The role of museums in providing social and educational functions in the context of preservation of national culture in the system of university education

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The role of museums in providing social and educational functions in the context of preservation of national culture in the system of university education

Artemenko Svitlana Bohdanivna, Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman

«The museum should be an abode of muses, it should be be both a school and a temple, a sacred place where everything should be _ found to study beautiful and worship beauty, so that later in life to understand and love beauty». Bohdan Hanenko (a famous Ukrainian art collector, philanthropist, industrialist)

Problem statement and its connection with scientific and practical tasks

In the conditions of the transformation of the higher educational system there is the relevant necessity to form a systematic and comprehensive approach to the organization of the educational process in the modern university system as a whole. In particular, it concerns the need to provide and develop multifunctionality and multi-level of university education. This involves the formation of qualified specialists with relevant professional competences and high moral principles and guidelines, an active civil position and social responsibility to society, national patriotic values.

Therefore, in the modern system of higher education, certain cultural, educational, socializing and didactic mechanisms should be in place, which would ensure the formation of a personality with high professional and moral qualities.

A demonstrative example of the effectiveness of ensuring the social and educational functions of the national culture in the system of higher education is the popularization of the main areas of museum activity among students' youth in the conditions of the challenges of globalization. This problematics requires a detailed scientific study using a systematic approach to develop applied recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the functioning of museum establishments in higher educational institutions of Ukraine.

Analysis of relevant research and publications

In modern scientific literature many domestic scientists have been involved in studying the functioning of university museums. In particular, in the works of V. Snagoshchenko were investigated the main doctrines of the activities of modern museums in educational activities were investigated. In studies of S.Muravska are examined the modern conditions of functioning of museums and collections of higher educational institutions of the western part of Ukraine. In works of Y. Pesotsky revealed the peculiarities of museum pedagogy during the organization of educational process, some aspects of museum activity in the context of socio-cultural space.Some principles of the socio-cultural activity of university museums were highlighted in the works of domestic scientists N. Puseplina, O. Salata, I. Udovichenko, N. Filipchuk, T. Belofastova, I. Romanko, R. Mankovskaya, I. Medvedeva (Ukraine) and foreign researchers Z. R. Kozak, S. Geladaki, G. Paradimitrou, M. Lourenso, I. Karairi, P. Tuki and many others.

The analysis of national and scientific publications has proved the necessity of a systematic approach in researching the possibilities of realization of social and educational functions in the context of implementing the national cultural heritage within the limits of modern museums in high school.

Forming the purpose and main tasks of the research

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of modern university museums in the implementation of social and educational functions for the development of student youth in the conditions of globalization challenges.

The research is also designed to realize the following tasks: to reveal the peculiarities of social and educational functions of museums in the system of higher education; to study the role of museum business in the dissemination of the national culture for the applicants of higher education, to outline the basic principles of effective activity of modern university museums.

education museum student culture

Presenting of main material

Today, the university museum plays the role of an important structural division with certain functional responsibilities and qualified personnel in the structure of a higher educational institution. However, it should be noted that a new explosion of interest in university museums occurred at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century. Since museum collections integrated into educational and scientific processes have become an important element of the organization of education using visual aids and authentic sources, have raised the level of university education, providing practical professional skills [3, p. 702].

Obviously that awareness of the potential of university museums in realization of socio-educational, artistic, informational and other functions is occurred somewhat later, which was determined by the challenges of functioning of postmodern society. Hence, it is worth to note the special status of university museum culture in comparison with traditional in conditions of globalization challenges. In particular, Zenobia R. Kozak, Ph.D., a museum consultant and well-known researcher of museum culture and archives (Washington, USA) emphasizes the triple mission of modern university museums: researching, studying and public interpretation, and these collections also provide material evidence for the development of teaching and knowledge that have an inherent value for the university in terms of institutional heritage, as well as didactic and cultural significance for the broad public [2].

It should be emphasized that in modern conditions the university museum as a tool of social, historical and cultural memory is able to become a spiritual center for the dissemination of knowledge about the past, the sociocultural experience of the people as a basis for self-identification, certain cultural forms of the historical past: biographical sources of participants in historical events, memoirs and other carriers of historical self- consciousness and cultural identity of a separate individual.

According to R. Mankovska, museum collections are an integral part of universal human values, reflect the ideals of generations, reveal different periods of history, outstanding figures of the state, science, education and culture and are the main form of upbringing of patriotic feelings [3].

Therefore, namely the university museums allow students to be involved in the socio-cultural, national-historical heritage of the nation, to promote mastering and better understanding of the content and significance of monuments of national culture, its values, norms, customs, ceremonies, etc. At the same time, the socio-educational potential of museum art for students is also realized through the formation of a respectful attitude to monuments of national culture, history, language, traditions, and their popularization; development of national ideas of patriotism, civil consciousness, national identity as a whole.

The Ukrainian researcher T.V. Berezovska, candidate of historical sciences, associate professor defines the following main directions of patriotic education through museum expositions in the system of higher education:

- spiritual and moral component: students' awareness of higher values, guidelines, ideals, socially important processes and manifestations of real life, the ability to be guided by them as significant principles in practical activity;

- formation of young people's feeling of belonging to their native region, university, Motherland. It is a system of measures aimed at learning about the historical and cultural roots, awareness of the uniqueness of the own country, its destiny, inseparable connection with it, the formation of pride for glorious ancestors and prominent contemporaries;

- public-legal component: formation of legal culture and observance of laws, skills of assessment of political and legal events and processes in society and state, civil position, constant readiness to serve their people and fulfill constitutional duty;

- socio-patriotic component: activization of moral-spiritual and cultural- historical tradition, formation of an active life position;

- military-patriotic component: the formation of high patriotic consciousness in young people, ideas of serving the state, the ability to defend it militarily [4, p. 60-61].

It is also necessarily to emphasize that the socio-educational potential of university museums to some extent is also realized through the qualitative reproduction of the history of the emergence and dissemination of scientific knowledge, academic culture, scientific-research activities as professional spheres, knowledge about the peculiarities of the forming the university education system. On the one hand, it contributes to the formation of an academic worldview and a scientific style of thinking in young people and promotes involvement in scientific-research work. Certainly, it also helps to improve various forms of educational activity, to increase the motivation of student youth to realization of fundamental, applied researches in different branches of scientific knowledge.

On the other hand, it helps student youth and other visitors to better understand the formation of the phenomenon of the higher educational system as a professional field of knowledge: from the stage of accessibility for privileged strata of the population to the opportunity of its obtaining for all levels of the population, understanding the value and importance of educational activities in higher education for modern development of the younger generation.

Moreover, museum collections at universities also realize functions of socialization and up-bringing, namely, they form the worldview, aesthetic skills, spirituality of the individual and comprehensively develop, help teach the history, culture, traditions of different countries and peoples, influence on the self-knowledge and knowledge of the world, contribute to social-economic development, etc [6, с. 5].

Since the mastering of national culture, values, norms, customs, traditions, etc. leads to better assimilation of the socio-cultural code, integration of individuals into society. In particular, it is relevant for the adaptation of foreign students to the national socio-cultural space [5]. Since, university museums are able to create effective resources for intercultural communication, to promote a better assimilation of cultural and ethical differences between representatives of different ethnic groups, thus the formation of respect and tolerance to different cultures and better understanding of the phenomenon of multiculturalism, which is a fundamental condition for the establishment of effective communicative interaction in society.

However, it should be noted that in the conditions of globalization challenges the activity of the university museum shouldn't be limited by its teaching function for education applicant, it should also take into account the modern needs and interests of different segments of the population: pupils, students, postgraduates, etc. In particular, it concerns the realization of various interactive academic projects, socio-cultural, educational, tutorial, career guidance and other events for interest of a wide range of visitors. In modern conditions museums should be a powerful image and informational resource in the system of higher education and an innovative mean of both reproduction of scientific knowledge and expansion of cooperation with other institutions of a wide profile. Such an approach in the functioning of modern museum universities will contribute to increase the number of visitors and to form a positive image of a higher educational institution, as well as to gain necessary international experience and cooperation with experts in various professional fields as a whole.

In this context it is worth to note the activity of the museum of Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman as an effective example of ensuring the socio-educational functions of national culture in the system of university education, within interesting cultural and educational, career guidance, educational and scientific and other events also take place. In particular, it should be noted a number of important socio-educational and other functions implemented by the university museum for the formation of the student's professional competences, his general culture and personal development.

In particular, the museum in KNEU performs research, protection, education and scientific and documentary functions. The museum contributes to the improvement of the quality of training of specialists, the formation of their scientific worldview, introduces them to various stages of development of the University, through means of a museum influence it promotes the education of respect to the history, traditions and national values of the people of Ukraine [6]. In particular, it also takes place due to hosting temporary thematic exhibitions, meetings with interesting personalities, veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the museum of KNEU. It also contributes to the national-patriotic and spiritual up-bringing of students, the formation of civil activity, social responsibility, feeling of national unity, integrity and connection of generations, love for the Motherland, respect for the historical past and senior citizens, high moral principles, etc.

It should be noted that within the museum of KNEU is constantly updating museum collections and expositions and exhibition works, various excursions, cultural and educational events, and presentations of both historical and artistic nature are held.

In particular, we should mention the presentation of the exhibition of author's works by Oleksandr Tymoshenko «The shooting Maidan» at the museum of KNEU in 2017 (a participant of the historical events on the Maidan during the Revolution of Dignity in 2013-2014, a member of the National Union of Photographic Artists of Ukraine) [7]. In addition to the effective implementation of social and educational functions for the comprehensive development and formation of student youth, in particular, in the context of the preservation and dissemination of national culture and historical memory at the museum of KNEU are provided for the needs and interests of different strata of the population, both the applicants of higher education and future applicants, academic personnel, foreign guests, etc.

Such an approach to the organization of the functioning of university museum contributes to its transformation into a significant cultural-educational, social-educational and informational resource, which positively affects the formation of the image policy of modern university, increases its professional attractiveness and competitiveness in the system of higher education.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of functioning of modern university museums is ensured simultaneously by a number of various functions and obligations: scientific-educational, cultural-educational, career guidance, socialization, scientific-research, etc. In the conditions of globalization challenges one of the most important function of museums in the higher education system is to implement social and educational work among the applicants of higher education. In particular, in the context of the protection and popularization of monuments of the national historical-cultural heritage, the preservation of the historical memory and spiritual heritage of the state, the dissemination of the values of collective cohesion in society, the formation of a patriotic worldview in students and the strengthening of the ideas of national identity, originality, self-awareness and active civil position.

The prospects of scientific developments. The prospects of further author's scientific developments will be directed on the comparative analysis of the cognitive capabilities of the main scientific approaches to understanding the essence and purpose of modern university museums in conditions of globalization challenges, directions and forms of improving the implementation of socio-educational functions by university museums, an in-depth study of main difficulties, problematic aspects of functioning of modern university museums, the main effective methods of their reformation in the conditions of wartime realities of the development of domestic society.

Sources

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2. The Role of University Museum and Heritage in the 21 st Century. Zenobia R. Kozak, PhD. // The Museum Review, Volume 1, № 1, 2016.

3. Маньковська Р.В. Музеєзнавство в Україні / Р.В. Маньковська. - К., 2000. - 140 с.

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