1948-1960, a member of the publication and information commission of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, in In 1949, he became the initiator, co-founder and long-time chairman of the All-American Society of the Carpathian Union of America, from the 1950s, a member of the Society of Ukrainian Lawyers in New York and editing the «Legal Bulletin»; in 1959-1972 he worked in the Department of the Fin Nsv, since 1989, is headed by the Assistance Committee of the Carpathian Union to them. Major of UPA Ivan Shpontak. As a qualified economist, lawyer and political scientist and expert in a number of European languages, he was a member of the United Nations Secretariat in New York for Slavic countries, including the USSR, for several years, from 1985 to 1989. - Deputy Chairman The law enforcement body (the government - A. T.) of the UNRad of the State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the exile [8; 9, p.228; 11; 14; 18]. In 1953 he received US citizenship.

Having three professional education (jurisprudence, economics, political science), a considerable part devoted to scientific work. In 1953-1957 he taught international law and political science at the Ukrainian Technical Institute (New York), from the 1970's on the basis of numerous reports, over hundreds of scientific and journalistic articles and intelligence in many languages on the legal-political themes, individual works and monographs on the history of Transcarpathia, became a correspondent member of the NTSh, for some time was the deputy chairman of the NTSh. His knowledge of nine languages (English, Bulgarian, German, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Hungarian, Ukrainian, Czech) contributed to the active research work, which gave him the opportunity to use in his works a fairly «broad literature accessible to a few scholars» [8; 9, p.228; 11].

For a significant contribution to the study of the history of Transcarpathia, a fruitful socio-political activity during the 30's and 90's of the XX century. Viktoria Sandor was elected an honorary member of the Transcarpathian Regional Educational Society «Prosvita», an ho norary doctor of law and political science of the Uzhgorod National University, and in 2000 he was awarded the Regional Prosvita Prize. Augustine Voloshina [9, p.228; 11; 17; 18].

The wife of Oksana, the daughter of a famous Ukrainian art historian Volodymyr Sichynsky, «helped a man in his scientific and social work» [11]. He met with his future wife on June 21, 1939, during the defense of a lawyer's diploma [15, p.74]. Their meeting has become an impetus for almost 60-year-old married life [8].

«The last of the Mohicans, among the great figures of the history of Transcarpathia of the twentieth century», the last member of the Carpathian Ukraine Viktorenty Shandor, who, with his «ascetic labor, glorified his native Transcarpathia and the whole of Ukraine», died at 96 years of life on August 11, 2003 [4; 9, p.228; 11; 18] in the American city of Somerset (state of New Jersey) [3]. He was buried in the cemetery at the Church of St-Monument. Andrew in the town of South Bounty Brook [4].

The scientific novelty of the results obtained is that for the first time, the personality and individual potential of a member of the famous Ukrainian family of Sitsinsky-Chekhov-Sichinsky-Shandorov, a well-known lawyer and cultural and public figure of the Ukrainian Diaspora, Vikentiy Shandora who lived in Ukraine and believed in her better future.

The concrete theoretical and practical significance of the results obtained is that they are part of the dissertation research and enable the creation of a holistic social portrait of the glorious Ukrainian dynasty of the Sitsinsky-Chekhov-Sichinsky-Shandor dynasty, whose members, with their daily work, took care that Ukraine became a free and powerful state, devoting itself entirely to serving Ukraine and its people. Returning to Ukraine the names of members of this famous dynasty family is impossible without studying and analyzing the entire multi-faceted heritage of each individual member of the family, understanding his multidimensional activity and creative heritage.

Approbation. The article is submitted for the first time and has never been published anywhere.

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