Pivotal interests of the Israel lobby in the United States

The main elements of the lobbying organization of Israel. The role of the ethnic group's momentum in creating a theater of interactions that promotes relations between the hegemonic United States and the strategically important country of Israel.

Рубрика Политология
Вид статья
Язык украинский
Дата добавления 11.04.2018
Размер файла 18,6 K

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Pivotal interests of the Israel lobby in the United States

Current research focuses on the thorough analysis of the Israel lobby phenomenon, which emphasizes the topicality of the proposed subject through the prism of the various exemplifications.

This study centralizes and identifies leverage mechanisms that were formed throughout the historical and political interests that backed the alliance of hegemonic country and Middle East representative in the most unusual and supportive manner, which has a decisive meaning for the future explorations in this field ofstudies.

Therefore, this investigation highlights the crucial role of mutual collaboration and derives the explanation of these relations' complexity through the prism of diligent literature review.

According to Nina Mast research, on the one hand, it is completely obvious that the United States does not prefer to veil their ties with Israel, but, on the other hand, the pro-Israel interest groups are motivated by the peculiar strategy and their major goal remains non-transparent [4, p. 2]. The author underlines that this kind of partnership is conditioned by a multitude of reasons and the most remarkable influence was the great historical input, religious and of course the social factor. The fact that the young country of the United States and flexible political system boosted the incorporation of the lobby in the state apparatus of the Western World was one of the core elements of Israel impact realization. Considering the unstable situation among the Arab countries and their ambiguous political view, Middle East plans of the White House have become rather a successful solution than a mistake.

It is important to underscore that there were a lot of cases lead by the Israel lobby, for instance, the Iraq War and the most recentArab Spring that could by specified separately by the Egypt example [4, p. 3]. In addition, the last but not least exemplification is the Iran's nuclear program that has been explicitly connected with the issue of Israel role in the US political regulations. However, there many controversial points, but the comprehensive image of the wide range of circumstances and occurrences as a result of affairs in the Middle East deduces an indisputable reality of the Israel ratings and power.

Mast highlights that there is a peculiar interpretation proposed by the Israel Lobby that claims their efforts to be concentrated primarily on the legitimati - zation of the main interests of American Jews [4, p. 6]. Furthermore, the organization states that the issue of national interest is, in fact, weak over the government. The Lobby's theory was never implicit but only depended on the policies, which usually were favorable to Israel. In addition, the government might and easily cancel the voices of the Lobby in some cases.

The representatives of pro-Israel groups argue that their organization is overestimated as a strong financial giant. Moreover, they claim that there is a multitude of even more influential lobbies. Hence, they point that cliche and criticism are based on mainly and as a rule on the anti-Semitism propaganda toward American-lsraeli [4, p. 7]. Israel Lobby adherents steadily emphasize that Middle East region is a hot spot and the state of Israel is the friend not a foe to the United States because of their faith in the democratic principles. It is noteworthy to mention that fundamentalism is widely spread around the Arab countries and the terrorism concept ignores the generally approved idea of the genuine democracy. Therefore, the problematic of the national security issue is deeply rooted in the benefits of the United States collaboration with Israel.

Elvira King emphasizes the leadership of the USA while the author also points that European side has an impact on the Middle East situation. This statement is completely obvious as the traditional financial support is held on the basis of the realistic estimation of the possible outcomes and neutral position in comparison with the hegemonic West [3].

Mark Weber highlights that Israel deserves the political power that it is enabled with because of the oppression and violations that were done against the Jewish nation. The author proposes a number of various arguments and claims that there are proves of international law weakness. In addition, Weber underlines that United Nations resolutions were also useless in sense of efficiency [7]. There was a multitude of practices when extra-judicial killings were ignored. Moreover, it is necessary to mention that military aggression was a wide-spread phenomenon as well.

Thus, on the one hand, the controversy about lobby's influence might be perceived as a fish story by the sceptics, but on the other hand, this partnership is also a tactical protectorate gained by the years of loyalty and faith in the national interest principles and democratic standards. However, there are many instances of Israel's policies focused on the rough isolation of Palestinians. The critical approach would definitely use this historical fact to describe Israel's actions as the behavior of a vermin that hides its initial purposes under the benevolent assertions.

David Greenberg shares a certain opinion regarding the cornerstone dilemma about the limitless power of pro-Israel side interests in the United States. The authors propose that paralyzed mechanism of general national cognition in terms of political thinking has significantly decreased. It is important to emphasize that the loss of public attention to this matter has also contributed to the development of lobby's influence abilities and leverage tools, which have deeply rooted in the political hierarchy [1]. However, the Israel state is literally cherished, but instability in the Middle East region is provoked by the hegemonic efforts centralized in the arms of an ethnic lobby. For example, the Palestinians are subdued and exposed by constant tension, violent oppression and various negative impulses of their neighbors. This issue requires the specific institutionalized security arrangement that would bring the legal resolution of the political aggression expressed by Israeli.

These relations are not explicitly opened for the general observation. The problematic of this assertion goes far beyond the legal practices of the facts usage because the absolute absence of any written clauses is a burden that would not be evidential and would never reveal the real situation of Israel military disposition. In a case of the war state proclamation, the secret agreements might cover issue of nuclear weapon reservation. The United States carefully analyze and protect their affairs with its allies on the international arena. Therefore, this model of ties is to some extent obscure. Apparently, this implicitly veiled topic is a matter that helps Israel keep the balance and preserve the beneficial position.

It is necessary to mention the fact that the Middle East partner of the USA has violated the human rights and the prohibition to use weapons, which were generally recognized as the forbidden military tool, for instance, there were booby-traps and dangerous fragmentation bombs, which are the inhumane instrument of pain and destruction. Furthermore, these weapons were supplied by the USA when the Israel state waged the Lebanon war in 1982 [2]. In addition, the Eastern Ukrainian conflict might have had a different outcome and resonance in case the United States participated in it more actively. Hence, the codification of the affairs between Israel and Western hegemon might become either a fair regulation or a casus belli.

It is important to underline that the moral code and collaboration limits are not distinguished or set by the Israel to delineate formal barriers of its interest. The country is explicitly weak without its support that is far in its geographical location, thus, the Israel has a logical permission to erase the matter of limits in order to defend the sovereignty of the state. The USA actions are to some extent blurred especially in terms of coalitions. The Gulf war was one of the most curious and first steps of the Israel country to express their confidence and courageousness as the United States were playing behind the curtain.

As a result of the thorough participation of the Western politicians in the process of preventive war injustice, there were a lot of mistakes done either by the US both by its strategic partner. The war on terrorism was defined as the most important goal of the XXI century and required active decision-making process that would neutralize the threat, which was rapidly spread over the Arab world. Considering the fact, that this occurrence has two sides of the same coin that are rather punishments than rewards for the achievement in the field of human rights protection, the United States failed to take into the account a fact that the Muslim's society is also divided into various adherents of political regimes and moral values. For instance, the case of the Paradise hotel in Kenya where the massive terrorist attack took place in 2002, evoked the fear among Muslim representatives that the war on terrorism is the war against all of their religion adherents [6]. Consequently, the problematic of the strategic goals vectored on the terrorism eradication and baked by the Israel Lobby representatives shed a light on the ambiguous character of this process. Unfortunately, the genuine purpose of this war was distorted by the lack of cognitive freedom of the population exposed to the terrorist's propaganda.

The political climate in the Middle East region is conditioned by the multitude of reasons why the situation remains unstable. The permanent presence of the US forces in this region was fueling the dynamic development of the events. The Israel position was not strong enough to deter the coalition of the Muslim states, thus, the country is trying to take as much advantage as they can from the United States forces while they were taking part in an anti-Baghdad coalition, for example [2]. Therefore, the crucial part of this project is devoted to Israel that was a war engine fuel in the strategic sense.

It is noteworthy to mention the fact that, the both sides are supporting the idea of the suspended state of the institutionalization process in terms of their mutually beneficial affairs. As a result, either the United States both Israel are persuaded that their actions are limitless and based on the complete freedom. Certainly, the main objective of each alliance in the terms of contemporary standards should be primarily focused on the defensive vectors. Considering the organization of NATO as the defensive alliance in accordance with the Warsaw Pact it would be necessary to point that the relations between the U.S. and its Middle East partner are not transparent in the legal sense because the common goal has a lack of pure protection sense [2]. Thus, the Israel Lobby in the United States might be a product of the historical conditions and the part-time interest.

Taking into the consideration the birth of the Israel's country, it would be important to mention that its spirit was initially led by the guidance of the West. There are many explanations of this issue and one of them is interpreted by the factor of the US support. It is necessary to underscore that the problem of Israel and Palestinian countries was raised by United Nations as the burden to human rights principles and norms. They have failed to cope with Jewish assimilation in the Palestina. Therefore, the situation was completely beneficial for Israel to regulate it in the brand new manner. The overt help has a strong political resonance among critics and sceptics that have their personal number of exceptions. For instance, the US authorities might disagree with actions of Israel states policy, but it would not influence the matter of vigorous assistance [5, p. 31].

This Middle East country is more than just a democratic island of the American idea. Furthermore, this occurrence has a tangled concept and derives an explicitly rational explanation of the ties between these allies. The American adherents of Israel state are extremely worried about Jewish political situation in the Arab world. However, there are political figures and media representatives that strive to blacken the reputation of the lobby and its goals, government does not seem to be enthusiastic about their judgments and continues to provide the contribution. This aid is primarily focused on the military, diplomatic and of course the financial sphere. In addition, the United States emits more than $3 billion from the national budget annually in order to bake Israel.

The American side has been a greatest chance of Israel's country to gain its independence and to preserve it throughout wartime. Consequently, Jewish nation supported the US in all their conflict processes. It is necessary to point that Richard Nixon administration contributed to their Middle East strategic assert during the October War. Moreover, they have preserved the Israel's state from the intervention of the Soviet army [5, p. 31]. These relations resembled a lawyer's attitude to his client and surprised the world's nations with the unique loyalty of both allies.

Considering the historical retrospective analysis as a brief insight into the Israel Lobby's roots in the US it is important to emphasize that there were many chances of the alliance's collapse, but the paradoxical compromise was a main reason why the collaboration was kept in the balance. However, sometimes Israel's decisions were at odds with the US principles or regulations, but they were never interfered on the international arena. Although, the Washington idea to modify the Middle East region had rather an ambitious character, but throughout the Iraq war they have constantly correlated their intentions with the partner's strategic situation improvement. Thus, the United States concentrated their interest on Israel's support in the Lebanon war as well. Hence, the Washington had on purpose to oppose the calls for a ceasefire. The primary goal was to gain some extra time for Israel for them to go after Hezbollah [5, p. 31]. Consequently, this instance is proposed in order to underline that the US has promoted either wartime alliances both the future perspective interests in case of the Israel. It is difficult to find a perfect match of the similar a state's aid provided to another country with an equal respond for such a durable period.

Finally, this research is emphasizing the Israel lobby phenomenon in the context ofthe historical retrospective analysis of the last decades and events. It is necessary to underscore that the topicality this investigation has a complex character that is reviewed through a multitude of exemplifications. In addition, the crucial objective of this topic is focused on the main leverage tools that were formed and used by the Israel state in terms of the political interest. Hence, the peculiar support of the Middle East country and the alliance of the two countries that, at the first sight, had nothing in common is one of the fundamental reasons ofthe ethnic lobby appearance in the United States of America.

Consequently, this study derives a rational explanation of the pro-Israel support expressed in form of the collaboration. In this regard, exploration of the proposed matter would expland understanding of lobbying occurrence as the socio-psychological behavioral pattern.

References

lobbying ethnic hegemonic strategically

1. Greenberg D. The Campus War over Israel / D. Greenberg [Electronic resource], - Access mode: http://democra - cyjournal.org/magazine/37/the-campus-war-over-israel/

2. Heacock R. American Support for Israel: An Un codified Relationship / R. Heacock II The Palestine-ls - rael Journal. - 2012. - Vol. 4.

3. King E. The Pro-Israel Lobby in Europe: The Politics of Religion and Christian Zionism in the European Union / E. King [Electronic resource], - Access mode: https://books.google.com.

4. Mast N. The Israel Lobby and US Policy in the Middle East: The Iraq War, The Egyptian Arab Spring, and Iran's Nuclear Program / N. Mast II Master's thesis, Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences. - Carnegie Mellon University, 2014.

5. Mearsheimer J.J. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy / J.J. Mearsheimer, S.M. Walt. - N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

6. At least 12 killed in Kenya hotel blast II The

Guardian. - 2002 [Electronic resource], - Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/nov/28/israel.kenya.

7. Weber M. A Look at the Powerful Jewish Lobby in America / M. Weber [Electronic resource], - Access mode: http://www.rense.com/general27/jlobby.htm.

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