Renewable energy in Ukraine

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERCITY

Institute of Ecological Safety

Department of Ecology

Report

On subject “Principles of resources saving”

Topic

“Renewable energy in Ukraine”

Done by student IES 102

Natalia Lukyanenko

Kyiv 2014

Introduction

1. Executive Summary

2. Sector Overview

3. Solar Energy

4. Wind Energy

5. Hydro Power

List of References

1. Executive Summary

electricity ukraine energy solar

Implementation of the “green” tariff for electricity produced from renewable sources in Ukraine in 2010 has been an important stimulus for the development of renewable energy sector, represented by solar, wind, hydro, and bio energy. The state purchases electricity from more than 50 companies, which produce energy from renewable sources. There are 6 solar, 5 wind, more than 30 hydro power stations and several bioenergy stations. At the end of 2011 in Ukraine there were plants with capacities of 117 MW of wind energy, 104 MW of hydro power and 68 MW of bioenergy in operation. The capacity of Ukrainian solar power plants has in-creased from 3.5 to 188 MW (i.e. 54 times).In 2012 the total output of solar and wind power is expected to increase threefold and to exceed According to EBRD, Ukraine may soon become a leader among environmentally friendly economies in Europe, with its renewable energy sector being among the most prospective and attractive for in-vestments.1000MW. In 2011 the “green” energy sector was mainly dominated by solar energy plants (SEP); how-ever, in 2012, an increase in wind energy production is expected - the total capacity is expected to exceed 750 MW. In particular, during 2012 solar power capacities are expected to grow by at least 100 MW (on January 1, 2012 the total capacity of SEP was about 188 MW), along with more than 600 MW of wind power capacities (on January 1, 2012 the total capacity was 150 MW). Thus, the total capacity of “green” power production will increase from 340 MW in 2011 to over 1000 MW in 2012.According to the State Agency on Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving of Ukraine, the installed capacity of renewable energy power plants, in 2011 increased more than twice, and electricity generation amounted to 332 million kWh.Overall, total investments in the Ukrainian solar and wind parks in 2011 amounted to approximately EUR 400 m. The forecast is that investments in renew-able energy generation, including solar and wind en-ergy, biomass and biofuel production, in the next five years could reach nearly USD 5 bn.

2. Sector Overview

Despite governmental incentives for implementation of energy-saving technologies, there is a tendency for increase in energy consumption. Thus, in 2011, taking into account technological losses in networks, consumption increased by 2% or 3.738billionkWh (to 187.647 billion kWh). Average annual consumption growth in Ukraine in 2001-2011 amounted to 2.1%. The main driver of growth was increase in energy consumption by population (by on average 6% annually).The share of the alternative energy in total energy generation in Ukraine in 2011 was 0.2%.

Quite an urgent issue currently is the need for large-scale introduction of alternative energy generation technologies from environmentally friendly and inex-pensive sources for stabilization of regional energy markets. Today, in Ukraine there are about 100 facilities with total renewable energy generation capacity of 397 MW (compared to 152 MW in 2010), which in 2011 produced 332.091 million kWh of electricity. However, the total share of electricity generated from alternative sources is still relatively small, indicating the huge potential and little to no competition. For comparison, the share of energy consumption from renewable sources in EU in 2005 amounted to 8.5% with the prospect of increasing to 20% in 2030.

3. Solar Energy

In Ukraine, one of the most recent trends is an active development of photovoltaic solar energy generation technologies, which contributed to such a rapid increase in renewable energy generation capacities in 2011. It was the first time that the installed capacity of solar facilities surpassed that of wind power.The largest share of global solar energy market be-longs to the European market - about 70% of glob-ally installed capacities (67000 MW).Despite the leadership of Ukraine in terms of installed capacities per plant, the share of solar power generation in Ukraine in comparison with the EU is very low.

Resources Production of solar electricity in Ukraine generally takes place in the southern regions of the country, mainly in Crimea. The largest solar power plants Perovo (100 MW), Okhotnikove (80 MW), Dzherelne (7.5 MW), which can supply more than 15% of the total power demand of the region, are located there. All plants were installed in 2011 two of them are among the top-10 largest solar power plants in the world.

4. Wind Energy

Electricity production from wind is also a prospective field of alternative energy development in Ukraine. According to the Wind Energy Association, wind energy potential in Ukraine is estimated at 30,000 GWh. Some researchers believe, Ukraine is among the top-four European countries, most suit-able for generating electricity from wind.The installed capacities at the end of 2011 totalled 89 MW and the amount of electricity generated from wind was 151 MW.

Wind power generation facilities in Ukraine, 2011For comparison, the capacity of wind power plants in the EU in 2011 equelled about 94 GW. Intensification of the process of modern wind power plants construction in Ukraine started in 2011 with construction of the Novoazovsk wind power plant (Donetsk region). Major wind power plants facilities are located in Mykolayiv and Donetsk regions and in Crimea. Shares and amounts of electricity generated from wind in Ukraine and European Union are provided in the graph below:

In January 2012, 37.5 MW of modern wind power plant Novoazovsk were put into operation, out of 107.5 MW planned. Also, in 2011 wind power plant Wind Park Ochakiv with capacity of 25 MW and 3MW wind power plant in the Kherson region (Vindkraft Ukraine) were put into opertation.Thus, in 2011, about 65.5 MW of modern wind power plants were constructed in Ukraine, and the total capacity of all Ukrainian wind power plants increased to 150 MW.About 50% of Ukraine's territory is suitable for installation of wind power plants and commercial generation of electricity from wind. In particular, the prospective regions are the Black Sea coast, the southern steppe regions, and the Carpathian Mountains.

5. Hydro Power

At the end of 2011 there were about 70 small hydro power plants in Ukraine with total capacity of about 100 MW. They produce from 275 to 400 million kWh of electricity per year, which amounts to 0.15-0.25% of total electricity consumption in the country. Majority of the plants are outdated and need modernization. Today, small hydroelectric power plants in Ukraine are gradually being bought out. For example, Novosvit company already operates 14 of such power plants in Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions. Ukrenergy Holding company plans to produce 10000 MWh, after con-structing a series of small hydropower plants. As of beginning of 2012 in Ukraine there are about 30 private companies, which invest in renewable energy production, particularly in small hydropower plants. Investments have been mainly directed into Vinnyt-sia, Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, Ternopil and Zhytomyr regions. Currently 64% of all hydro power plants are located in these regions, while the technical hydropotential of the rivers in these regions amounts to only 14% of the country potential. According to the Ukrainian legislation small hydro power plants comprise small electric power stations, which have installed hydropower generation capacity not exceeding 10 MW. Information provided by the State Agency on Energy Efficiency shows that installed capacities of small hydropower plants at the end of 2011 amounted to 71MW, and that their electric energy production for the year amounted to 203.5 kWh.Major hydropower facilities are located in the following regions of Ukraine: Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad, Mykolayiv and Ternopil regions. The share of electricity produced by hydroelectric power plants, including large, in the general structure of electricity production in 2011 in Ukraine was 5.6% (against 44% in the European Union), while the share of electricity production by small hydroelectric power stations is about 2% of the total production of electricity by hydropower plants.

Ukraine has great potential for development of small hydro power plants, but it requires some investments in this sector. The total length of Ukrainian rivers is about 136 thousand km. For construction of power plants even very small rivers -- up to 10 km (which are the majority in Ukraine) -- can be used. On such rivers miсro hydropower stations with capacity of up to 5MW and small hydro power stations with capacity of up to 5-25 MW can be constructed. According to the calculations of the “Ukrhydroener-go” Association technically feasible potential of small hydro power plants in Ukraine amounts to about 8.4billion kWh or about 4.5% of total electricity con-sumption in 2010.

List of References

1. The structure of electricity consumption in the context of major industries and consumer groups for 2010 and 2011(available only in Ukrainian)// NEC “Ukrenegro”, - ukrenergo.energy.gov.ua/ukrenergo/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=96046&cat_id=35380

2. Yearbook // State Statistic Service of Ukraine, Kyiv 2010 - ukrstat.gov.ua

3. European Commission JGC report

4. In 2012, the capacity of “green” power plants in Ukraine to triple. (available only in Ukrainian) // vkurse.ua/ua/economics/v-2012-godu-moshchnost-zelenykh-elektrostanciy.html

5. The construction of the first modern wind power plant in Ukraine to start next year. (available only in Ukrainian) // ecoclubua.com, - ecoclubua.com/2010/11/budivnytstvo-ves-nastupnoho-roku/

6.Renewable Energy Report // Pvresources - www.pvresources.com/

Размещено на Allbest.ru