Russia’s information warfare against Ukraine. Asymmetric response

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Russia's information warfare against Ukraine. Asymmetric response

Abstract

Keywords: information, emotion, stereotypes, disinformation, information war, Russian aggression, propaganda, communication strategy.

Джердж С.Ф. Інформаційна війна Росії проти України. Асиметрична відповідь

У статті проаналізовано стереотипи сприйняття, які формуються з емоцій, що виникають як реакція на образ, створений інформаційними повідомленнями. У статті здійснено оцінку антиукраїнської риторики російської пропаганди, визначено дезінформацію, як основну тактику інформаційної війни проти України, створення російськими ЗМІ вигаданих новин про Україну за допомогою маніпуляцій, імітацій та акторів. Обґрунтовано необхідність пошуку альтернативи здійснення протидії інформаційній війні, участь у цьому підрозділів психологічних операцій. Запропоновано формувати загальну комунікативну стратегію та застосовувати асиметричні відповіді на російську гібридну війну.

Ключові слова: інформація, емоція, стереотип, дезінформація, інформаційна війна, російська агресія, пропаганда, комунікативна стратегія.

Джердж С.Ф. Информационная война России против Украины. Асимметричный ответ

В статье проанализированы стереотипы восприятия, которые формируются из эмоций, возникающих как реакция на образ, созданный информационными сообщениями. В статье осуществлена оценка антиукраинской риторики российской пропаганды, определена дезинформация, как основная тактика информационной войны против Украины, создание российскими СМИ вымышленных новостей об Украине с помощью манипуляций, имитаций и актеров. Обоснована необходимость поиска альтернативы осуществления противодействия информационной войне, участие в этом подразделений психологических операций. Предложено формировать общую коммуникативную стратегию и применять асимметричные ответы на российскую гибридную войну.

Ключевые слова: информация, эмоция, стереотип, дезинформация, информационная война, российская агрессия, пропаганда, коммуникативная стратегия.

Information is a keyword of the term «information warfare». Information should be perceived consciously. However, we perceive consciously only 15 % of any information message, and 85 % being unconsciously perceived information. Words form the image. The image gives us an emotion which leaves no place for rational reasoning.

Repeated emotions form stable reaction and launch associative array. Thus, the stereotypes are being formed.

Starting a hybrid war, Russia caught Ukrainian forces off guard, moreover, Ukraine was demoralized. However, the Russians could not secure a total victory on the information front.

In recent years Russian media thousand times talked about Nazi atrocities. And today, featuring some footages of Ukrainian soldiers, verbal contortionists from Russian TV perform video editing tricks like depicting SS signs on the helmets of Ukrainian soldiers, thus, forming a chain of negative reactions. This is the way how Russian media manipulators work and wage information warfare against Ukraine.

It came to a point that Russian media manipulators even resorted to creation of fictitious news about Ukraine via simulation and actors. One must thoroughly understand the influence of the media on an individual and society to efficiently counter information terrorism.

The information war technology is the audience segmentation. Information or semantic war first wins minds and only afterwards - territory.

It is important to block and ban those TV channels, which spread hatred and war-mongering. Some Ukrainian TV channels are also infamous for controversial content, and it depends on social responsibility of their owners. However, media owners should be encouraged to uphold their civic stance.

Information warfare and hot war are two sides of the same coin. It is not yet clear, which side is more important. In Russia, whole information strategy is subject to one intention and one decision-making center, and it acts in combination with other factors: military component, economic pressure, energy blackmail.

Enormous efforts and funds have been invested in the democratization of Russia. But life has shown that it has produced no results. The Kremlin believes that the Internet is the only source, which allows penetration of Western ideology into Russia, because everything else is under control.

Almost all the rhetoric in the Russian media is anti-Ukrainian. Ukraine is never mentioned as a subject of international politics. Notorious propagandist Aleksandr Dugin calls for extermination of Ukrainians. It's all broadcasted by Russian TV channels. Their main theses: all post-Soviet countries are not able to survive on their own, and they cannot live without the help of Russian Federation.

Russian propaganda is the successor of the Soviet propaganda. Its techniques have been improving, and now it has reached its maximum.

The Kremlin disinformation is constantly maintained and replicated, and we often settle down after the first reaction. In the information warfare Russians stay one step ahead of us. Alternative is as follows: it is openness of the government in the country as a factor of fighting corruption and real changes.

A strong connection between society and the authorities, on the basis of mutual trust, can be an efficient counteraction to such challenges. One of the trends of Russian propaganda is to alienate citizens from the state. But Russia itself is facing much deeper problems, stemming from such issues as: religions, languages, ethnic groups and economy. We must inform the public about what is really happening in Russia. russian propaganda information war ukrainian

The West faces its challenges as it responds to Russia. Unfortunately, Europe seems to appease the aggressor. Such a stand manifests itself in delayed decision-making. They abstain from any decisive steps believing that otherwise the situation will surely get worse. But in war it is important how promptly and correctly we react. Putin's Information System infiltrates political institutions of the West and poses a risk. Realizing what is happening in Ukraine now, we can better understand what happened in Georgia and Moldova.

Attack is the Russian information warfare tactics. Ukraine resorts to defensive tactics. Resorting to defense leads to defeat. We need initiative and counterattacks. It is necessary to expose those problems in Russia, which are perceived as stereotypes. It's a widespread belief that the truth is always a defense, but sometimes the truth should be made a weapon of offensive. War is not only a defense and attack; it's a war that should be waged on enemy territory.

Decision-making in Russia is faster than in Ukraine. It's high time to make adjustments in the decision-making system to counter Russia's pressure. The speed and urgency of communication is extremely important, because it is important who said something first.

There are international Conventions, which ban chemical weapons, landmines, etc. Now it's necessary to adopt international preventive measures to counter Kremlin's information aggression.

An important question is foreign broadcasting on information space of Russia. Today Russia follows the path of self-isolation. But we must counteract. Partly, this function is performed by Ukraine Today TV channel, broadcasting in English as well. What is important is actual broadcasting of nationwide Ukrainian channels in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics. The majority of residents of neighborhood countries and Balkan countries are capable more or less to understand Ukrainian.

We need more creative ideas from Ukraine. More attention should be paid to interesting stories, which are based on facts.

TV has the effect of simultaneous access to a gross audience, unlike the Internet, and through the visualization it becomes a powerful tool of information warfare.

Ukraine gains experience and that experience begins to change the situation fundamentally.

People do not want to receive information only by reading and watching, they want to communicate. There are perception stereotypes. People only listen to what they want to hear. News is served as entertainment. Entertainment appeals more than the truth. There is a shift towards form, not content. It is necessary to take important facts and make them interesting facts that are perceived much easier. Psychological operations units can efficiently counteract the Kremlin's information warfare. The Center forms the main vector, but performance is effective only if it is decentralized. Communicative strategy of every person should be part of an overall strategy. Message that we create should be repeated many times. Different stories, different topics with different components should be subject to the same strategy.

The main strategy is to show what kind of new Ukraine we ask for.

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