Non-traditional types of physical recreation as a basis for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of student youth

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Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University

Volodymyr Hnatyuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University

Non-traditional types of physical recreation as a basis for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of student youth

A. Protsenko, C. Ped. Sci., Ass. Professor

O. Kotova, C. Ped. Sci., Ass. Professor

O. Sopotnytska, C. Ped. Sci., Ass. Prof.

V. Tsybulska, C. Sci. Phys. Educ., Ass. Prof.

H. Sukhanova

Abstract

The article deals with the resources of non-traditional types of physical recreation as a basis for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of student youth. The significance of such non-traditional types and forms of physical recreation in the physical activity of student youth as arm wrestling, bowling, windsurfing, golf, hydroaerobics, yoga, pranayama karate, curling, powerlifting, roller sports, skateboarding, septaktakrow, stretching, callanetics, pilates is analysed.

Key words: physical recreation, healthy lifestyle, student youth, non- traditional types of physical activity.

Анотація

У статті розглядаються ресурси нетрадиційних видів фізичної рекреації як основи формування здорового способу життя студентської молоді. Значення таких нетрадиційних видів і форм фізичного відпочинку у руховій діяльності студентської молоді, як армреслінг, боулінг, віндсерфінг, гольф, гідроаеробіка, йога, пранаяма-карате, керлінг, пауерліфтинг, роликовий спорт, скейтбординг, септактакроу, стретчинг, аналізується калланетика, пілатес.

Ключові слова: фізична рекреація, здоровий спосіб життя, студентська молодь, нетрадиційні види рухової активності.

Actuality

Physical recreation allows student youth to meet the needs, interests, motives in emotional active recreation, rational use of free time. This can be satisfied on group and individual needs of young people and relatively free form of motor activity, adequate to their subjective capabilities, while promoting the normal functioning of the body by creating an optimal physical state. Active rest of a person has a positive effect on the level of intelligence, due to the increase in the efficiency of the nervous system and its resistance to various loads [1, 6, 12, 20].

Literature review. The analysis of literature [2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13, 18] showed that all forms of physical exercises aimed at emotionally active rest, entertainment, enjoyment of motor activity, restoration of mental and physical strength are included in the content of physical recreation.

Presentation of the main material

The structural components of physical recreation include: sport for all, active rest, recreational and health systems, sports and recreational events, tourism [1, 6].

Let's consider the types and forms of non-traditional physical activity that are of interest to students and will be cultivated more widely in the coming years.

Arm-wrestling is a fight with hands on a table. Table size: height - 104.14 cm, length - 92.71 cm, width - 64.77 cm. On the tables, at the same distance from the edges and perpendicular to them, there are «Containers» for the elbow joint of the wrestlers. Arm-wrestling competitions are held in different weight categories: men: up to 61 kg, up to 68 kg, up to 75 kg, up to 84 kg, up to 90 kg, up to 100 kg, up to 110 kg, over 110 kg; women: up to 54.5 kg, up to 63.5 kg, over 63.5 kg.

Bowling is a sporting game. It is a game of hitting the pins with a heavy ball. There are many types of bowling: 5-pin bowling differs from 10-pin bowling not only in the number of pins, but also, for example, in the number of throws in each frame, as well as in the different game value of the pins, while candlepin bowling differs primarily in the shape of the pins, which resemble candles (i.e. they are cylinders and do not have a pronounced top and bottom). The most common variant in the world is 10-pin bowling, in which the pins are set in the form of a triangle.

Windsurfing is moving on the water on a board under sail without a rudder and without a crew. The 25 kg board is equipped with a sail that rotates freely around its axis, which gives the structure great manoeuvrability when operated by one person.

Golf is a sports game in which individual participants or teams compete by driving a small ball into special holes with clubs, trying to cover the allotted distance in the minimum number of strokes. A variation of golf is mini-golf, a relatively new type of ancient game.

A miniature golf course does not have strict requirements for size and shape. There are a large number of sites for this sport. For example: modular courts, stationary courts of strict geometric shape, putting greens, landscape courts, realistic minigolf, adventure minigolf courts, etc. The player's task - just like in regular golf - is to get the ball into the hole in the minimum number of strokes. The game is played with a putter. Despite the general recreational style of the game, mini golf competitions are held, including international ones.

Hydroaerobics - exercising in water - is an effective means of increasing the level of physical fitness for people of different physical development and almost any age. The structure of the classes, the dosage of physical activity, and the music can be the same as in aerobics classes. However, water resistance makes movements more difficult, and overcoming it leads to a faster development of strength in various muscle groups than on land. Systematic exercise in the water normalises the activity of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, relieves excessive excitability, and improves sleep [8].

In addition, the appeal of hydroaerobics is as follows:

- first, going to the pool as such is a great way to cheer up;

- secondly, Hydro Aerobics is a sports and entertainment activity, where there are fewer monotonous boring movements and a lot of entertaining ones;

- thirdly, Hydro Aerobics also perfectly helps to improve their situation for those who are shy about flaws in their figure. After all, from prying eyes, the body of the person involved is hidden in the water column, which, of course, is a great advantage over other fitness activities;

- fourth, the water environment provides excellent treatment, as it removes harmful substances through numerous skin pores [8].

Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root yogi or yuj, which has many meanings: «harness», «exercise», «taming», «connection», «union», «bond», «harmony» etc. It fir st appears in the Rig Veda, the oldest surviving monument of Indian literature. Exercises based on an understanding of not only physical but also spiritual and moral rules for improving a personality are the yoga system. There are many varieties, sections, and exercises of yoga: hatha yoga, raja yoga, bhagti yoga, and tantra yoga [8, 10, 14].

The most important thing at the initial stage of mastering yoga is to understand that it is not just taking various intricate poses and relaxing, but a real complex technique of controlling the body and concentrating on it.

Asana, according to Patanjali, «is a body position that is comfortable and pleasant». Thus, in the practice of hatha yoga, there is a list of 11 asanas for strengthening the body and 4 meditative asanas. Such a limited number of exercises was not a consequence of the underdevelopment of the system, but a clear understanding that yoga is not a technique for the hypertrophied development of the physical body, asanas are not an end in themselves, but only an intermediate tool offered by yoga for the spiritual development of a person. For a normal yoga practice aimed at both maintaining physical health and inner work, a dozen asanas may be enough, although the list of these asanas will be different for different people and depend on their physical and psychological characteristics [10, 15].

Pranayama is a special breathing exercise that affects the physiological component of a person by changing the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the emotional component, affecting it through the system of psychosomatic correspondences using specific types of breathing. The mechanisms of action of breathing exercises include

- changing the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the body;

- involvement of different groups of respiratory muscles in the process of breathing;

- reflex effect on the brain through exposure to olfactory and other receptors;

- massage of internal organs;

- reflex effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Through the practice of pranayama, especially prolonged breathing and energy pumping, the body's adaptive functions expand, and consciousness becomes resistant to experiencing various altered states [10, 15, 18].

Karate is the oldest martial art of the East. Currently, there are several dozen styles and schools of karate. The most popular and widespread are such styles as Shotokan, Shito-ryu, Wado-ryu, Goju-ryu and Kyokushinkai.

Training in each of these styles has its own peculiarities, but it i s based on the study and practice of special sets of formal exercises - kata. Kata are traditional, canonised sets of combinations that represent a kind of «choreographed» construction of a fight with «shadows» of several opponents (i.e. with conditional opponents). On the other hand, they are a kind of motor gestures and at the same time information carriers.

Curling is a team sports game on an ice rink. Participants of two teams take turns launching special heavy granite projectiles («stones») onto the ice towards a target marked on the ice («house»). Each team has four players. Each player throws two stones in each round (the game consists of 8-12 rounds). The team scores a point for each stone that stops in the «house» at a smaller distance from the center than the opponent's stone. After the throw is made, partners have the right to use a special brush to clear the ice in a six-meter zone from the center of the «house».

The curling ground is a rectangular field 44.5 m long and 4.32 m wide. The ice temperature is around - 5°C. The target, called the «house», has a diameter of 3.66 m. The stone weighs 19.96 kg and is made of a certain type of granite. It has a cylindrical shape (with some transition to a torus) and a ring-shaped sliding bottom surface. The stone has a handle on top.

Powerlifting is a triathlon consisting of the barbell squat, bench press and barbell deadlift. In powerlifting, unlike bodybuilding, strength is important, not body beauty. The assessment is based on the total, maximum weight lifted in all three exercises. If the scores are the same, the winner is the athlete with the lowest weight. Recently, competitions have been held more and more often in one single movement: the bench press.

Roller sports allows you to develop flexibility, coordination of movements and at the same time does not put a shock load on joints and tendons, as when jogging.

Sepak Takraw is volleyball without hands. Translated from Malay, it means «playing ball with your foot». The game involves two teams of five people, located on a court equal in size to a badminton court with a net. The ball is thrown with the hand on the leg of a player of his team, and the opponents receive the ball with the foot or head (hands can only be used to serve). Then the volleyball rules of scoring and three passes of the ball on your own court apply.

Skateboarding is an extreme sport that consists of skating and performing various tricks on a skateboard. Currently, most skaters skate in the street style, in which tricks are performed on the street. It uses such obstacles as stairs, curbs, cornices, railings, so skateboards have undergone changes. Their length ranges from 30 (76.2 cm) to 32 inches (81.28 cm), width - from 7 to 8.25 inches. But there are exceptions, both up and down. For example, there are skateboards with a width of 6 inches, designed for children, or boards with a width of 9 and even 9.5 inches, the so-called cruiser boards. But they are made in a traditional design, i.e. in the shape of a «fish». The skateboard is symmetrical, relatively narrow, with rounded edges. This shape was inspired by freestyle skateboards and has been the standard since the mid -1990s.

Stretching - stretching, includes a set of postures that help to increase the elasticity of various muscle groups. To perform stretching exercises correctly, the following requirements must be met: before performing an exercise, you need to know which specific muscle group it helps to stretch; when performing exercises, you should not try to copy the movements of a more flexible friend, all movements should be performed within the individual range of joint mobility: first, you should use «light stretching» when the joint is extremely extended, bent, abducted or adducted; without swaying, stretch ligaments and muscles only due to static pressure, being in a stationary state; in the process of performing exercises, breathe calmly and rhythmically; if acute pain appears, stop performing exercises. This type of gymnastics is widely used as an aid in various sports [17, 19].

Callanetics is a slow, calm form of gymnastics with a static load. It is highly effective and promotes muscle development and rapid weight and body volume loss, activates the body's immune system. Callanetics is ideal for those who prefer a measured, calm exercise, as opposed to active and coordinated dance fitness. This surprisingly effective training programme helps to create a harmonious balance between body and mind, allows you to get in great physiological shape, develop concentration and avoid injuries [3, 8].

Pilates is a unique system of exercises aimed at coordinated muscle function, proper natural movement and body control. Pilates develops joint flexibility, ligament elasticity, strength, muscular and internal coordination, strength endurance and mental qualities, but the main difference between Pilates and all other types of fitness is the absence of the possibility of injury and negative reactions [7, 8, 19, 21].

Spin Bike Aerobics is a fitness routine using specialised exercise bikes [21, 24], which was developed and put into practice in 1993 by American trainer Johnny Goldberg [23]. The popularity of this type of aerobics is due to the fact that the targeted, highly effective stimulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, musculoskeletal system functions, and the level of energy metabolism of the body of those who exercise, which is generally characteristic of the process of training on exercise bikes [21, 23], is harmoniously complemented by a number of other positive factors in the system of different types of cycling. Along with the main type of training work-pedalling, various variants of movements are used, which involve the muscles of the trunk and upper shoulder girdle, which contributes to the development of endurance of various types, dynamic and static strength, speed qualities, the ability to quickly switch from one mode of training work to another [25].

healthy physical psychological student non-traditional physical recreation

Conclusions

In conclusion, it can be noted that the improvement of the management process of recreational motor activity of students is one of the actual research problems in the theory and methodology of physical culture. Its successful and widespread implementation will contribute to the removal of psychological tension in the educational process, improve personal qualities, morpho-functional indicators, increase the level of health of students.

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