ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà óìîâ ³ãðîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ó êîíòåêñò³ âèâ÷åííÿ ôàêòîð³â ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ ãðàâö³â ó â³äåî³ãðè

Âïëèâ ðåãóëÿðíîãî çàíÿòòÿ êîìï’þòåðíèìè ³ãðàìè íà çäîðîâ'ÿ ìîëîä³. Äîñë³äæåííÿ óìîâ ³ãðîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ òà âèä³ëåííÿ øê³äëèâèõ ôàêòîð³â äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â. Àíàë³ç ô³çè÷íèõ, ïñèõîëîã³÷íèõ òà ñîö³àëüíèõ ÷èííèê³â ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ’ÿ ãðàâö³â.

Ðóáðèêà Ïåäàãîãèêà
Âèä ñòàòüÿ
ßçûê óêðàèíñêèé
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ 03.09.2024
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Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

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Õàðê³âñüêà äåðæàâíà àêàäåì³ÿ ô³çè÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè

ó㳺í³÷íà îö³íêà óìîâ ³ãðîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ó êîíòåêñò³ âèâ÷åííÿ ôàêòîð³â ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ãðàâö³â ó â³äåî³ãðè

Ïîäð³ãàëî Ë.Â., ä.ì.í., ïðîôåñîð

Ïÿòèñîöüêà Ñ.Ñ., ê.í. ô-â ñ., äîöåíò

Æåðíîâí³êîâà ß.Â., ê.ï.í., äîöåíò

Ïîëòîðàöüêà Ã.Ñ., ñòóäåíòêà

ì. Õàðê³â

Àíîòàö³ÿ

Ó ñòàòò³ ïðîâåäåíî äîñë³äæåííÿ âïëèâó ðåãóëÿðíîãî çàíÿòòÿ êîìï'þòåðíèìè ³ãðàìè íà çäîðîâ'ÿ ìîëîä³. Ðåçóëüòàòè îïèòóâàííÿ ïîêàçàëè, ùî ãðàâö³ ñòèêàþòüñÿ ç ïðîáëåìàìè îïîðíî-ðóõîâîãî àïàðàòó òà çîðîâîãî àíàë³çàòîðó, âêëþ÷àþ÷è á³ëü ó ì'ÿçàõ, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, îí³ì³ííÿ òà ñïàçìè. Àíàë³ç ïñèõîô³ç³îëîã³÷íèõ òà ñîö³àëüíèõ àñïåêò³â âèÿâèâ, ùî ê³áåðñïîðòñìåíè ñòèêàþòüñÿ íå ëèøå ³ç ô³çè÷íèìè ïðîáëåìàìè, àëå é ³ç ïñèõ³÷íèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì. Âèÿâëåíî ïñèõîëîã³÷í³ ïðîáëåìè, òàê³ ÿê çíèæåííÿ íàñòðîþ, òðèâîãà òà äðàò³âëèâ³ñòü. Àâòîðè ³äåíòèô³êóâàëè îñíîâí³ ÷èííèêè ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â, âêëþ÷àþ÷è âèñîêó êðàòí³ñòü òà òðèâàë³ñòü ãðè, îçíàêè çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä êîìï'þòåð³â, â³äñóòí³ñòü ñïåö³àëüíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ òà ìåáë³â, âæèâàííÿ ñòèìóëþþ÷èõ ðå÷îâèí ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè, ã³ïîäèíàì³þ òà ïîðóøåííÿ ðåæèìó ñíó. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ï³äêðåñëþº âàæëèâ³ñòü ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â òà óñâ³äîìëåííÿ ðèçèê³â äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ñåðåä ãðàâö³â ó êîìï'þòåðí³ ³ãðè.

Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ê³áåðñïîðò, çäîðîâ'ÿ, ãðàâö³, êîìï'þòåðí³ ³ãðè

Annotation

Podrigalo L., Piatysotska S., Zhernovnikova Y., Poltoratska H. Hygienic assessment of gaming conditions in the context of studying health risk factors for video game players

The article investigates the impact of regular engagement in computer games on the health of young individuals. Survey results indicate that players encounter issues with the musculoskeletal system and visual analyzer, including muscle pain, headaches, numbness, and spasms. An analysis of psychophysiological and social aspects reveals that esports athletes face not only physical problems but also psychological stress. Identified psychological issues include mood decline, anxiety, and irritability. The authors identify key health risk factors for esports athletes, such as high gaming frequency and duration, signs of computer dependency, lack of specialized equipment and furniture, consumption of stimulating substances during gaming, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep disturbances.

The research underscores the importance of preventive measures and raising awareness of health risks among computer game players. The findings emphasize the ne ed for a comprehensive approach to the well-being of this demographic, addressing both physical and mental aspects. The study contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges associated with regular computer gaming, providing a foundation for developing strategies to mitigate potential health risks. Implementing preventive measures and fostering an understanding of the risks involved are crucial for promoting the health and well-being of individuals engaged in computer gaming activities.

Key words: esports, health, gamers, computer games

Ïîñòàíîâêà ïðîáëåìè

Çíà÷íå ïîøèðåííÿ â³äåî³ãîð ñåðåä ï³äë³òê³â òà ìîëîä³ çóìîâèëî ïîÿâó êîíòèíãåíòó àêòèâíèõ ãðàâö³â (ãåéìåð³â), ÿê³ ïîñò³éíî ïðèä³ëÿþòü çíà÷íó ê³ëüê³ñòü ÷àñó ³ãðîâ³é ä³ÿëüíîñò³. ²ãðîâèé ñòàæ òàêèõ ãðàâö³â âàð³þºòüñÿ â³ä ê³ëüêîõ ðîê³â äî 10-15 ðîê³â, â á³ëüøîñò³ âèïàäê³â âîíè ãðàþòü ùîäíÿ ó â³ëüíèé ÷àñ â³ä íàâ÷àííÿ, ðîáîòè, òîùî. Òàêà òðèâàëà âçàºìîä³ÿ ³ç ìóëüòèìåä³éíèìè ïðèñòðîÿìè ñóòòºâî âïëèâຠíà îðãàí³çì, ïðèâîäÿ÷è äî ïîñòóïîâîãî ôîðìóâàííÿ äîíîçîëîã³÷íèõ ðîçëàä³â çäîðîâ'ÿ. Îö³íêà ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ àñïåêò³â â³äåî³ãîð ñòຠíåîáõ³äíîþ äëÿ ³äåíòèô³êàö³¿ ïîòåíö³éíèõ íåãàòèâíèõ âïëèâ³â íà çäîðîâ'ÿ òà ðîçðîáêè ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî çìåíøåííÿ ðèçèê³â, ïîâ'ÿçàíèõ ç ³ãðîâîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ.

Àíàë³ç ë³òåðàòóðíèõ äæåðåë. Âîäíî÷àñ, áóðõëèâèé ðîçâèòîê ³íäóñò𳿠êîìï'þòåðíèõ ³ãîð ïàðàëåëüíî ³ç óäîñêîíàëåííÿì ïðèñòðî¿â äëÿ ¿õ åêñïëóàòàö³¿ ïðèçâåëè äî ïîÿâè ñïåö³àëüíîãî âèäó ñïîðòó, ÿêèé îòðèìàâ íàçâó «ê³áåðñïîðò», «e-sport».

Ó âñüîìó ñâ³ò³ ê³áåðñïîðò âñå á³ëüøå âèçíàºòüñÿ ÿê çìàãàëüíà ñïîðòèâíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ó ð³çíèõ êîíòåêñòàõ. Yin et al. çàçíà÷àº, ùî ãðà òà çìàãàííÿ ó â³äåî³ãðàõ ³ãðàõ ìàþòü çíà÷í³ íàñë³äêè äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ãðàâö³â. ³äñóòí³ñòü äîâãîòðèâàëèõ äîñë³äæåíü ³ ñèñòåìè çíàíü ó ö³é ãàëóç³ ñòâîðþþòü çíà÷í³ ïåðåøêîäè äëÿ âèð³øåííÿ ö³º¿ íîâî¿ ïîòðåáè ãðîìàäñüêî¿ îõîðîíè çäîðîâ'ÿ òà âèçíà÷åííÿ òîãî, ÿê áåçïå÷íî ïðîñóâàòè ê³áåðñïîðò ÿê äëÿ çìàãàíü, òàê ³ äëÿ äîçâ³ëëÿ. Ùîá ñêîðîòèòè ö³ ïðîãàëèíè, ñë³ä ðîçðîáèòè ïðîãðàìó ñòðàòåã³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü, ùîá êðàùå çðîçóì³òè ïåðåâàãè ê³ áåðñïîðòó (éîãî çäàòí³ñòü ñïðèÿòè çäîðîâ'þ, áëàãîïîëó÷÷þ òà ô³çè÷í³é àêòèâíîñò³) ³ âèçíà÷èòè ñòðàòåã³÷í³ òà ïðîô³ëàêòè÷í³ ð³øåííÿ äëÿ ïîì'ÿêøåííÿ éîãî íåãàòèâíîãî âïëèâó íà çäîðîâ'ÿ íà ð³çíèõ ð³âíÿõ ÿê ó ïðîôåñ³éíèõ ñïîðòñìåí³â, òàê ³ ó ãðàâö³â-ëþáèòåë³â (Yin et al., 2020).

Çíà÷íà ÷àñòèíà ïîòî÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü çäîðîâ'ÿ â ê³áåðñïîðò³ çîñåðåäæåíà íà ô³çè÷í³é àêòèâíîñò³ ãðàâö³â ³ ìîäåëÿõ ñèäÿ÷î¿ ïîâåä³íêè (Ïîäðèãàëî et al., 2018; Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, 2012; Zwibel et al., 2019; Lindberg et al., 2022;). ²íø³ ñåðéîçí³, àëå íåäîñòàòíüî äîñë³äæåí³ ïðîáëåìè, ïîâ'ÿçàí³ ç òðàâìàìè ãðàâö³â, ñíîì, õàð÷óâàííÿì ³ âæèâàííÿì íàðêîòèê³â äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ (Ivanova, 2020; Hwu, 2020; Ïîäðèãàëî et al., 2017). Ïðîáëåìè ç³ çäîðîâ'ÿì, ïðèñóòí³ â ê³áåðñïîðò³, ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî âàæëèâ³ñòü ìîí³òîðèíãó ñòàíó çäîðîâ'ÿ ãðàâö³â ð³çíîãî ð³âíÿ çìàãàëüíî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ (Schary et al., 2022).

Ñåíñîðí³ ñèñòåìè º îñíîâíîþ «ì³øåííþ» ÷èííèê³â ðèçèêó, ïîâ'ÿçàíèõ ³ç ê³áåðñïîðòîì. Íàéïîøèðåí³øîþ ñêàðãîþ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â º îçíàêè âòîìè î÷åé (Sheppard & Wolffsohn, 2018; Zwibel et al., 2019). ϳä ÷àñ òðåíóâàíü òà çìàãàíü ñïîðòñìåíè òðèâàëèé ÷àñ ô³êñóþòü î÷³ íà åêðàí³ êîìï'þòåðà. Îáñòåæåííÿ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â ç óí³âåðñèòåòñüêî¿ ñï³ëüíîòè ïîêàçàëî, ùî á³ëüø³ñòü ìàþòü ñèíäðîì êîìï'þòåðíîãî çîðó, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ òàêèìè ñèìïòîìàìè, ÿê ðîçìèò³ñòü çîðó, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü â³ä íàïðóãè òà ñóïóòí³é á³ëü ó ïîïåðåêó (Zwibel et al., 2019). Öåé ñòàí çóñòð³÷àºòüñÿ ó 90% ëþäåé, ÿê³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü êîìï'þòåð á³ëüøå 3 ãîäèí íà äåíü. ³äñóòí³ñòü êîíòðàñòó òà ÷³òêîñò³ â ï³êñåëüíèõ êîìï'þòåðíèõ çîáðàæåííÿõ çá³ëüøóº íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà ç³ð. Îòæå, ñàêêàäè÷í³ ðóõè, àêîìîäàö³ÿ òà êîíâåðãåíö³ÿ çá³ëüøóþòüñÿ, à ÷àñòîòà ìîðãàíü çìåíøóºòüñÿ, ùî âòîìëþº îêîðóõîâèé àïàðàò. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ â³äåîìîí³òîð³â òàêîæ ïîâ'ÿçàíå ç³ çìåíøåííÿì ÷àñòîòè ìîðãàííÿ òà çá³ëüøåííÿì øâèäêîñò³ âèïàðîâóâàííÿ ñë³ç, êîæåí ç ÿêèõ ìîæå ñïðèÿòè ñóõîñò³ î÷åé òà ôîðìóâàííþ òàê çâàíîãî «ñèíäðîìó ñóõîãî îêà» (Ïîäðèãàëî et al., 2017).

Ïîïåðåäí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî ïîòåíö³éíó íåáåçïåêó çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè ïîçà ðåãëàìåíòàö³ºþ. Îñíîâíèìè íàñë³äêàìè òàêèõ çàõîïëåíü ñòຠðîçâèòîê äîíîçîëîã³÷íèõ ñòàí³â çà ðàõóíîê ðåàë³çàö³¿ ôàêòîð³â ðèçèêó, ùî ïðèçâîäÿòü äî ïîñòóïîâîãî ôîðìóâàííÿ ïîðóøåíü îñíîâíèõ îðãàí³â òà ñèñòåì (Ïîäðèãàëî et al., 2018). Âñòàíîâëåí³ ôàêòîðè ðèçèêó ï³äâèùóþòü ìîæëèâ³ñòü ôîðìóâàííÿ äîíîçîëîã³÷íèõ ñòàí³â ó ä³òåé øê³ëüíîãî â³êó, ùî çóìîâëþº íåîáõ³äí³ñòü êîìïëåêñíèõ ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â (Ïîäðèãàëî et al., 2017). Äîñë³äæåííÿ ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ óìîâ ³ãðîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ âèçíà÷ຠàêòóàëüí³ñòü ïðîáëåìè â óìîâàõ øèðîêîãî ïîøèðåííÿ â³äåî³ãîð òà çðîñòàííÿ ³íòåðåñó äî ¿õ âïëèâó íà ô³çè÷íå òà ïñèõ³÷íå çäîðîâ'ÿ ãðàâö³â.

Âðàõîâóþ÷è âèñîêó ïîïóëÿðí³ñòü òà ïîøèðåí³ñòü ê³áåðñïîðòó, íåîáõ³äíîþ óìîâîþ ï³äãîòîâêè ñïîðòñìåí³â ñòຠðîçðîáêà ìîí³òîðèíãó ¿õ ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ñòàíó, îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ òà âïðîâàäæåííÿ êîìïëåêñíèõ ìåäèêî-îçäîðîâ÷èõ ïðîãðàì, ñïðÿìîâàíèõ íà íåéòðàë³çàö³þ âèä³ëåíèõ ôàêòîð³â ðèçèêó.

Ìåòà äîñë³äæåííÿ - äîñë³äèòè óìîâè ³ãðîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ çàäëÿ âèä³ëåííÿ ôàêòîð³â ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ îñ³á, ùî ðåãóëÿðíî çàéìàþòüñÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè.

Ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ: òåîðåòè÷íèé àíàë³ç ë³òåðàòóðíèõ äæåðåë, àíêåòóâàííÿ, ìåòîäè ìàòåìàòè÷íî¿ ñòàòèñòèêè. Îïèòóâàííÿ ðåñïîíäåíò³â áóëî àíîí³ìíèì òà ïðîâîäèëîñü çà äîïîìîãîþ Google Forms ó äèñòàíö³éíîìó ôîðìàò³. Ðîçðîáëåíà àíêåòà âêëþ÷àëà ïèòàííÿ ùîäî ïàñïîðòíèõ â³äîìîñòåé ðåñïîíäåíò³â (â³ê), ñòàæó çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè, ÷àñòîòè òà òðèâàëîñò³ çàíÿòü, ðåæèìó í³÷íîãî ñíó, â³äíîøåííÿ äî êóð³ííÿ òà âæèâàííÿ íàïî¿â ï³ä ÷àñ àáî â ïåðåðâàõ, âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñïåö³àëüíèõ ìåáë³â äëÿ çàíÿòü çà êîìï'þòåðîì, ïèòàííÿ ùîäî íàÿâíîñò³ áîëüîâèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè àáî äèñêîìôîðòó çà ¿¿ â³äñóòíîñò³.

Âèêëàä îñíîâíîãî ìàòåð³àëó äîñë³äæåííÿ

 îïèòóâàíí³ âçÿëè ó÷àñòü 53 ãðàâö³ ïåðåâàæíî ÷îëîâ³÷î¿ ñòàò³, 94,3%, òà 5,7% æ³íîê, â³ä 18 äî 32 ðîê³â, ñåðåäí³é â³ê ÿêèõ ñêëàâ 21,39±0,41. Íàéá³ëüøó ãðóïó ðåñïîíäåíò³â ñêëàëè ãðàâö³ â³ä 20 äî 23 ðîê³â - 54,7%, â³ä 18 äî 19 ðîê³â - 30,2% ðåñïîíäåíò³â, â³ä 24 äî 32 ðîê³â - 15,1%.

Ñòàæ çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè ñêëàâ â³ä 3 äî 19 ðîê³â, ñåðåäí³é ïîêàçíèê 10,64±0,58; 37,7% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî çàéìàþòüñÿ ³ãðàìè â³ä 7 äî 10 ðîê³â, 34% - â³ä 11 äî 15 ðîê³â, 17% - â³ä 3 äî 6 ðîê³â, 11,3% - â³ä 16 äî 19 ðîê³â.

гâåíü ³ãðîâèõ íàâè÷îê îö³íþâàëè â³äïîâ³äíî äî ð³âí³â Facit LVL - ð³âåíü ãðàâöÿ íà ïëàòôîðì³ Facit (àíàëîã ðàíã³â íà ìàò÷ìåéê³íãó - ÌÌ), ê³ëüê³ñòü ELO-Points òà MMR (Match Making Rating - ðåéòèíã ãðàâöÿ, îòðèìàíèé ó ïðîöåñ³ ãðè ó ðåéòèíãîâîìó ðåæèì³) äëÿ DOTA2. Çà ð³âíåì ³ãðîâèõ íàâè÷îê Faceit LVL 52,2% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ìàëè íàéâèùèé ð³âåíü â³ä 9 äî 10, 21,7% - ð³âåíü â³ä 7 äî 8, ³ ëèøå 26,1% ìàëè ð³âåíü â³ä 3 äî 4; ê³ëüê³ñòü ELO-Points áóëà â³äïîâ³äíîþ äî Faceit LVL: â³ä 100 äî 1200 ELO-Points ìàëè 26,1% ðåñïîíäåíò³â, â³ä 1600 äî 1900 ELO-Points - 26,1%, ³ íàéâèùèé ð³âåíü â³ä 1901 äî 2800 ELO-Points - 47,8%. Çà ð³âíÿìè Match Making Rating 39,1% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ìàëè â³ä 6000 äî 9000 MMR, 26,1% - â³ä 4000 äî 6000 MMR, 34,8 - â³ä 1500 äî 4000 MMR. Íàâåäåí³ â³äîìîñò³ äîçâîëÿþòü â³äíåñòè ïåðåâàæíó ê³ëüê³ñòü ðåñïîíäåíò³â äî åë³òíèõ ãðàâö³â íàö³îíàëüíîãî ð³âíÿ ³ ïðîãíîçóâàòè ðåàë³çàö³þ ÷èííèê³â ðèçèêó ê³áåðñïîðòó.

Ùîäî ÷àñòîòè çàíÿòü êîìï'þòåðíèìè ³ãðàìè 66% îïèòóâàíèõ â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî ãðàþòü ùîäíÿ, 30,2% - 3-4 ðàçè íà òèæäåíü, 3,8% - 1-2 ðàçè íà òèæäåíü. Íà ïèòàííÿ ùîäî òðèâàëîñò³ ðàçîâèõ çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè 73,6% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî ãðàþòü á³ëüøå 2 ãîäèí, 26,4% - ãðàþòü 1-2 ãîäèíè; 52,8% â³äïîâ³ëè òàêîæ, ùî ÷àñòî ïåðåâèùóþòü ÷àñ çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè, 37,7% ³íîä³ ïåðåâèùóþòü ÷àñ çàíÿòü, 9,4% - íå ïåðåâèùóþòü. Íà ïèòàííÿ, ÷è çàâàæàþòü çàíÿòòÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè ³íøèì âèäàì ä³ÿëüíîñò³ (íàâ÷àííÿ, â³äïî÷èíîê, ðîáîòà), 66% â³äïîâ³ëè «í³», 18,9% - «òàê» ³ 15,1% - «³íêîëè».

Ïåðåâàæíà á³ëüø³ñòü îïèòóâàíèõ â³ääàëè ïåðåâàãó êîìï'þòåðíèì ³ãðàì - 94,34%, ìîá³ëüíèì ³ãðàì - 1,89% òà äî îáîõ âèä³â ñõèëÿþòüñÿ 3,77% ðåñïîíäåíò³â. Íàéá³ëüø ïîïóëÿðíèìè ³ãðîâèìè æàíðàìè ñåðåä îïèòàíèõ ãðàâö³â, ÿêèì âîíè â³ääàþòü ïåðåâàãó, âèÿâèëèñü MOBA - 79,2% (ç ÿêèõ 67,92% âêàçàëè ãðó DOTA 2, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang - 7,55%, 1,89% - League of Legends, Clash Royale,), øóòåð â³ä ïåðøî¿ îñîáè - 52,8% (ç ÿêèõ 37,74% âêàçàëè ãðó Counter-Strike: Global Offensive àáî CS2, Valorant - 7,55%, ïî 1,89% - Rust, Arma 3, Overwatch òà Battlefield), RPG òà MMORPG, ðîëüîâà ãðà - 15,1% (ç íèõ ïî 1,89% âêàçàëè ³ãðè Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous, World of Warcraft, Final Fantasy 14 Online, Final Fantasy 14 Online, Cyberpunk 2077, The Witcher 3, Fallout 4, Baldurs Gate), êîðîë³âñüêà áèòâà - 13,2% (ç íèõ ïî 5,66% îñ³á âêàçàëè Fortnite òà Apex Legends, PUBG - 1,89%).

Ïî îäí³é îñîá³ ç îïèòóâàíèõ (1,89%) íàçâàëè ³ãðè íàñòóïíèõ æàíð³â ñåðåä òðüîõ, ÿêèì âîíè ïðèñâÿ÷óþòü ïåðåâàæíó á³ëüø³ñòü ³ãðîâîãî ÷àñó: åêøí-ïðèãîäè (Grand Theft Auto - GTA), ãëîáàëüíà ñòðàòåã³ÿ, âàðãåéì (Hearts of Iron IV), ãîëîâîëîìêà (Portal), ï³ñî÷íèöÿ (Minecraft), ïëàòôîðìåð ç â³äêðèòèì ñâ³òîì (Terraria), ïîêðîêîâà ñòðàòåã³ÿ (Heroes of Might and Magic), ôàéò³íã (Tekken 7), åêøåí-ñëåøåð (Devil May Cry 5); ïî äâ³ îñîá³ ç îïèòóâàíèõ (3,77%) íàçâàëè ³ãðè æàíð³â êîëåêö³éíà êàðòêîâà ãðà (Hearthstone) òà ÌÌÎ, ñèìóëÿòîð (World of Tanks).

Ñåðåä îïèòàíèõ 28,3% â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî íå ìàþòü æîäíèõ íåãàòèâíèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ï³ä ÷àñ çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè; 71,7% ìàþòü íàñòóïí³ íåãàòèâí³ â³ä÷óòòÿ: á³ëü ó ì'ÿçàõ ÷åðåç íåçðó÷íó ïîçó - 52,6%, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü - 31,6%, îí³ì³ííÿ êèñò³ - 21,1%, ñïàçì ïàëüö³â - 18,4%, ñëüîçîòå÷à - 15,8%, ïî÷óòòÿ òèñêó, ëîìîòè â î÷àõ- 13,2%, ïåëåíà ïåðåä î÷èìà - 10,5%.

37,7% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî â³äñóòí³ñòü çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè íà íèõ æîäíèì ÷èíîì íå âïëèâàº, íàñòð³é ³ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ çàëèøàþòüñÿ â íîðì³; 62,3% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ çàíÿòü ìàþòü íàñòóïí³ â³ä÷óòòÿ: áàæàííÿ óâ³ìêíóòè êîìï'þòåð - 54,5%, ïîã³ðøåííÿ íàñòðîþ, ïî÷óòòÿ ñïóñòîøåíîñò³ - 33,3%, çáóäæåííÿ - 27,3%, â³ëüí³ àáî ìèìîâ³ëüí³ «äðóêàðñüê³» ðóõè ïàëüöÿìè - 18,2%, òðèâîãà, äðàò³âëèâ³ñòü - 9,1%. Íà ïèòàííÿ, ÷è çíèêàþòü äàí³ â³ä÷óòòÿ ï³ñëÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ çàíÿòü ³ãðàìè, 42,4% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî çàâæäè çíèêàþòü, 39,4% - ùî ³íîä³ çíèêàþòü, à ó 18,2% - çàëèøàþòüñÿ.

Ïðè çàíÿòò³ â³äåî³ãðàìè 67,9% ðåñïîíäåíò³â âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ñïåö³àëüí³ ìåáë³ (ñò³ë, êð³ñëî), 32,1% - íå âèêîðèñòîâóþòü.

Îêðåìå ïèòàííÿ ñòîñóâàëîñü âæèâàííÿ ñòèìóëþþ÷èõ íàïî¿â ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè àáî â ïåðåðâàõ, ÿê³ éìîâ³ðíî ìàþòü ñïðÿòè ï³äòðèìö³ òà/àáî ñòèìóëÿö³¿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³. Íà öå ïèòàííÿ 49,06% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî çâèêëè âæèâàòè ÷àé, 18,87% - êàâó, 5,66% - åíåðãîòîí³êè ³ 26,42% îïèòóâàíèõ íå âæèâàþòü âçàãàë³ í³ÿêèõ íàïî¿â ïðîòÿãîì ãðè àáî â ïåðåðâàõ.

Íà ïèòàííÿ ùîäî êóð³ííÿ 56,6% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè íåãàòèâíî, 28,3% - ïîçèòèâíî ³ 15,1% â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî ³íîä³ êóðÿòü.

Íà ïèòàííÿ ùîäî òèæíåâîãî îáñÿãó ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³, ùî âêëþ÷àþòü ïðîãóëÿíêè, ô³çè÷í³ âïðàâè, òðåíóâàííÿ òîùî 58,5% â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî çàéìàþòüñÿ á³ëüøå 2,5 ãîäèí, 18,9% çàéìàþòüñÿ 2-2,5 ãîäèíè, ó 22,6% îïèòàíèõ ðóõîâà àêòèâí³ñòü çàéìຠìåíøå 2 ãîäèí.

Ïèòàííÿ ñòîñîâíî çâè÷àéíîãî ÷àñó â³äõîäó äî ñíó ³ ïðîáóäæåííÿ äîçâîëèëî âñòàíîâèòè îñîáëèâîñò³ ðåæèìó ñíó òà éîãî äîáîâó òðèâàë³ñòü. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî íàéïîøèðåí³øèé ÷àñ â³äõîäó äî ñíó ñòàíîâèòü â³ä 1 äî 2 ãîäèíè íî÷³ (26,4%) òà â³ä 23 äî 24 ãîäèíè (22,6%). ×àñòîòíèé ðîçïîä³ë ïîêàçóº, ùî ÷àñ â³äõîäó äî ñíó ó á³ëüøîñò³ îïèòóâàíèõ çíàõîäèòüñÿ ó ìåæàõ â³ä 23 äî 3 ãîäèíè (73,5%); 5,7% îïèòóâàíèõ ëÿãຠñïàòè äî 23 ãîäèíè ³ 20,9% - ï³ñëÿ 3 ãîäèíè íî÷³.

Ùîäî ÷àñó ðàíêîâîãî ïðîáóäæåííÿ âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî 20,8% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ïðîêèäàþòüñÿ ç 8 äî 9 ãîäèíè ðàíêó, 18,9% - ç 9 äî 10 ãîäèíè; ç 5 äî 7 ãîäèíè òà ç 7 äî 8 ãîäèíè ïðîêèäàþòüñÿ ïî 15,1% ðåñïîíäåíò³â, ç 10 äî 11 ãîäèíè - 13,2%, ç 11 äî 12 ãîäèíè - 5,7%, ç 12 äî 13 ãîäèíè - 11,3%.

Òðèâàë³ñòü ñíó ó 28,3% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ñêëàäຠâ³ä 9 äî 10 ãîäèí, 26,42% - â³ä 8 äî 9 ãîäèí, 18,87% - â³ä 6 äî 7 ãîäèí, ïî 13,21% ñòàíîâèòü òðèâàë³ñòü ñíó â³ä 4 äî 6 ãîäèí ³ â³ä 10 äî 11 ãîäèí.

Íà ïèòàííÿ ùîäî âèêîíàííÿ âïðàâ çîðîâî¿ ã³ìíàñòèêè äëÿ ïîêðàùåííÿ çîðîâî¿ ôóíêö³¿ ïðè çàíÿòòÿõ â³äåî³ãðàìè 47,2% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî íå âèêîíóþòü ñïåö³àëüíèõ âïðàâ, 41,5% â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî ³íîä³ âèêîíóþòü âïðàâè ³ ëèøå 11,3% çàçíà÷èëè, ùî ïîñò³éíî âèêîíóþòü ñïåö³àëüí³ âïðàâè çîðîâî¿ ã³ìíàñòèêè. Òàêîæ á³ëüø³ñòü ðåñïîíäåíò³â, 90,6%, íå ïðèéìàþòü ñïåö³àëüíèõ â³òàì³í³â äëÿ ïîêðàùåííÿ çîðó ³ ëèøå 9,4% â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî ïðèéìàþòü òàê³ â³òàì³íè.

Ïðè îö³íö³ ðåçóëüòàò³â îïèòóâàííÿ ãðàâö³â çâàæàºìî íà òå, ùî îñíîâíà ê³ëüê³ñòü îïèòàíèõ ñòàíîâëÿòü ìîëîä³ ÷îëîâ³êè â³ä 18 äî 23 ðîê³â (84,9%), ùî ìàþòü çíà÷íèé ³ãðîâèé ñòàæ â³ä 7 äî 15 ðîê³â (71,7%). гâåíü ³ãðîâèõ íàâè÷îê çà Faceit LVL ó á³ëüøîñò³ îïèòóâàíèõ ñòàíîâèâ â³ä 7 äî 10 (73,91%) çà 10-áàëüíîþ øêàëîþ; çà ð³âíåì MMR ó á³ëüøîñò³ îïèòóâàíèõ ñòàíîâèâ â³ä 4000 äî 9000 (65,22%), äå 9000 - ìàêñèìàëüíèé ð³âåíü øêàëè. Òàêîæ 66% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ìàþòü ùîäåííó ³ãðîâó ïðàêòèêó, ó 73,6% ³ãðîâà ñåñ³ÿ òðèâຠá³ëüøå 2 ãîäèí. Öå äîçâîëÿº â³äíåñòè äàíó âèá³ðêîâó ñóêóïí³ñòü äî íàéá³ëüø òèïîâèõ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ³ãðîâî¿ ñï³ëüíîòè òà ââàæàòè ðåïðåçåíòàòèâíîþ.

Ðåçóëüòàòè îïèòóâàííÿ ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî ð³çíîñïðÿìîâàí³ òåíäåíö³¿ ñïîñîáó æèòòÿ ãðàâö³â. Ïðî öå ñâ³ä÷èòü íèçüêèé ð³âåíü êóðö³â ñåðåä îïèòóâàíèõ (28,3%), â³äìîâà â³ä âæèâàííÿ åíåðãîòîí³ê³â òà âçàãàë³ â³ä áóäü ÿêèõ òîí³çóþ÷èõ íàïî¿â ç ìåòîþ ï³äòðèìàííÿ òà/àáî ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ïðàöåçäàòíîñò³, à òàêîæ òðèâàë³ñòü í³÷íîãî ñíó 8-10 ãîäèí ó 52,7% ðåñïîíäåíò³â. Ñë³ä çàçíà÷èòè, ùî ñïîñòåð³ãàºòüñÿ çì³ùåííÿ ÷àñó â³äõîäó äî ñíó íà ï³ñëÿ îï³âíî÷³ òà á³ëüø ï³çí³é ÷àñ ïðîáóæäåííÿ (ï³ñëÿ 9 ãîäèíè). Îäíàê 66% ðåñïîíäåíò³â â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî çàíÿòòÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè íå çàâàæàþòü ³íøèì âèäàì ä³ÿëüíîñò³, òàêèì ÿê íàâ÷àííÿ, â³äïî÷èíîê, ðîáîòà òîùî.

Îòðèìàí³ ðåçóëüòàòè ï³äòâåðäæóþòü äàí³ ùîäî êîíòèíãåíòó îñ³á, ùî ðåãóëÿðíî çàéìàþòüñÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè òà ê³áåðñïîðòîì - ùîäî â³êó, ñåðåäíüîãî ñòàæó çàíÿòü òà â³äíîøåííþ äî ô³çè÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³, ïîøèðåíîìó ñåðåä ãðàâö³â (Øèíêàðóê et al., 2022) Îòðèìàí³ Øèíêàðóê et al. äàí³ ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ðîçðîáêè ðåêîìåíäàö³é äî àêòèâíî-ðóõîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, â³äíîâëåííÿ ãðàâö³â, ðàö³îíàëüíî¿ ïîçè òîùî. Öå äîçâîëèòü ðàö³îíàëüíî áóäóâàòè òðåíóâàëüíèé ïðîöåñ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â.

 äîñë³äæåíí³ Baumann et al. ùîäî ôàêòîð³â âïëèâó íà ð³âåíü åíåð㳿 òà êîíöåíòðàö³¿ ó ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â, ïîâ³äîìëÿëîñÿ, ùî áðàê ñíó íåãàòèâíî âïëèâຠíà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ó÷àñíèê³â. Íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî ó÷àñíèêè çíàëè ïðî íåãàòèâí³ íàñë³äêè íåäîñòàòíüîãî ñíó, ñåðåäíÿ òðèâàë³ñòü ñíó ó÷àñíèê³â ñòàíîâèëà 6,8 ãîäèíè â áóäí³. Ó÷àñíèêè öüîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîâ³äîìèëè, ùî ãðà äî ñàìîãî ñíó âèêëèêàëà ïðîáëåìè ³ç çàñèïàííÿì ³ ïîãàíó ÿê³ñòü ñíó. Ö³ ïðîáëåìè ç³ ñíîì ïîÿñíþâàëè çáóäæåííÿì ³ ïîäîâæåííÿì ÷àñó ñíó, ùî ìîãëî áóòè íàñë³äêîì ï³äâèùåíî¿ ô³ç³îëîã³÷íî¿ àêòèâàö³¿, òàêî¿ ÿê ï³äâèùåííÿ ÷àñòîòè ñåðöåâèõ ñêîðî÷åíü ³ çáóäæåííÿ, ÿê ïðàâèëî, ï³ñëÿ òàêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ (Baumann et al., 2022). øê³äëèâèé êîìï'þòåðíèé ãðà çäîðîâ'ÿ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí

Çà äàíèìè Schary et al., 2022 ñåðéîçí³, àëå íåäîñòàòíüî äîñë³äæåí³ ïðîáëåìè ç³ çäîðîâ'ÿì ãðàâö³â, ïîâ'ÿçàí³ ç òðàâìàìè, ñíîì, õàð÷óâàííÿì ³ âæèâàííÿì íàðêîòèê³â äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³. Àâòîðè çàçíà÷àþòü, ùî ³ñíóº ïîòðåáà ó ïðèéíÿòò³ ðåãóëþâàííÿ â³ä âèäàâö³â ³ãîð òà îðãàí³çàòîð³â òóðí³ð³â ùîäî âæèâàííÿ ãðàâöÿìè ïðåïàðàò³â äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ (Schary et al., 2022).

Îáñÿã ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ó 58,5% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ó íàøîìó äîñë³äæåíí³ ñêëàäຠá³ëüøå 2,5 ãîäèí íà òèæäåíü, ùî ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî äîñòàòíüî àêòèâíèé ñïîñ³á æèòòÿ. Íå çâàæàþ÷è íà çíà÷íó ê³ëüê³ñòü äîñë³äæåíü, ïðèñâÿ÷åíèõ âèâ÷åííþ ðóõîâî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ãðàâö³â òà ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â, â³äñóòí³ äàí³ ùîäî êîíêðåòíèõ òèï³â ô³çè÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³, ÿê³ ñïðèÿþòü óñï³øíîñò³ â ê³áåðñïîðò³. Á³ëüø³ñòü äîñë³äæåíü ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî âàæëèâ³ñòü ôàêòîð³â ñïîñîáó æèòòÿ ó çáåðåæåíí³ çäîðîâ'ÿ òà ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â (Schary et al., 2022).

Ó 37,7% ðåñïîíäåíò³â íàñòð³é ³ ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ íå çàëåæèòü â³ä çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè, âîíè íå â³ä÷óâàþòü ïðàãíåííÿ äî ãðè òà ëåãêî ïåðåìèêàþòüñÿ íà ³íø³ âèäè ä³ÿëüíîñò³. 15 ðåñïîíäåíò³â (28,3%) â³äïîâ³ëè, ùî íå ìàþòü íåãàòèâíèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè òà ï³ñëÿ íå¿, ïðè öüîìó 12 ç íèõ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ñïåö³àëüí³ åðãîíîì³÷í³ ìåáë³ äëÿ ãåéì³íãó. Ç 38 îñ³á, ÿê³ ïîâ³äîìèëè ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü áîëüîâèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè, 23 òàêîæ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ñïåö³àëüí³ ìåáë³. Íàÿâí³ñòü áîëüîâèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ó öèõ ãðàâö³â íàé÷àñò³øå ïîâ'ÿçàíà ³ç íåçðó÷íîþ ïîçîþ, ùî âèêëèêຠá³ëü ó ì'ÿçàõ, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, îí³ì³ííÿ êèñò³ òà ñïàçì ïàëüö³â.

Çà äàíèìè äîñë³äæåíü, ïðî á³ëü ó ðóö³ òà çàï'ÿñò³ çàÿâëÿþòü 66 -68% ãðàâö³â (Hwu, 2020; DiFrancisco-Donoghue et al., 2019), ó øè¿ òà ñïèí³ 42-43% (DiFrancisco-Donoghue et al., 2019; Lindberg et al., 2020). Lindberg et al. âèÿâèëè, ùî 32% ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â â³ä÷óâàþòü ïðî á³ëü â îäíîìó ì³ñö³, 27% ó äâîõ ì³ñöÿõ ³ 9% ó òðüîõ ð³çíèõ ì³ñöÿõ (Lindberg et al., 2020).  íàøîìó îïèòóâàíí³ 52,6% ðåñïîíäåíò³â âêàçàëè íà îäèí âàð³àíò áîëüîâèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ç áîêó ñêåëåòíèõ ì'ÿç³â àáî çîðîâîãî àíàë³çàòîðó, 26,3% - äâà âàð³àíòè, 21,1% - 3 ³ á³ëüøå âàð³àíò³â. Äîñë³äíèêè çàçíà÷àþòü, ùî ôàêòîðàìè âïëèâó íà ìåõàí³çì îòðèìàííÿ òðàâì äëÿ ê³áåðñïîðòèâíèõ ãðàâö³â ìîæóòü áóòè íåïðàâèëüíà ïîñòàâà òà åðãîíîì³êà (Lindberg et al., 2020; Zwibel et al., 2019), ñïîñ³á çàõîïëåííÿ ìèø³ (Ivanova, 2020), òðèâàëå ñòàòè÷íå ñèäÿ÷å ïîëîæåííÿ (Zwibel et al., 2019), ïîâòîðþâàí³ ä³¿ âåðõí³õ ê³íö³âîê (DiFrancisco-Donoghue et al., 2019) ³ ôàêòîðè ñïîñîáó æèòòÿ (òîáòî â³äñóòí³ñòü ô³çè÷íî¿ àêòèâíîñò³, ïîãàíå õàð÷óâàííÿ òîùî), ùî òàêîæ ìîæå ïðèçâåñòè äî ìåòàáîë³÷íî¿ äèñðåãóëÿö³¿ (Zwibel et al., 2019).

Çàãàëüí³ ìåòîäè çàïîá³ãàííÿ ñïåöèô³÷íèì äëÿ ê³áåðñïîðòó òðàâìàì îïîðíî-ðóõîâîãî àïàðàòó âêëþ÷àþòü îïòèìàëüíó ³ãðîâó ïîçó, ñïåöèô³÷í³ äëÿ ³ãîð ô³çè÷í³ âïðàâè äëÿ ðîçìèíêè òà îõîëîäæåííÿ, ÷àñò³ òà ïåð³îäè÷í³ ïåðåðâè â àêòèâíîñò³ ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè, íàëåæíó ã³äðàòàö³þ òà õàð÷óâàííÿ, ðåãóëÿðíó çàãàëüíó ô³çè÷íó àêòèâí³ñòü, ñïåöèô³÷í³ äëÿ ê³áåðñïîðòó òðåíóâàííÿ ñèëè òà ðóõëèâîñò³, ðåãëàìåíòîâàí³ ðîçêëàäè òðåíóâàíü ç ê³áåðñïîðòó, ÿê³ â³äñòåæóþòü ìîæëèâ³ ïîâòîðþâàí³ ñèìïòîìè íàäì³ðíîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ, äîñòàòí³é ñîí ³ ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèé ìàñàæ (Baumann et al., 2022).

Ó íàøîìó äîñë³äæåíí³ íà äðóãîìó ì³ñö³ ñåðåä íåãàòèâíèõ â³ä÷óòò³â ï³ä ÷àñ ãðè ï³ñëÿ áîëþ ó ì'ÿçàõ îïèíèëèñÿ ïðîáëåìè ç î÷èìà - ñëüîçîòå÷à, ïî÷óòòÿ òèñêó, ëîìîòè â î÷àõ, íàÿâí³ñòü ïåëåíè ïåðåä î÷èìà. Äëÿ ïîëåãøåííÿ òà óñóíåííÿ öèõ íåãàòèâíèõ ïðîÿâ³â 52,8% ðåñïîíäåíò³â ïîñò³éíî àáî ³íêîëè âèêîíóþòü âïðàâè çîðîâî¿ ã³ìíàñòèêè, ³ ëèøå 9,4% ïðèéìàþòü ñïåö³àëüí³ â³òàì³íè äëÿ ïîêðàùåííÿ çîðó.

ʳáåðñïîðòèâíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ò³ñíî ïîâ'ÿçàíà ç ðîáîòîþ çîðîâîãî àíàë³çàòîðó. Ðàíí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîêàçàëè, ùî âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîìï'þòåðà ð³çêî çìåíøóº ÷àñòîòó ìîðãàííÿ â 3-5 ðàç³â ó ñòàí³ ñïîêîþ. Õî÷à áóëî âèÿâëåíî, ùî ãðà ó â³äåî³ãðè ïîñèëþº çàãàëüí³ ðóõè î÷åé äî ö³ë³ (Mack et al., 2014), ãðà íàäòî áëèçüêî äî åêðàíà àáî ïðîòÿãîì òðèâàëîãî ïåð³îäó ÷àñó áåç ïåðåðâ ïîâ'ÿçàíà ç òðàâìîþ î÷åé. DiFrancisco-Donoghue et al. (DiFrancisco-Donoghue et al., 2019) âèÿâèëè, ùî íàéïîøèðåí³øîþ ìåäè÷íîþ õâîðîáîþ, íå ïîâ'ÿçàíîþ ç îïîðíî -ðóõîâèì àïàðàòîì, ó ñòóäåíòñüêèõ ê³áåðñïîðòèâíèõ ãðàâö³â áóëà âòîìà î÷åé (56%).

Yin et al. çàçíà÷àº, ùî òðèâàëà çîðîâà óâàãà ç íåïîñò³éíèì ãðàô³êîì ñíó òà íàäì³ðíèì âïëèâîì ñèíüîãî ñâ³òëà â³ä åêðàíó êîìï'þòåðà ìîæå ïðèçâåñòè äî çàãàëüíîãî íàïðóæåííÿ î÷åé ³ íåíîðìàëüíîãî ðåæèìó ñíó (Yin òà ³í., 2020). Íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåí³ ïðîáëåìè ç î÷èìà ñåðåä êîðèñòóâà÷³â êîìï'þòåð³â - öå ñóõ³ñòü î÷åé, ÿêà âèêëèêຠïîäðàçíåííÿ, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü ³ ÷óòëèâ³ñòü äî ñâ³òëà òà ïðîáëåìè ³ç çîðîâîþ àêîìîäàö³ºþ, òàê³ ÿê ðîçìèò³ñòü çîðó ïîáëèçó âîãíèùà òà òðóäíîù³ ç ïåðåôîêóñóâàííÿì. Ö³ ïðîáëåìè ïðèñóòí³ ó áëèçüêî 50% êîðèñòóâà÷³â êîìï'þòåð³â (Sheppard & Wolffsohn, 2018). Îö³íêà ìàñøòàá³â ïðîáëåìè ³ç î÷èìà ó ê³áåðñïîðòèâíèõ ãðàâö³â, îñîáëèâî â êîíòåêñò³ áåçïåðåðâíèõ ïåð³îä³â ãðè, âèìàãຠäîâãîñòðîêîâèõ íàóêîâèõ äîñë³äæåíü

Ó íàøîìó äîñë³äæåíí³ 62,3% îïèòàíèõ ãðàâö³â çàÿâèëè, ùî ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ çàíÿòü â³äåî³ãðàìè ìàþòü íåãàòèâí³ ïñèõîëîã³÷í³ â³ä÷óòòÿ, òàê³ ÿê íàâ'ÿçëèâå áàæàííÿ óâ³ìêíóòè êîìï'þòåð, ïîã³ðøåííÿ íàñòðîþ, ïî÷óòòÿ ñïóñòîøåíîñò³, â³ëüí³ àáî ìèìîâ³ëüí³ «äðóêàðñüê³» ðóõè ïàëüöÿìè, òðèâîãà, äðàò³âëèâ³ñòü. Çàíåïîêîºííÿ âèêëèêຠùå ³ òîé ôàêò, ùî ëèøå ó 42,4% îïèòàíèõ ö³ â³ä÷óòòÿ ïîâí³ñòþ çíèêàþòü ï³ñëÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ çàíÿòü ³ãðàìè. Öå ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü ïåâíîãî ð³âíÿ ³ãðîâî¿ çàëåæíîñò³, ÿêèé ïîòðåáóº ñâîº÷àñíîãî âòðó÷àííÿ ôàõ³âö³â ç ìåòîþ óñóíåííÿ àáî êîðåãóâàííÿ.

Ó ñèñòåìàòè÷íîìó îãëÿä³ Kuss & Griffiths, ïðîâåäåíîìó ïî ìàòåð³àëàì 58 åìï³ðè÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü, ñòâåðäæóºòüñÿ, ùî çàëåæí³ñòü â³ä ³ãîð â ²íòåðíåò³ ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ áåçïåðåðâíî, ç ïåðåäóìîâàìè â åò³îëî㳿 òà ôàêòîðàõ ðèçèêó, àæ äî ðîçâèòêó «ïîâíîìàñøòàáíî¿» çàëåæíîñò³, çà ÿêîþ ñë³äóþòü ðîçãàëóæåííÿ ç òî÷êè çîðó íåãàòèâíèõ íàñë³äê³â ³ ìîæëèâîãî ë³êóâàííÿ (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). Òîæ ñèñòåìàòè÷íèé ìîí³òîðèíã ïñèõîëîã³÷íîãî ñòàíó ãðàâö³â º íåîáõ³äíîþ ñêëàäîâîþ ÿê ó ñèñòåì³ ï³äãîòîâêè ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â, òàê ³ êîíòðîëþ ñòàíó îñ³á, ùî ðåãóëÿðíî çàéìàþòüñÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè íà ð³çíèõ ð³âíÿõ.

Âèñíîâêè

Ïðîâåäåíå îïèòóâàííÿ äîçâîëèëî âñòàíîâèòè, ùî ìîëîä³ ëþäè, ùî ðåãóëÿðíî çàéìàþòüñÿ â³äåî³ãðàìè ïðîòÿãîì òðèâàëîãî ÷àñó, ñòèêàþòüñÿ ³ç ïðîáëåìàìè ç áîêó îïîðíî-ðóõîâîãî àïàðàòó òà çîðîâîãî àíàë³çàòîðó. ϳä ÷àñ çàíÿòü ãðàâö³ â³ä÷óâàþòü á³ëü ó ì'ÿçàõ ÷åðåç íåçðó÷íîþ ïîçîþ, ãîëîâíèé á³ëü, îí³ì³ííÿ êèñò³ òà ñïàçì ïàëüö³â, ç áîêó çîðîâîãî àíàë³çàòîðó - ïî÷óòòÿ òèñêó, ëîìîòè â î÷àõ, íàÿâí³ñòü ïåëåíè ïåðåä î÷èìà òà ñëüîçîòå÷ó. Ðåçóëüòàòè òàêîæ ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü ïåâíèõ ïñèõîëîã³÷íèõ ïðîáëåì ó ãðàâö³â - ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ çàíÿòü âîíè ÷àñòî â³ä÷óâàþòü ïîã³ðøåííÿ íàñòðîþ, ñïóñòîøåí³ñòü, òðèâîãó, äðàò³âëèâ³ñòü, ïðàãíåííÿ óâ³ìêíóòè êîìï'þòåð, çáóäæåííÿ, â³ëüí³ àáî ìèìîâ³ëüí³ «äðóêàðñüê³» ðóõè ïàëüöÿìè.

Äî îñíîâíèõ ÷èííèê³â ðèçèêó çäîðîâ'ÿ ê³áåðñïîðòñìåí³â ïîâèíí³ áóòè â³äíåñåí³:

1) âèñîêà êðàòí³ñòü òà òðèâàë³ñòü ³ãîð, ÿêà ïðèâîäèòü äî òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ ñïîñîáó æèòòÿ òà âèò³ñíÿº ³íø³ êîìïîíåíòè ðåæèìó äíÿ;

2) íàÿâí³ñòü îçíàê çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîìï'þòåð³â ñïðèÿº ï³äâèùåííþ â³ðîã³äíîñò³ ïîðóøåíü íåðâîâî¿ ñèñòåìè òà ïñèõ³êè;

3) â³äñóòí³ñòü ñïåö³àëüíèõ ìåáë³â òà îáëàäíàííÿ çá³ëüøóº â³ðîã³äí³ñòü ðîçëàä³â îïîðíî-ðóõîâîãî àïàðàòó;

4) âæèâàííÿ íàïî¿â, ùî ì³ñòÿòü àëêàëî¿äè òà ñòèìóëþþ÷è ðå÷îâèíè, ï³ä ÷àñ ³ãîð ñóòòºâî çá³ëüøóº íàâàíòàæåííÿ íà íåðâîâó ñèñòåìó, ñïðèÿº ðîçáàëàíñóâàííþ ïðîöåñ³â çáóäæåííÿ - ãàëüìóâàííÿ;

5) äîñòàòíüî âåëèêà íåáåçïåêà ã³ïîäèíà쳿, ÿêà º ï³ä´ðóíòÿì ðîçâèòêó îæèð³ííÿ, ìåòàáîë³÷íîãî ñèíäðîìó, õðîí³÷íèõ íå³íôåêö³éíèõ çàõâîðþâàíü;

6) òðàíñôîðìàö³ÿ ðåæèìó ñíó ïîã³ðøóº ìîæëèâîñò³ â³äíîâëåííÿ ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ñòàíó òà ñïðèÿº ïîñòóïîâîìó ïåðåõîäó ñòîìëåííÿ ó ïåðåâòîìó;

7) íåâåëèêà ðîçïîâñþäæåí³ñòü ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â (ã³ìíàñòèêè, â³òàì³í³çàö³¿ òîùî) âèñòóïຠÿê äîäàòêîâèé îáòÿæóþ÷èé ÷èííèê, ùî íåãàòèâíî âïëèâຠíà ñòàí çîðîâî¿ òà íåðâîâî¿ ñèñòåì.

Ïåðñïåêòèâè ïîäàëüøèõ äîñë³äæåíü ïîëÿãຠó ðîçðîáö³ åôåêòèâíèõ ñòðàòåã³é ïîïåðåäæåííÿ ìîæëèâèõ íåãàòèâíèõ íàñë³äê³â íåãàòèâíèõ àñïåêò³â âïëèâó â³äåî³ãîð íà çäîðîâ'ÿ ãðàâö³â.

˳òåðàòóðà

1. Ïîäðèãàëî, Ë.Â., Ðîâíàÿ, Î.À., Ñîêîë, Ê.Ì., & Ãîëîäüêî, Å.À. (2018). Ôèçèîëîãî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû êèáåðñïîðòà. Íàóêîâî-ìåòîäè÷í³ îñíîâè âèêîðèñòàííÿ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é â ãàëóç³ ô³çè÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè òà ñïîðòó, (2), 90-93.

2. Ïîäðèãàëî, Ë.Â., Ãîëîäüêî, Å.À., Ñîêîë, Ê.Ì., & Ðîâíàÿ, Î.À. (2017). Ãèãèåíè÷åñêàÿ îöåíêà âëèÿíèÿ ìóëüòèìåäèà íà çäîðîâüå øêîëüíèêîâ. Íàóêîâî-ìåòîäè÷í³ îñíîâè âèêîðèñòàííÿ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é â ãàëóç³ ô³çè÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè òà ñïîðòó, (1), 86-88.

3. Øèíêàðóê, Î., Áèøåâåöü, Í., Îåð㳺íêî, Ê., Ñòðîãàíîâ, Ñ., & Àíîõ³í, Å. (2022). Àíàë³ç êîíòèíãåíòó îñ³á, ÿê³ çàéìàþòüñÿ ê³áåðñïîðòîì. Òåîð³ÿ ³ ìåòîäèêà ô³çè÷íîãî âèõîâàííÿ ³ ñïîðòó, (1), 30 -36.

4. Baumann, A., Mentzoni, R. A., Erevik, E., & Pallesen, S. (2022). A qualitative study on Norwegian esports students' sleep, nutritional and physical activity habits and the link to health and performance. International Journal of Esports, 1(1).

5. DiFrancisco-Donoghue, J., Balentine J., Schmidt, G., & Zwibel, H. (2019). Managing the health of the eSport athlete: An integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(e000467), 1-6.

6. Hwu, M. (2020, December 31). 1HP year in review: Esports medicine and performance team. 1HP.

7. Ivanova, V. (2020). Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in esports players. [Bachelor's thesis, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences].

8. Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D. (2012) Internet Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research. Int J Ment Health Addiction 10, 278-296.

9. Lindberg, L., Nielsen, S.B., Damgaard, M., Sloth, O.R., Rathleff, M.S., & Straszek, C.L. (2020). Musculoskeletal pain is common in competitive gaming: A cross-sectional study among Danish esports athletes. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000799.

10. Mack, D., Ilg, U. (2014) The effects of video game play on the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. Vision Research, 102, 26-32.

11. Schary, D.P., Jenny, S.E., & Koshy, A. (2022). Leveling Up Esports Health: Current Status and Call to Action. International Journal of Esports, 1(1).

Sheppard, A.L., & Wolffsohn, J.S. (2018). Digital eye strain: Prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 3, e000146.

12. Yin, K., Zi, Y., Zhuang, W., Gao, Y, Tong, Y., Song, L., & Liu, Y (2020). Linking Esports to health risks and benefits: Current knowledge and future research needs. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(6), 485-488.

13. Zwibel, H., DiFrancisco-Donoghue, J., DeFeo, A., & Yao, S. (2019). An osteopathic physician's approach to the esports athlete. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 119(11), 756-762.

References

1. Podrigalo, L.V., Rovnaya, O.A., Sokol, K.M., & Golodko, E.A. (2018). Fiziologo-gigienicheskie aspektyi kibersporta [Physiological and hygienic aspects of esports]. Naukovo-metodychni osnovy vykorystannia informatsiinykh tekhnolohii v haluzi fizychnoi kultury ta sportu, (2), 90-93.

2. Podrigalo, L.V., Golodko, E.A., Sokol, K.M., & Rovnaya, O.A. (2017). Gigienicheskaya otsenka vliyaniya multimedia na zdorove shkolnikov [Hygienic assessment of the impact of multimedia on the health of schoolchildren]. Naukovo-metodychni osnovy vykorystannia informatsiinykh tekhnolohii v haluzi fizychnoi kultury ta sportu, (1), 86-88.

3. Shynkaruk, O., Byshevets, N., Cerhiienko, K., Strohanov, S., & Anokhin, E. (2022). Analiz kontynhentu osib, yaki zaimaiutsia kibersportom [Analysis of the contingent of people engaged in esports]. Teoriia i metodyka fizychnoho vykhovannia i sportu, (1), 30-36. [in Ukrainian].

4. Baumann, A., Mentzoni, R.A., Erevik, E., & Pallesen, S. (2022). A qualitative study on Norwegian esports students' sleep, nutritional and physical activity habits and the link to health and performance. International Journal of Esports, 1(1).

5. DiFrancisco-Donoghue, J., Balentine J., Schmidt, G., & Zwibel, H. (2019). Managing the health of the eSport athlete:

An integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(e000467), 1 -6.

6. Hwu, M. (2020, December 31). 1HP year in review: Esports medicine and performance team. 1HP

7. Ivanova, V. (2020). Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in esports players. [Bachelor's thesis, Satakunta University of Applied Sciences].

8. Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D. (2012) Internet Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research. Int J Ment Health Addiction 10, 278-296.

9. Lindberg, L., Nielsen, S.B., Damgaard, M., Sloth, O.R., Rathleff, M.S., & Straszek, C.L. (2020). Musculoskeletal pain is common in competitive gaming: A cross-sectional study among Danish esports athletes. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000799.

10. Mack, D., Ilg, U. (2014) The effects of video game play on the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. Vision Research, 102, 26-32.

11. Schary, D.P., Jenny, S.E., & Koshy, A. (2022). Leveling Up Esports Health: Current Status and Call to Action. International Journal of Esports, 1(1).

Sheppard, A.L., & Wolffsohn, J.S. (2018). Digital eye strain: Prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmology, 3, e000146.

12. Yin, K., Zi, Y, Zhuang, W., Gao, Y, Tong, Y., Song, L., & Liu, Y (2020). Linking Esports to health risks and benefits: Current knowledge and future research needs. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(6), 485-488.

13. Zwibel, H., DiFrancisco-Donoghue, J., DeFeo, A., & Yao, S. (2019). An osteopathic physician's approach to the esports athlete. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 119(11), 756-762.

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