Development of the agricultural industrial complex of the west regions in the UkrSSR: plans of state and party bodies powers and perspectives of its implementation (at the end of the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s)

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Institute for Ukrainian Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy,

Development of the agricultural industrial complex of the west regions in the UkrSSR: plans of state and party bodies powers and perspectives of its implementation (at the end of the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s)

Svitlana Lukyanchenko

PhD (History), Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities

Oleh Muravskyi

PhD (History), learned secretary at Ivan Krypiakevych

Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to analyze the development scale of the agricultural sector and basic industries of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR at the end of the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s, to point out the planning drawbacks of the central state and party authorities in (a) determining the geolocation of enterprises, (b) their technical equipment, (c) implementation of progressive technologies, (d) use of a human potential, as well as to elucidate the course of discussions between regional party elites and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which related to a complex of socio economic issues. The methodology of research is based on a complex of problems related to socio-economic development of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR during the period under study and is determined by general scientific methods (comparative, dialectical, structural functional, etc.) and special historical methods (historical genetic, historical comparative, historical and typological, historical systemic, etc.). The scientific novelty of the research: in historical retrospect, the plans ofstate party authorities, aimed at increasing the industrial potential of the Western Ukrainian region, have been covered critically; the vision of the local party elite regarding the socio economic development of each region has been shown; the contradictions that existed between regional committees and the State Planning Committee (the DerzhPlan) of the Ukrainian SSR in the process of planning industrial capacities, feasibility of capital investments, (ir)rational use of funds, etc., have been indicated. The Conclusions. The post-war reconstruction of the agro-industrial complex of the western Ukrainian regions was accompanied by the intentions of the central state party authorities to transform the region into a powerful industrial center of the Ukrainian SSR. However, the excessive concentration of management powers in the hands of the "center" often led to unjustified decisions from an economic point of view, provoked criticism from the local party elite, which usually tried to adjust the plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and the State Planning Committee (the DerzhPlan) of the Ukrainian SSR unsuccessfully. The drawbacks of the command- administrative system of economic management became evident in the 1980s and led to a large-scale socio economic crisis, the consequences of which reverberated in the political sphere and, ultimately, became one of the factors of the USSR collapse.

Key words: agro-industrial complex, Ukrainian SSR, western Ukrainian regions, CPU, State Planning Committee (DerzhPlan) of the USSR.

Анотація

РОЗВИТОК АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ЗАХІДНИХ ОБЛАСТЕЙ УРСР: ПЛАНИ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПАРТІЙНИХ ОРГАНІВ ВЛАДИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЇХ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ (КІНЕЦЬ 1960 - ПЕРША ПОЛОВИНА 1970-х рр.)

Світлана ЛУК'ЯНЧЕНКО

кандидатка історичних наук, доцентка кафедри гуманітарних наук Національної академії сухопутних військ імені гетьмана Петра Сагайдачного, вул. Героїв Майдану, 32, м. Львів, Україна,

Олег МУРАВСЬКИЙ

кандидат історичних наук, вчений секретар Інституту українознавства ім. І. Крип'якевича НАН України, вул. Козельницька, 4, м. Львів, Україна

Мета статті - дослідити масштаби розбудови аграрного сектору та базових галузей промисловості західних областей УРСР наприкінці 1960 - першій половині 1970-х рр., вказати на недоліки планування центральних державно-партійних органів влади при (а) визначенні геолокації підприємств, (б) їх технічної оснащеності, (в) впровадженні прогресивних технологій, (г) використанні людського потенціалу, а також розкрити перебіг дискусій між обласними партійними елітами та ЦК КПУ, які стосувалися комплексу соціально-економічних питань. Методологія дослідження комплексу проблем, пов'язаних із соціально-економічним розвитком західних областей УРСР упродовж досліджуваного періоду детермінована загальнонауковими (компаративний, діалектичний, структурно-функціональний та ін.) та спеціально-історичними ((історико-генетичний, історико-порівняльний, історико- типологічний, історико-системний та ін.) методами. Наукова новизна статті: в історичній ретроспективі критично розглянуто плани державно-партійних органів влади, спрямовані на нарощування промислового потенціалу західноукраїнського регіону; показано бачення місцевої партійної еліти щодо соціально-економічного розвитку кожної з областей; вказано на суперечності, які існували між обкомами і Держпланом УРСР у процесі планування промислових потужностей, доцільності капіталовкладень, (не)раціонального використання коштів тощо. Висновки. Повоєнна відбудова агропромислового комплексу західноукраїнських областей супроводжувалася намірами центральних державно-партійних органів влади перетворити регіон на потужний промисловий центр УРСР. Однак надмірна концентрація управлінських повноважень у руках "центру" нерідко приводила до необгрунтованих з економічної точки зору рішень, викликала критику місцевої партійної еліти, яка, зазвичай безуспішно, намагалася коригувати плани ЦК КПУ та Держплану УРСР. Недоліки командно-адміністративної системи управління економікою стали очевидними у 1980-х рр. та призвели до масштабної соціально- економічної кризи, наслідки якої отримали відлуння у політичній сфері та, зрештою, стали одним із факторів розпаду СРСР.

Ключові слова: агропромисловий комплекс, Українська РСР, західноукраїнські області, КПУ, Держплан УРСР.

The Problem Statement

The agro-industrial complex of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR during the post-war period of the XXth century developed within the framework of the planned command and administrative system of management with its inherent drawbacks. Taking into consideration the absence of market relations, the Communist Party of Ukraine carried out accelerated industrialization of the western region in “a manual mode”, which made it possible to turn the region into an important agro-industrial center of the Republic at the end of the 1960s. If in 1940 - 1968 the volume of industrial production in the Republic increased 7,1 times, then in Lviv region it increased 27 times, Rivne region - 17,1, Volyn region - 13,6, Ternopil region - 12,6, Ivano-Frankivsk - 10,7, Chernivtsi - 9,9 (Kosharnyj, 1974, p. 40). In 1946 - 1968 the production of industrial goods in Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia) increased 18 times (StateArchives of Lviv Region (SALR), f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 6). In general, 8,6 billion karbovantsi were spent on the “national economy” development of the western regions of the Republic (without collective farms) during the post-war years, including more than 5,2 billion karbovantsi in 1961 - 1968 (Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine (CSAPAU), f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 2). agricultural state party authority

In the western regions of Ukraine there were built 18 coal mines, Rozdil sulfur and Novostebnyk potash plants, Burshtyn and Dobrotvir thermal power plants, Rivne flax plant, many sugar factories, light, food and dairy industries during the same period (Kosharnyj, 1974, p. 45). The automotive and electrical industry, machine tools and instrument making developed significantly. At the end of the 1960s, the construction of Kalush chemical metallurgical and Yavoriv sulfur plants, Rivne nitrogen fertilizer plant, Sokal artificial fiber plant and a number of other enterprises was completed (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 22).

At the end of the 1960s, Western Ukrainian regions accounted for 94% of the national production of sulfur, 27% of oil, 29% of natural gas, 94% of potash fertilizer production, 30% of cement production, 100% of forklift truck production, 93% of bus production, 22 % - metal cutting machines, 96% - lighting electric lamps, 53% - televisions, 35% - furniture, 40% - paper, 23% - outerwear, 17% - leather shoes (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 18).

The employment of the working age population of Western Ukrainian regions in public production increased from 62,6% to 79,2% during the 1960s. The working age population, employed in personal household help, decreased in Ivano-Frankivsk region from 35 to 18%, Chernivtsi region - from 35 to 20%, Volyn region - from 34 to 18%, Lviv region - from 33 to 17%, Rivne region - from 36 to 19%, Zakarpattia region - from 45 to 32% (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 15). In general, a huge amount of the working age population, employed in household and personal household help, decreased from 25,3 to 12,6% in the Republic. In 1966 - 1968, industrial production in the Western Ukrainian regions escalated by 38,5%, while in the Ukrainian SSR as a whole it increased by 28%. There were produced industrial products by 776 million karbovantsi, more than it was foreseen by the established plan during the same period. It was planned to increase the volume of industrial production by 66,5%, including in Ivano-Frankivsk region by 94,7%, Rivne region - 79,4%, Ternopil region - 74,4%, Volyn region - 66%, Zakarpattia region - 62,8%, Lviv region - 58,2%, Chernivtsi region - 53,5% during the next five-year period (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 16).

In general, 3,320 million karbvansti of capital investments were spent on the development of all branches of industry and agriculture in the Western Ukrainian regions in 1966 - 1970s (11% of the total republican volume) (State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region (SAIFR), f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 101). The party officials stated that “particularly large-scale construction was carried out in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Rivne regions”. As a result, at the beginning of a five-year plan, there was a boost of the population's income in the region 10,7 - 15% against 9,5% in the Republic as a whole. It was expected that the turnover would increase by 61,6% over the next five years (totally in the UkrSSR - 51,6%) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 4).

Nevertheless, despite a rather positive dynamics of the agro-industrial complex development in the western Ukrainian regions, the rate of industrial production development fell behind in comparison with the neighboring regions (the relative employment of the population in industry was lower than the national indicators). Due to the scarcity of the necessary base of the construction industry and the untimely supply of materials and equipment to buildings, a significant part of the capital investments was not developed from year to year, and the objects were erected with a great delay (for example, in 1966 - 1968, in the Western Ukrainian regions, capital investments in the amount of 64,6 million karbovantsi) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 4). The state and party authorities planned to make some corrections concerning the outlined trends in the first half of the 1970s.

The Analysis of Recent Researches. The study of socio-economic processes in Western Ukrainian lands was initiated by the Soviet historiography, whose representatives in every possible way gave eulogy to the achievements of the Communist Party of Ukraine in raising the “national economic complex” of the region. The scientific studies carried out by D. Shelest (Shelest, 1971), V Romanczov (Romanczov, 1972), I. Kosharnyj (Kosharnyj, 1974), O. Malko (Malko, 1978), S. Makarchuk (Makarchuk, 1983) and the others, reflected the peculiarities of the working class formation in the Ukrainian SSR in general, and in the western Ukrainian lands - in particular, they praised the activity of the CPSU in the field of development of certain sectors of the economic complex against the background of being silent concerning the crisis phenomena in the economy. Marxisism-Leninism methodology in scientific historical literature is a natural phenomenon for the Soviet scientific works on socio-economic issues, which was confirmed by the research of V. Petrenko (Petrenko, 1970), O. Nesterenko (Nesterenko, 1975), P. Kostyk (Kostyk, 1980), I. Loboda (Loboda, 1984), I. Lukynov (Lukynov, 1987), P. Panchenko (Panchenko & Chyshko, 1989) and the others. Their scientific works, which dealt with agriculture mostly, illustrated the disturbances in this field in the second half of the XXth century. The economic policy reassessment of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the 60s - 80s of the XXth century is an invariable feature of scientific works in modern Ukrainian historiography. In a number of studies carried out by V Baran (Baran & Danylenko, 1999), V. Danylenko (Danylenko, 1999), S. Padalka (Padalka, 2002), L. Kovpak (Kovpak, 2003), O. Lisovska (Lisovska, 2010), and the others, a chief focus was on the drawbacks of the socioeconomic life transformation in the Republic, in the context of the study on the features of the Western Ukrainian region industrialization. Interesting interpretations on socio-economic processes in the Ukrainian SSR in a somewhat broader chronological period can be found in the scientific works written by O. Malyarchuk (Malyarchuk, 2022), M. Borysenko (Borysenko, 2021), O. Stasiuk (Stasiuk, 2020), V Dokashenko, V Kotsur (Dokashenko & Kontsur, 2022), R. Popp, N. Cantor (Popp & Cantor, 2021) and the others.

The main purpose of the proposed research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the agro-industrial complex development of the Western Ukrainian region at the end of the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s. The source base of the research is based on the materials of the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine, State Archives of Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The chronological framework of the article covers the period of the end of the eighth (1966 - 1970) and the ninth (1971 - 1975) the so-called a five-year plan - centralized Derzhplan for the development of the economy of the USSR.

The Results of the Research. At the end of the 1960s the socio-economic sector of the Western Ukrainian region was in a drastic need of new capital investments, modernization of production, redistribution of labour resources, taking into account a steady growth of state expenditures on the military and industrial complex under the conditions of the growing Cold War. The state and party authorities using methods proven for decades, tried to solve the “negative trends” in the agro-industrial development of the Western Ukrainian region. According to the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine “On Further Development of the National Economy of the Western Regions of the Ukrainian SSR” (1969), there was the need to agree with the project of the main directions of the national economy development of Volyn, Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian), Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions of the Ukrainian SSR developed by the State Planning Committee (the DerzhPlan) of the Ukrainian SSR for 1971 - 1975 (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 103). It was pointed out that the State Plannning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR was in a drastic need to take into account the comments, made by the departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine regarding the development of the western regions of the Republic, as well as the regional committees of the Communist Party, when developing the plan for the development of the “national economy” of the Ukrainian SSR for 1971 - 1975 (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 5).

According to the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR on the accelerated development of the economy of the western regions, the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR prepared the project of the main directions of the development of the “national economy” development of Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions during the years of 1971 - 1975. The total volume of industrial production of the region was planned to increase by 74% (in general, 46,9% in the Republic). Hence, it was assumed that the production of industrial products in Ivano-Frankivsk region would increase by 2 times, in Ternopil region by 85%, in Volyn region, in Rivne region - by 80%, in Zakarpattia region - by 69%, in Lviv region - by 65%, in Chernivtsi region - by 62% (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 20).

In 1971 - 1975, it was planned to increase the production capacity of cement by 600 thousand tons, slate - by 180 million tiles, soft roofing - by 125 million square meters, wall materials - by 547 million units, precast concrete - by 554 thousand square meters. The plan provided for the construction of glass factory with the commissioning of capacities in the amount of 10 million square meters, as well as an increase in the production of ceramic drainage pipes, limestone flour, sanitary and technical products, etc., materials due to the expansion and reconstruction of existing enterprises (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 6).

During the period of 1971 - 1975, in the Western Ukrainian regions, due to the intensification of agricultural production, the gross harvest of grain was expected to increase by 5,5 - 10,9%, sugar beet - by 3,2 - 8,1%, flax - by 8 - 15,6%, meat in live weight - by 16 - 42%, eggs - by 11,6 - 41%. The construction of vegetable bases was also foreseen, which would eventually allow “to improve the use of labour resources in rural areas of these regions” (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 7).

Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Tenopil, and Chernivtsi regional party committees and regional executive committees familiarized themselves with the directions for the development of industry and agriculture proposed by the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR and “basically agreed with them” (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 22). However, there were also comments that, in the opinion of the regional party elite, should be taken into account when drawing up the so-called “five-year”plans. The suggestions of local regional committees were limited to constructing additional plants and factories, to expand / reconstruct a large number of existing enterprises (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 8).

In particular, the Bureau of Volyn Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and the Executive Committee of the Regional Council in the letter of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine considered that the suggestions of the State Planning Committee “ensure mainly the further development of the economy and culture, create proper conditions for a better use of labour resources of the region”. It was established that the creation of new production facilities provided for in the project increased the number of workers by 35,200 people (1,6 times compared to 1968). The party elite of the region stated that the implementation of the project would allow to reformat the structure of agro-industrial production and increase the industrial production in the gross product (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 8). Hence, if in 1968 the expected production of industrial products per capita amounted to 470 karbovansti, then in 1975 the indicator should have amounted to 1042 karbovantsi (2,2 times more). In the region electricity consumption increased from 628 kWh in 1968 to 1,700 in 1975 (2,7 times). Merchandise turnover per capita was to increase over the outlined period from 370 karbovantsi to 632 karbovantsi (by 71%) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 30).

At the same time, Volyn Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine prepared its own proposals for the project, which were supposed to help “to use the productive forces of the region fully”. The party officials insisted on the construction of a new coalmine with a projected capacity of 600,000 tons per year. Its construction was dictated by the need to employ 1,300 miners of Mine No. 6 “Novovolynska”, who were threatened with unemployment due to the lack of promising coal beds for development.

The Bureau of Volyn Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine made significant remarks, which concerned light industry. Hence, the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR for the production of products in natural terms envisaged the production of silk fabrics in the amount of 69,41 million square meters in 1975. However, there were no enterprises of such profile in the region, and they were not included into the list of construction in 1971 - 1975. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned reasons, a specially created commission proposed to construct the following enterprises:

a spinning and weaving factory for the production of silk fabrics with a capacity of 60 thousand spindles and 23,5 million m.p. of raw silk fabrics per year in Kovel;

a factory for the production of silk fabrics in Lutsk;

a spinning and weaving factory with a finishing production capacity of 70 thousand spindles and 67 million linear meters of raw silk fabrics per year in Lutsk (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 190).

The party officials also drew attention to the shortage of certain construction materials, in particular bricks (in 1968, shortage in the region amounted to 70 million units). “If we maintain the projected growth rates of production of wall materials for 1971 - 1975, provided for by the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR, then their deficit in 1975 will reach 96 million units only if centralized capital investments are ensured, without taking into account construction from other sources of financing”, - it was noted in a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Taking into account the above-mentioned factor, it was proposed to provide for the reconstruction of Kulchynsky Silicate Factory in the project with the increase of its capacity to 120 million units of bricks (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 192).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Volyn region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 11)

Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in the document “Remarks on the Project of the Main Directions of the Development of the National Economy of Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Region for 1971 - 1975, Developed by the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR” believed that “the outlined volumes and rates of growth of industrial, agricultural production and capital construction will ensure, in general, further economic development of the region” (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 196). However, according to the regional party elite, the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR still made a number of tactical mistakes when drawing up the project. The Transcarpathian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine proposed:

to carry out the reconstruction of the Perechyn DOK trust of “Zakarpatbud” with an increase in capacity from 14,000 square meters to 100,000 square meters of carpentry with commissioning in 1972;

to reconstruct Uzhhorod plant of reinforced concrete products with an increase in capacity from 21,5 thousand cubic meters to 35 thousand cubic meters of precast reinforced concrete with commissioning in 1971;

to build and put into operation in 1972 a factory for bricks production with a capacity of 100 million pieces;

to build and put into operation in 1975 a drainage pipe workshop in the town of Mukachevo with a capacity of 50 million pieces per year, etc. (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 198).

The local party elite considered it expedient to foresee 45 million karbovantsi of capital investments for housing construction in 1971 - 1975, which was explained by the “extremely unsatisfactory condition of the housing stock, the growth of the urban population, and the low supply of living space”. It was emphasized that in the regional center (Uzhhorod) there were 7,050 houses, of which 4,600 were one-storied buildings. It was “economically unprofitable” for the local authorities to repair them, due to which the number of emergency buildings increased from year to year. A feature of the region is a significant number of gypsies (1,500 people in Uzhhorod), who lived in uninhabitable shacks. Hence, the regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine made the following conclusion, “10 million karbovantsi are needed during the period of 1971 - 1975 to carry out priority works on the improvement of the city of Uzhhorod” (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 55).

It was also considered expedient to put on ice the start of construction of a cotton spinning factory in the village of Irshava from 1975 to 1974 and alow-voltage equipment plant from 1974 till 1973; to include in the construction plan a factory of household chemicals in Uzhhorod in 1971; to increase the volume of land drainage by pot drainage by 5 thousand hectares in a five-year plan; to reduce the volume of furniture production in 1975 by 14 million karbovantsi (not provided for by increased capacity due to allocated capital investments); to provide for the construction in 1971 of a polytechnic school with 1,200 student places and a vocational school for the training of light industry specialists (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 55).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Zakarpattia region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 12)

Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine expressed its own considerations regarding the agro-industrial development of Prykarpattia. In 1971 - 1975, the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR provided for a 2-fold increase in the production of industrial products, grain - by 7%, meat - by 20% (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 103). It was planned to build a tire plant, a nitrogen fertilizer plant, a synthetic detergent plant, a fine organic synthesis plant, a chemical engineering plant, a spare parts plant for cars, two cotton spinning factories, etc. The above-mentioned plans got positive feedback from the local party elite (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 104).

The peculiarity of the region is that Ivano-Frankivsk region is rich in potassium salts. The State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR provided for prospecting in 1971 for reserves of potash salts by industrial categories in the amount of 400 million tons and on these reserves to start the construction of a new potash plant with a capacity of 1 - 1.2 million tons per year with the introduction ofthe first stage by 1980 (Kosharnyj, 1974, p. 56).

At the same time, the local party elite considered it necessary to increase the volume of exploratory drilling in Ivano-Frankivsk region to 15 - 20 thousand meters per year (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 107). In addition, “taking into account the fact that the main increase in oil and gas production in the region is connected with the introduction of new deposits into development”, it was proposed to increase the volume of exploratory drilling works to 120,000 m. (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 109).

The Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine pointed at the fact that the production facilities of Ivano-Frankivsk production association “Ukrholovmiaso” do not ensure the processing of livestock sold to the state by collective farms, state farms and population. In particular, in 1967, 8,500 tons of livestock in live weight were exported outside the region, in 1968 - 10,500 tons. It was vital to have production capacity of 75 tons of meat per day in order to process meat (animals, poultry). Instead, at the end of 1970, they amounted to 45 tons only. It was noted that in the perspective plan for 1971 - 1975 the Ministry of Meat and Dairy Industry of the Ukrainian SSR envisaged the construction of meat processing plant in the town of Kalush, however, in the project of the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR, the construction of the above-mentioned object was not provided for (SAIFR, f. Р-1, d. 1, c. 4048, p. 110).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Ivano-Frankivsk region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 12)

Lviv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine made comments on the volume of central capital investments in the agro-industrial sector of the region. It was considered necessary “to ensure the expected level of production” in order to increase the amount of capital investments and construction and installation works by 479 million karbovantsi, including: mechanical engineering - 42,9 million karbovantsi; coal industry - 77 million karbovantsi, construction materials industry - 30 million karbovantsi; construction industry - 19,4 million karbovantsi; transport - 50 million karbovantsi; agriculture - 50 million karbovantsi; housing construction - 76,5 million karbovantsi; education - 40 million karbovantsi; culture - 3,3 million karbovantsi (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 8).

There was a small amount of funds for the construction of transport infrastructure, which was a matter of a particular concern. It was established that the trunk roads of national significance Lviv - Uzhhorod - Chop and Lviv - Mukachevo - the state border, in particular their sections on the Carpathian passes, do not provide a proper passage of cargo and military transport, which led to an “urgent need for the reconstruction of the mentioned roads within Lviv region” (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 9).

Regarding land reclamation, Lviv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine noted that there were 517,000 hectares of swampy and waterlogged land in the region, of which 300,000 hectares need to be drained with pottery drainage. The party officials proposed to include additionally 261,000 hectares in the drainage plan during the years of 1971 - 1975, including 100,000 hectares with pottery drainage. It was also established that almost a third of agricultural land in the region was located in the floodplains of mountain rivers (their length is 931 km). Taking into account the above-mentioned factor, the annual losses to agriculture caused during spring and summer floods, ranged from 2 to 8 million karbovantsi. It is proposed to provide for 1971 - 1975 allocations for the regulation of river flows in the region in the amount of 29,9 million karbovantsi. (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 12).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Lviv region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, s. 13)

Rivne Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine noted that three branches of industry (food, light, woodworking) accounted for approximately 60% of all industrial production of the region (Kosharnyj, p. 170). For these reasons, the local party elite considered it expedient to develop other branches of industry, which was informed by the

State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR as early as in 1968. “These suggestions envisaged a significant reduction of the disparity between the number of men and women, who were involved in industrial production, and the improvement of the structure of the industrial branches of the region”, - noted the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 162).

In this context, Rivne Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine tried to convince the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine of the need to establish a number of machine-building, electrical engineering, and instrument-making enterprises in the region, in 1971 - 1975. In particular, it was proposed to build 4 mechanical engineering plants with a total number of 13,000 employees, as well as 2 electrotechnical and instrument manufacturing plants with a total number of 4,000 employees in Rivne. “The feasibility of building these enterprises... is confirmed by the presence of a well-developed network of railways and highways, construction materials and the necessary number of labour resources,” - summarized the party officials (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 162).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Rivne region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 14)

Ternopil Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine “based on balance calculations” asked the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR to review its own proposals and accept comments related to the possible size of the city's population. In order of “a further use of labour resources and more full employment of the working population”, (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 203), the local party elite made suggestions for additional construction in the region, in 1971 - 1975:

a branch of the “Electroarmatura” plant with a capacity of 20 million products / year in the city of Ternopil;

two workshops for the production of electrical products with a capacity of 45 million products in the village of Pidvolochysk and 20 million / year in the city of Terebovlia;

skimmed milk powder plant with a capacity of 2,5 tons of milk powder and 6,5 tons of whole milk products in the village of Pidvolochysk and Kozova each;

cannery of the Regional Kharchprom of the Ministry of Food Industry of the Ukrainian SSR with a capacity of 5 million / year in the village of Shumske;

fruit and vegetable plant “Holovkonservu” with a capacity of 20 million / year in the village of Laivtsi;

- bread factory with a capacity of 40 t/day in Terebovlia, etc. (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 203)

Taking into account that “in the region, the volume of capital investments is increasing every year” (Kosharnyj, s. 104), Ternopil Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine noted the fact of growing demand for wall materials (in 1968 alone, the deficit amounted to 223 million bricks), which is why in 1971 - 1974 it offered to increase capital investment in the building materials industry by 64%. At the same time, “in order to satisfy the needs of the population with living space..., social and cultural institutions”, local party officials asked to review the outlined indicators and bring them into line with the development of the region's industry (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 224).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Ternopil region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 15)

The communists of Chernivtsi region expressed critical considerations regarding the plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in the development of the agro-industrial complex. In particular, the local regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine noted that there were many light industry enterprises operating in the region, where “women's labour is mainly used”. At the same time, in a current five-year plan, the construction of new enterprises began, which employed women mainly. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned reasons, the local party elite insisted on cancelling the construction plans of a silk plant and a suit fabric plant in Chernivtsi, in 1971 - 1975. “It is impossible to locate them in district centers due to the fact that population is small there”, - the party officials noted (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 222).

Taking into account the above-mentioned, the local regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine offered to support the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR in the intention to build a bearing plant in Chernivtsi, “where it would be possible to employ men, who are not employed in production”. A specific attention was also drawn to the fact that many enterprises in the city of Chernivtsi were located in premises that, on the one hand, were “unsuitable for the organization of technological processes, and on the other hand, were in an emergency state. It was considered appropriate to provide for the allocation of the necessary funds for the reconstruction of a leather goods factory, a factory of household chemicals, headgear, textile and art products, and a metal stamping factory given the above- mentioned reasons (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 224).

The list of the most important industrial enterprises that were supposed to be built in Chernivtsi region (1971 - 1975) (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 15)

According to the commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR expressed its own considerations regarding the proposals of the regional committees of the western Ukrainian regions. In particular, if local party officials proposed to increase the estimated urban population of individual cities in Lviv region, in particular Lviv, by 50,000 people as of 1975, and to increase the total population in Ternopil region by 138,600 people due to mechanical growth, then the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR believed that at the stage of development of the main directions of development of the “national economy” for 1971 - 1975 “there is no reason to make changes in the estimated population size” (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 10). It was pointed out that the Resolutions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR limited the growth of the population of cities, in particular in Lviv (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, pp. 19-21).

Regarding the construction of new enterprises, the State Planning Committee proposed to solve the problem in stages. Hence, in the coal industry, this issue should be resolved “in accordance with the state of the irrigation balance of the Republic for 1971 - 1975, taking into account the possibility of increasing the specific weight of progressive types of fuel in this balance” (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 12). The proposal of Lviv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine to increase the primary processing of oil in the region was also not supported by economists. It was established that there will be the drastic need of petroleum products in 1975 and will amount to no more than 2.3 million tons in Lviv region. For the above-mentioned reasons, “it is impractical to increase the volume of primary oil processing to 3,9 million tons”. Furthermore, it was noted that Naddvirniansky and Drohobytsky oil refineries supplied the Western Ukrainian regions with oil products, and the region did not have additional raw materials for increasing processing volumes (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 12).

The proposal made by Lviv regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine regarding the expansion of Dobrotvirska DRES could not be supported, since its construction had already been completed to the design capacity, and the construction and assembly organization was transferred to the construction of Burshtynska DRES (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 45). Regional organizations requested to locate 16 enterprises in the field of mechanical engineering and metalworking in the Western Ukrainian region additionally. Warnings of local communists elicited positive feedback from the State Planning Commission, however, according to the planners, the issue required “additional study together with the Union ministries and agencies” (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 203).

The State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR recognized the fact that the volume of production of building materials and structures in the Western Ukrainian regions did not meet the needs of construction: in 1968 the deficit of wall materials amounted to 375 million units in these regions (SALR, f. P-3, d. 13, c. 31, p. 56). The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR dated June 19, 1968 approved a set of measures for the development of the building materials industry in the 1968s - 1970s, but the problem was not resolved. The development of light and food industry caused many questions from the local party elite, but there was a lack of sound technical and economic calculations, which made further development in these areas impossible (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2723, p. 12).

The State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR objected to the construction of another sugar factory in Rivne region. It was assumed that the production capacity of the operating sugar plants in 1975 would be 121,5 thousand tons of beet processing per day, and harvesting of sugar beets - 13,8 million tons. Such amount of beets could be processed in 122 days, which was significantly less than the average duration of production in the Republic (CSAPAU, f. 1, d. 24, c. 2721, p. 24).

Despite the well-founded proposals of regional committees of Western Ukrainian regions to increase the volume of capital investments in the economy of Western Ukrainian regions (1971 - 1975), the State Planning Committee of the Ukrainian SSR considered it inexpedient to increase the financing of these regions from 6 billion to 7,3 billion karbovantsi, because “at the same time, the growth of ...