:

. ( , ), , .

05.04.2019
40,6 K

. ,

, , , , .

http://www.allbest.ru/

:

, ,

. . "" , , . ( , ), , . , , , , , . , . , , , .

: , , , , , , , , ,

Abstract. In the English-speaking segment of the global academic environment, the concept of the Chinese School is known also as the English School. Despite its young age and initially claimed position to follow the Western methodology and big theories, adherence to which has been daily confirmed by Chinese scholars in their articles, monographs and doctoral dissertations, the "Chinese School" from the very beginning of its existence proclaimed the main principle (not yet paradigm) - it will be based on Chinese culture and Chinese history, which should be included in the global international research on a par with Western culture and history.The article deals with the evolution of Chinese thought as a part of the international global context, which has passed its own "big" debates and entered into controversy with influential Western scholars for their right to methodological consciousness. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the author gives a general picture of the current state of international research in China, analyzes the complex process of development of the various "approaches", which now make up the concept, but not a single "Chinese school". The article concludes that Chinese scholars are becoming an integral part of the global academic environment, while reproducing the dominance of Western theories of international relations, and even its "innovations" are considered in the context of Western research paradigms.

Keywords: Chinese culture, Chinese history, methodological identity, three debates, Qinghua approuch, theory of relationship, Chinese school, traditional political ideas, Qin Yaqing, Yan Xuetong

- - , , . . , - [1, . 783]. : , , . [2, c. 1-22]. - , [3, c. 15-28], [4, c. 5, 8].

, , , [4, c. 230]. : , , , . , - , . , reputational autonomy -, performance standards ( , ) significance standards ( , ), - . , . , , , , , , ͻ [5, c. 1-26].

, , 70- - 80- [6, c. 138]. 1984 . , , [7, c. 378]. 1998 . [8, c. 196].

, . 1980- [9, c. 256; 10, c. 97-109], , .

- - [11]. / : λ , ( .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. [12, c. 7]), ( ..) ( ..) [13, c. 77-85], .., ( .., .., .., .., .., .., ..).

- Non-Western [14, c. 242] , , latinamerican approach . , , , , [15]. , autonomy , , [16]. . [17, c. 1-8]. , [18, c, 1-21]. Indian IR ( Siddharth Mallavarapu, , ), , , , [19, c. 414].

, , [20, c. 376] [21, c. 272; 22, c. 1-25]. . , 1980- , , .

. , . - . . . , , , . , .

, ( -  geyi i): , .  .   .   ,  [23, c. 18, 19; 24, c. 67-89]. O: -  fanxiang geyi i, , , {y; -  zhengxiang geyi i, ; -  jiaohu geyi ݊i, , (, ?n) ( , ) [25, c. 56].

  , . , , , , , / , . , , , - , ,  [26, c. 25].

: ( 1960- - 1980-), (1980-), - (1990-) - (2000-) [27: 103-119]. , . XX : 1949 . ( ), 1949 . 1963 . ( ), 1963 . - 1978 . ( ), 1978 . - 1990- ( )  [28, c. 1-60].

, @Ծ , XXI , , , ,  [28, c. 17]. , 1, (18%), .

1.

. 2010 - 2014.

2010 .

2011 .

2012 .

2013 .

2014 .

/ %

131

(21%)

110

(19%)

106

(18%)

99

(17%)

76

(13%)

522

(18%)

457

(73%)

437

(76%)

462

(78%)

444

(75%)

466

(81%)

2266

(76%)

38

(6%)

30

(5%)

24

(4%)

51

(8%)

37

(6%)

180

(6%)

ܐ

626

577

592

594

579

2968

(100%)

: : . . . , . . . . : . , 2016, . 3 (ʹϵ⽻ǰأ̽뷢չ ࣬ʢ ࡣϺϺѧԺoŎЁC2016N3ҳ).

? , Ȩ - 23%, S - 23%, ʻ - 17%, - 12%, - 8%, - 8%, - 6% lȨ - 3% [25, c. 4]. , , : ξѧ - 20%, nԵѧ 18%, ʵ 16%, R 10%, ? 10%, ˼ 7%, 6%, pwh 6%, ѧ 4%, ܒ 2% 淶 1% [25, c. 5].

1990- ,  [23, c. 15, 16; 29, c. 95, 96]. , , , -  [30], . , .

1970- . , , , , . , , . , ( )  [31; 32; 33; 34; 35, c. 64-71]. , ,  [36, c. 2-33; 37; 38, c. 29-41; 39, c. 5-18].

, 1980- . , : - () - ; - , ; - ,  [40, c. 231-257].

, ? :  [41, Loc 1356-1708].

: .  1987 . , ,  Zhongguo tese F. . 1990-  [42, c. 15-21]. . , , , ,  [43, c. 61-74]. , 1991 . , , ,  [44, c. 343]. . , , . , , - .

: .  XXI . : ,   [23, c. 18]. ,  [44, c. 344]. , , , , ,  [45, c. 1; 33, c. 252-259].  [46, c. 165-176; 47, c. 313-340; 40, c. 231-257]. , , 30 1978 2007 , 5% , , ,  [48, c. 52-59].

: .  1990- . , 2000 . , . , . ( - ), , , , , . , .  [49, c. 24-30].

- . . , . , ? (guanxi ?n),  [50]. , , . ʱ , , , . , , ,  [51, c. 89-91; 52, c. 23-25].

, , , , . , , : (relational approach ?nHa) , , , (Tsinghua approach ·) ( ), , , . (traditional approach ͳ·) , , , , , , , (). , - . , , , , , , , .  [53, c. 31-35; 54].

, - , - , , , . Ӣ, , . ,  [55, c. 25]. - , . , , , , . , , . . , , . ,  [56, c. 103-119; 40, c. 231-257]. ԭ . 2008 2011 , 65 , , 14% 463  [57, c. 91].

(2010 .):

 [58, c. 5-36]   [59, c. 129-153].  , . , , , , . , , , . , . , (entity), - (process), .

- (a being) ,  - (self-category , ego- category) , , - . - , - , -. , - , . - , - . , - . .

, - , . , , , . , , . , -. - , , -A.

. , , , , , , .. , , .

, , , , . - , , . , , , .

, , ,   (becoming) -  . , , - (ego-alter ) . - , , , , .

, , , , , , . , , (becoming ), [ ] (a being ). , . , , , , , - , . , , , , .   .

, ( ) .   (entity approach ) , ,   (process ual approach) , .

1978 . , , , . , . ( , , ). , , , . , . .

.    (a societal approachЉHa) . . , , . , , , . .

, , . - , V̌n , ?n , ʵ ( ), Q^ʵ 闧Q, ʹ ӎ ( Cwh). ( ) , , , .

/. , , . . , . . , , , . , , , , , , .. , ,  [60, c. 15-21].

(1987-2017) . , , , , , . , ( ) ( ), . .

. , , , , , , , . , .

, , , , , - , , , . , , . , . -, , . - . , . , , , . . , , , , .

1. Schumpeter, Joseph (1994). History of Economic Analysis. London: Routledge.

2. Dunne, Tim (1998). Inventing International Society: A History of the English School. London: Macmillan.

3. Suganami, Hidemi (2010). The English School in the Nutshell // Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies. Vol. 9.

4. Buzan, Barry (2014). An Introduction to the English School of International Relations: The Societal Approach. Cambridge: Polity Press.

5. Oren, Ido (2016). A Sociological Analysis of the Decline of American IR Theory // International Studies Review, Vol. 1.

6. Pijl, Kees van der. (2006). Global Rivalries: From the Cold War to Iraq. Pluto Press.

7. Pijl, Kees van der (2012). The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class. Verso Books. New Edition.

8. Pijl, Kees van der (1998). Transnational Classes and International Relations. London: Routledge.

9. Merle, Marcel (1992). Sociology of International Relations. Translator: D. Parkin. Berg Publishers.

10. Bueger, Christian (2012). From epistemology to practice: A sociology of science for international relations // Journal of International Relations and Development. Vol. 15 (1).

11. .. (1922). . URL: http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/politica/kluchu01.htm ( 28.10.16).

12. .. (2016). . .: . . 43.

13. . (2016). - // p. . 14, 1. . 21.

14. Acharya Amitav, Buzan Barry (2010). Non-Western International Relations Theory. London and New York: Routledge.

15. Lockhart, Nicols Falomir (2008). A Latin American Reading of the Classical Concepts of International Relations Theory // Relaciones Internacionales. Vol. 4. URL: http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1515-33712008000100004 (accessed 21.09.16).

16. Herz, Monica (2016). The Study of International Relations In Latin America // Seminario: El estado de la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales en Amrica IRI-PUC-Rio. URL: http://interamericanos.itam.mx/documentos/herz_disciplina_ri.pdf (accessed 23.09.16).

17. Dunn, Kevin C. and Timothy M. Shaw (2001). Africa's challenge to International Relations theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

18. Cornelissen, Scarlett, Fantu Cheru and Timothy M. Shaw (2012). `Introduction: Africa and International Relations in the 21st century: Still challenging theory?', in Scarlett Cornelissen, Fantu Cheru and Timothy M. Shaw (eds). Africa and International Relations in the 21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

19. Bajpai Kanti P., Siddharth Mallavarapu (2005). International Relations in India: Bringing Theory Back Home. New Delhi: Orient Longman.

20. Hobson, John M. (2012). The Eurocentric conception of world politics: Western International Theory, 1760-2010. Cambridge, CUP, 376 p.

21. Inayatullah, Naeem and David L. Blaney (2004). International Relations and the problem of difference. London: Routledge, 272 p.

22. Tickner, Arlene B. and Ole Wver (2009). International Relations scholarship around the world: Worlding beyond the West. Abingdon: Routledge.

23. Qin Yaqing (2008). Zhongguo guoji guanxi lilun yanjiu de jinbu yu wenti (China's IR Theory Studies: Progress and Problems) // Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi (World Economics and Politics). Vol. 11.

24. Qin Yaqing (2013). Culture and global thought: Chinese international theory in the making // Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals, n.100.

25. Liu Ming (ed) (2016). Zhongguo guoji guanxi yu waijiao lilun qianyan: tansuo yu fazhan (China's International Relations and Advanced Diplomatic Theories: Studies and Developments). Shanghai: Shanghai shehui kexueyuan chubanshe. 289 p.

26. Wang Jiangli and Barry Buzan (2014). The English and Chinese schools of IR: Comparisons and Lessons // Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7 (1).

27. Wang Yiwei (2009). China: Between Copying and constructing, in: Arlene B. Tickner and Ole Waever (eds). International Relations Scholarship Around the World. New York: Routledge. 370 p.

28. Wang Yizhou (2006). Xulun [Introduction]. In: Wang Yizhou and Yuan Zhengqing (eds). Zhongguo guoji guanxi yanjiu (1995-2005) [China's IR Studies: 1995-2005]. Beijing: Peking University Press. 290 p.

29. Wang Cungang (2011). Guonei xuejie guanyu Makesi zhuyi guoji guanxi lilun jiqi Zhongguohua yanjiu - jinzhan yu wenti (Chinese Scholars about Marxists IR Theories and its Cinisation: Progress and Problems) // Guoji zhengzhi yanjiu (International Politics Research), Vol. 3.

30. Li Aihua (eds) (2006). Makesi zhuyi guoji guanxi lilun (Marxists IR Theory). Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe. 270 p.

31. Yan Xuetong, Xu Jin (2008). Zhongguo xianqin guojiajian zhengzhi sixiang xuandu (Chinese Pre-Qin Interstate Political Thought). Shanghai: Fudan daxue chubanshe.398 p.

32. Yan Xuetong, Xu Jin (2009). Wangba tianxia sixiang qidi (Wangba's Tianxia Thought and Enlightenment). Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe.321 p.

33. Yan Xuetong (2011). `Why Is There No Chinese School of International Relations Theory?', in W. A. Callahan and E. Barabantseva, eds., China Orders the World: Normative Soft Power and Foreign Policy. Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Centre Press.

34. Ye Zicheng (2003). Chunqiu zhanguo shiqi de Zhongguo waijiao sixiang (Chinese Diplomatic Thought of Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period). Hongkong: Hongkong Social Science Press.

35. Ye Zicheng (2005). Guoji guanxi yanjiu zhongde Zhongguo shiye (Chinese Outlook on IR Studies) // Waijiao ping lun (International Review). Vol. 6.

36. Zhao Tingyang (2003). Tianxia tixi: diguo yu shijie zhidu (Tianxia System: Empire and World Institute) // Shijie zhexue (World Philosophy). Vol. 5.

37. Zhao Tingyang (2005). Tianxia tixi: shijie zhidu zhexue daolun (Tianxia System: Philosophy Introduction to World Institute). Nanjin: Jiansu jiaoyu chubanshe. 271 p.

38. Zhao Tingyang (2006). Rethinking Empire from a Chinese Concept `All-Under-Heaven' (Tianxia)) // Social Identities. Vol. 12, No. 1.

39. Zhao Tingyang (2009). A Political Philosophy of World in terms of All-Under-Heaven (Tianxia) // Diogenes. No. 221.

40. Qin Yaqing (2011). Development of International Relations theory in China: Progress through Debates // International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 11, No. 2.

41. Zhang Yongjin, Chang Teng-chi (ed) (2016). Constructing a Chinese School of International Relations: Ongoing Debates and Sociological Realities. London and New York: Routledge. El. Edition.

42. Liang Shoude (1994). Lun guoji zhengzhixue de Zhongguo tese (Chinese features of International Politics) // Guoji zhengzhixue (International Politics Studies). Vol. 1.

43. Song Xinning (2001). Building International Relations Theory with Chinese Characteristics // Journal of Contemporary China, 10 (26).

44. Wang Jun, Dan Xingwu (2008). Zhongguo guoji guanxi yanjiu sishi nian (Forty Years of China's IR Studies). Beijing: Zhongyan bianyi chubanshe. 299 p.

45. Yan Xuetong (2006). Guoji guanxi lilun shi pushixing de (IR Theories are universal) // Shiji jingji yu zhengzhi (World Economics and Politics). No. 2.

46. Qin Yaqing (2005). Guoji guanxi hexin wenti yu Zhongguo xuepai de shengcheng (China's IR's Core Problems and emergence of Chinese School ) // Zhongguo shehui kexue (Social Science of China). Vol. 3.

47. Qin Yaqing (2007). Why Is There No Chinese International Relations Theory? // International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 7, No. 3.

48. Lu Peng (2006). Chuangjian Zhongguo guoji guanxi lilun sizhong jingying de fenxi yu pingjia (Four Approaches in Making Chinese IR Theory: Analysis and Critics) // Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi (World Economics and Politics). No. 6.

49. Kristensen, Peter M. and Ras T. Nielsen (2013). Constructing a Chinese International Relations Theory: A Sociological Approach to Intellectual Innovation // International Political Sociology, No. 7.

50. Qin Yaqing (2012). Guanxi yu guocheng: Zhongguo guoji guanxi lilun de wenhua jiangou (Process and Relationship: Cultural Foundations of Chines IR Theory). Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe. 286 p.

51. Shi Yinhong (2004). Guoji guanxi lilun yanjiu yu pingpan de ruogan wenti (Some Questions on Chinese IR Studies and its Critics) // Zhongguo shehui kexue (Chinese Social Science). Vol. 1.

52. Zhu Feng (2003). Guoji guanxi lilun zai Zhongguo de fazhan: wenti yu sikao (IR Theories Development in China: Problems and Thoughts) // Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi (World Economics and Politics). Vol. 3.

53. Tang Shiping (2010). Social evolution of international politics: From Mearsheimer to Jervis // European Journal of International Relations. Vol. 16 No. 1.

54. Tang Shiping (2013). The Social Evolution of International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 378 p.

55. Pang Zhongying (2003). Kaifang shide zizhu fazhan: dui Yingguo guoji guanxi lilun de yixiang guancha - sikao Zhongguo guoji guanxi lilun de fangxiang (Independent development of the open type: Review of theories of England's international relations-thoughts about the ways of China's IR Theories) // Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi (World Economics and Politics). Vol. 6.

56. Wang Yizhou (2009). `China: Between Copying and Constructing', in Arlene B. Tickner and Ole Waever, eds. International Relations Scholarship Around the World. New York: Routledge. 342 p.

57. Yang Yuan (2012). Zhongguo guoji guanxi lilun yanjiu (2008-2011) (Chinese Studies of International Relations. 2008-2011) // Guoji zhengzhi kexue (International Political Science), Vol. 2.

58. Buzan Barry (2010). China in International Society: Is `Peaceful Rise' Possible? // The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3.

59. Qin Yaqing (2010). International Society as a Process: Institutions, Identities, and China's Peaceful Rise // The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3.

60. Zheng Yongnian (2012). Tongwang daguo zhilu: Zhongguo de zhishi chongjian he wenming fuxing (On the Road to Great Power: Chinese reconstruction of knowledge and revival of civilization). Beijing: Dongfang chubanshe. 289 p.

Allbest.ru

...

  • - . . " ".

    [49,5 K], 20.06.2010

  • " ", " ", " ". . I . .

    [24,3 K], 29.03.2014

  • - . . . .

    [37,6 K], 20.06.2010

  • : , , . . . .

    [29,4 K], 27.01.2005

  • , . . , - .

    [149,4 K], 24.06.2011

  • - . 14 1945 . . - 1973 .

    [21,1 K], 05.03.2011

  • "-" . "" . "". , .

    [31,0 K], 27.07.2015

  • . XIX . " ". XXI .

    [118,0 K], 02.02.2015

  • , , , . "" . . . . . .

    [111,0 K], 22.10.2010

  • . . . - 19801988 . .

    [21,7 K], 05.03.2011

  • , . - , - . - . .

    [100,8 K], 18.06.2004

  • : , , , . . , . .

    [40,5 K], 30.01.2011

  • , . . .

    [68,0 K], 28.06.2010

  • . . .

    [114,6 K], 12.08.2017

  • . : . . . .

    [39,1 K], 18.06.2010

  • . . . . . .

    [17,0 K], 10.11.2009

  • , . . . .

    [16,7 K], 05.06.2008

  • , . , .

    [31,0 K], 21.02.2009

  • - . - . . .

    [36,5 K], 09.02.2010

  • . . . - .

    [127,2 K], 09.01.2013

, , ..
PPT, PPTX PDF- .
.