Physical education in us universities in the context of experience formation

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V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolai

PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN US UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF EXPERIENCE FORMATION

Leleka Vitalii Mykolayovych

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences,

associate professor of the

Department of Physical Culture and Sports

Abstract

physical education university experience

The article reveals the priorities of physical education in US universities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of physical education in US universities in the context of experience formation. American experts in the field of physical culture and sports believe that student sports have historically been the main source of the spread of higher achievements in sports, and now it is the nurturing environment for all mass physical activity in the country. One of the main motives for the sports improvement of athletes is the desire to receive financial support (sports scholarship) or to provide the most favorable conditions for admission to a higher educational institution.

It is noted that physical education, sports and various activities of the participants of sports programs contribute to increasing the motivation of students to study and have a positive effect on their success. The importance of extracurricular activities on university campuses is revealed. Over the years, the basic physical education programs have undergone changes related to the content of the main course and its main sections, as well as issues of organization of physical education of students and control of their level of physical fitness.

It has been studied that student youth studying at universities form the basis of the country's amateur and national national teams. Teams of professional and semi-professional leagues are replenished at the expense of student-athletes. In the USA, a system of selecting the strongest student athletes for professional league teams has been developed and implemented. According to the existing traditions of American society, the enrollment of student-athletes on a professional sports team is the pinnacle of an athletic career. However, US student sports have been engulfed in serious contradictions that threaten the entire system of organization and development of sports in colleges and universities. These contradictions are not the result of the US education system in recent years.

Keywords: student youth, peculiarities of physical education, theoretical basis, optional classes, educational institutions.

Анотація

Лелека Віталій Миколайович кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент кафедри фізичної культури та спорту, Миколаївський національний університет імені В.О. Сухомлинського

ФІЗИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США В КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДОСВІДУ

У статті розкрито пріоритети фізичного виховання в університетах США. Метою статті є обґрунтування особливостей фізичного виховання в університетах США в контексті формування досвіду. Американські фахівці в галузі фізичної культури і спорту вважають, що студентський спорт історично є головним джерелом поширення вищих досягнень у спорті, а зараз - живильним середовищем всієї фізкультурномасової діяльності в країні. Одним із основних мотивів спортивного вдосконалення здобувачів-спортсменів є прагнення отримати фінансову підтримку (спортивну стипендію) або забезпечити найбільш сприятливі умови для вступу до вищого навчального заклад.

Зазначено, що фізичне виховання, спорт і різна діяльність учасників спортивних програм сприяють збільшенню мотивації студентів до навчання та позитивно позначаються на їх успішності. Розкрито важливість позакласних заходів у кампусах університетів. Протягом багатьох років базові програми з фізичного виховання зазнавали змін, що стосуються змісту основного курсу і його основних розділів, а також питань організації фізичного виховання студентів і контролю рівня їх фізичної підготовленості.

Досліджено, що студентська молодь, яка навчається в університетах, становить основу аматорських та національних збірних команд країни. Команди професійних і напівпрофесійних ліг поповнюються за рахунок студентівспортсменів. У США розроблена і впроваджена система відбору найсильніших спортсменів-студентів у команди професійних ліг. Відповідно до існуючих традицій американського суспільства, зарахування студентів-спортсменів у професійну команду з виду спорту є вершиною спортивної кар'єри. Однак, студентський спорт США охопили серйозні протиріччя, що ставлять під загрозу всю систему організації та розвитку спорту в коледжах і вишах. Ці протиріччя не є результатом освітньої системи США останніх років.

Ключові слова: студентська молодь, особливості фізичного виховання, теоретична база, факультативні заняття, заклади освіти.

Formulation of the problem

Today, one of the primary problems of progressive humanity is the formation of a harmonious personality, which has a high level of development of spiritual, intellectual and physical abilities. Strengthening the health of schoolchildren in Ukraine is considered the most important task facing modern society, because more than 80% of them have health problems.

Analysis of recent research and publications

Such domestic scientists as S. Medynskyi, I. Maksimenko, N. Adamskyi, A. Zaitsev, V. Mudrik, I. Mudrik, S. Oparin and others.

The social need for physical education of the individual is based on the following legislative documents: the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine "On Education", "On Physical Culture and Sports" and other legislative acts of the state. Physical education in the education system is carried out in accordance with the laws of Ukraine "On education", "On physical culture and sports" in all types of educational, educational and educational institutions, regardless of ownership. In this regard, the application of world experience in the organization of physical education of education seekers in Ukraine is becoming extremely relevant [1 - 4].

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of physical education in US universities in the context of experience formation.

Presenting main material

Physical education in the USA has a complex and interesting history, in the process of which it entered the pedagogical practice forever and received scientific and practical justification. Over the past forty years, physical education in the United States of America has gone through an intensive path of formation and reformation and currently represents one of the most successful and effective systems. The significant importance of physical education, as one of the most important areas of education, is explained by quite serious support from the state [2, 4].

The general features of physical education in US universities include the following (Table 1):

harmonious combination of study and leisure of students;

financial support for physical development of students;

a developed system of optional and recreational classes;

commercialization and professionalism of student sports.

American experts in the field of physical culture and sports believe that student sports have historically been the main source of the spread of higher achievements in sports, and now it is the nurturing environment for all mass physical activity in the country. It is common knowledge that secondary schools in many respects follow the example of higher education institutions in their activities. To a greater extent, this applies to the field of sports. One of the main motives for the sports improvement of athletes is the desire to receive financial support (sports scholarship) or to provide the most favorable conditions for admission to a higher educational institution [3, 4].

Table 1

Priorities of physical education in US universities

Administrations of universities and colleges in the USA skillfully combine studies and leisure time of students. In this regard, various wellness programs for students, teachers and service personnel have become widespread in the higher education institutions. Due to the fact that each higher education institution independently develops educational programs for physical education, they have differences in sports traditions; specifics of specialties; material base; in choosing popular sports, etc. Over the years, the basic physical education programs have undergone changes related to the content of the main course and its main sections, as well as issues of organization of physical education of students and control of their level of physical fitness. In 1959, 9 out of 10 US universities and colleges required students to take a Physical Education course. Today, only every 6 out of 10 educational institutions consider physical education as a compulsory subject necessary for optional development [2, 3].

Sports and education are closely intertwined in American society because sports are important to the school, parents, and students. It should be noted that the universities and colleges of the USA have great autonomy in choosing the organizational structure of physical education and sports, including in the development of the content of programs, educational courses and the schedule of classes.

Student youth studying at universities form the basis of the country's amateur and national national teams. Teams of professional and semi-professional leagues are replenished at the expense of student-athletes. In the USA, a system of selecting the strongest student athletes for professional league teams has been developed and implemented. According to the existing traditions of American society, the enrollment of student-athletes in a professional sports team is the pinnacle of an athletic career [3, 4].

Extracurricular sports or electives provide opportunities to play soccer, tennis, baseball, softball, volleyball, soccer, basketball, and other sports at the beginner, intermediate, and competitive levels. Activities are offered at different skill levels to encourage participation, regardless of skill. It can also include other components of physical activity, including dancing, fitness or physically active games. The result of this type of activity is: an increase in physical activity; improved physical training; reducing the level of obesity; increasing success in educational activities [1, 3].

The system of optional and recreational classes at the university is implemented in practice as follows. The student fills out an application form, in which he indicates the chosen sports, the teacher, and the desired class time. The service department of the department or center selects a program of classes convenient for each student and offers the necessary conditions for its implementation. Assessment of the level of physical fitness of students based on the results of mastering the basic programs also differs in different universities [3].

Student sports in the USA have been engulfed in serious contradictions that threaten the entire system of organization and development of sports in colleges and universities. Student sports from the moment of its organizational development (actually simultaneously with the creation of the NCAA on March 31, 1906) began to move away from amateur sports. And the point is not that the NCAA succeeded in maintaining sports discipline on playgrounds and in regulating the rules of student sports competitions, but that the organizational formation of an independent structure in the field of sports determined increased requirements for sports programs, the result of which was a single the criterion is a sports result. And hence - increased requirements for athletes (selective selection), coaching staff (inviting specialists from professional sports), for the development of the sports material and technical base, which finally, after 10 years, allowed us to analyze the features of professionalism in student sports [3, 4].

These contradictions are not the result of the US education system in recent years. Analysis of literary sources and documentary data shows that it has existed for about a century. Although sports are taken quite seriously in many colleges, the desire to make money from the competitive activities of students sometimes violates the integrity of the educational process. In 1990, the "knight's commission on problems of intercollegiate sports" was created in order to control the processes carried out in university sports. In view of the above, the following features of physical education in US universities can be distinguished: a harmonious combination of study and leisure of students; financial support for physical development of students; a developed system of optional and recreational classes; commercialization and professionalism of student sports [1, 2].

Conclusion

Thus, when analyzing the peculiarities of physical education in US universities, it is worth taking into account the fact that the USA has accumulated a huge amount of experience in the field of physical education. The conducted research and taking into account the positive experience of the USA will contribute to the study of new approaches and ways of improving the existing system of physical education in Ukraine. Therefore, a thorough study of this issue will contribute to the solution of existing problems, because the modern system of physical education needs improvement and the introduction of the latest methods and approaches.

References

1. Fullan R. (2000). Change forces with a Vengeance-Routledge Farmer, Taylor and Francis Group [Change forces with a Vengeance-Routledge Farmer, Taylor and Francis Group]. London and New York, 260 [in English].

2. Maxcy J. G. The NCAA and University Sports in America [The NCAA and University Sports in America]: Governance to Maximize Economic Value. Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. URL: http: //ssrn.com/abtract=2405242 [in English].

3. Ministerstvo molodi ta sportu Ukrainy: Masovyi sport [Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine: Mass sport]. Mizhnarodnyi dosvid. Retrieved from: http://dsmsu.gov.ua/index/ua/ category/61 [in Ukrainian].

4. Zakon Ukrainy "Pro fizychnu kulturu i sportu" [Law of Ukraine "On Physical Culture and Sports"]. Retrieved from: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3808(12 [in Ukrainian].

Література

1. Fullan R., Change forces with a Vengeance-Routledge Farmer, Taylor and Francis Group. London and New York, 2000. 260 p.

2. Maxcy J. G. The NCAA and University Sports in America: Governance to Maximize Economic Value. Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. URL: http://ssrn.com/ abtract=2405242

3. Закон України "Про фізичну культуру і спорту" [Електронний ресурс]. Режим доступу: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3808(12

4. Міністерство молоді та спорту України: Масовий спорт. Міжнародний досвід [Електронний ресурс]. Режим доступу: http://dsmsu.gov.ua/index/ua/category/61

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