The development process and characteristics of the boundary of Hokkaido university Sapporo campus

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The development process and characteristics of the boundary of Hokkaido university Sapporo campus

Onuma Otoya

Ozawa Takeo

HU, Sapporo, Japan

Abstract

campus peripheral urban space

This paper examines the development process of fences on Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus boundary, which was related with the development process of northern side of Sapporo.

Keywords: campus development, campus maintenance, urban space, boundary, urbanization.

Процесс развития и характеристика границ кампуса университета Хоккайдо в Саппоро

Онума Отойя, Озава Такео

УХ, Саппоро, Япония

Абстракт

В этой статье рассматривается процесс развития границ кампуса университета Хоккайдо в Саппоро, который был связан с развитием северной части города Саппоро.

Ключевые слова: развитие кампуса, содержание и техническое обслуживание кампуса, городское пространство, границы, урбанизация.

Introduction

Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus has an extensive area, spanning from West 5 to West 13 streets and from North 8 to North 24 streets, north of Sapporo Station, and is one of the important public spaces of this city. Although the campus is surrounded by walls and fences, there are no fences along the public promenade in West 5-13, North 18. The state of the boundary should contribute to a good relationship between the university campus and the peripheral city space. However, it is hard to say that the present situation of the fences, as well as the space around them, are the consequence of a well-thought strategy. A lot of research!) has been done on this topic; for example, there is a university history archives. These investigations include records of university facilities changes and other events, but there is no thesis that focuses on the boundary of Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development process of the fences and around the campus, and clarifies the characteristics of this process experienced by Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus. As a method of research, former research works and map data2) are used to understand the development process of Hokkaido University and the north area of Sapporo Station. In addition, it is necessary to classify the background and the purpose of the development process of the fences, based on in-campus materials3)4)5)6). Furthermore, a field survey7) is used to focus on Hokkaido University boundary composition.

Formation process of Sapporo Campus boundary, Hokkaido University

The development process of Hokkaido University and the northern side of Sapporo Station are summarized on table. 1. Taking advantage of the relocation of University buildings in 1903 (36 of Meiji), various facilities of Hokkaido University expanded to the north of Sapporo Station before the urbanization of the areas around the campus. In 1903 various university buildings were relocated to an undeveloped area to the north of Sapporo Station. After that, around 1965 (40 of Showa), this undeveloped area surrounding the university grounds became urbanized. In 1965 a plan to open a new path in the vicinity of Kita 18 street, that would cut through the university grounds, was proposed. This new street was named Kanjo street. The interaction with the city, that kept growing and occupying the areas around Hokkaido University, became something that could not be ignored. Figure.1 shows a classification of Hokkaido University boundaries, were built as described by the above sequence of events, and divided into categories 1-8. The development process of the fences is summarized on table.2. The development process of the fences and the space around them has been divided into 3 categories according to the historical period.

Table 1. The Development of Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus and the Northen Side of Sapporo Station

Figure. 1 Distribution diagram of fences and gates at the boundary

Table 2. Development process of Fences

Development of the fences along the east side of Sapporo Campus In 1904, a year after relocation of the school building of Sapporo Agricultural College, the main gate of brickwork and wooden fence was newly established in ®. According to the "Hokkaido Imperial University newspaper" (S11.1.14), the main gate of the time was called "a glorious gate that strikesly produces the power of northern cultural development", symbolic existence for Hokkaido University officials Met. In addition, the wooden fence was thought to be established for the purpose of protecting the management of grazing land and farm 8) that was at the site of the current medical department at that time. According to the newspaper (S11.6.9), poplar was recognized as "boundary between the University of Hokkaido and the surrounding area", "Insulating Elm's school from the atmosphere of the city". In 1951, the maintenance division, which was responsible for the facility maintenance at the University of Hokkaido, decided to change the wooden fence of © into a concrete wall due to aging. According to the university newspaper (S11.6.9), for this decision, Sapporo City has requested the Ministry of Health and Welfare to consider the city planning street of Sapporo City in 1965. In response to that, the maintenance division offered a part of the premises of Hokkaido University as a road site, and established a concrete fence at a position 2 cm below the original wooden fence position. By this maintenance the poplar inside © wooden fence was cut down. At this time there were no obstacles on the site boundaries of the northern part of the North University and the farm where the farm was located, and the scope of the site was not clearly recognized 9).

Development of fences at Hokkaido University boundary

In 1964, the Facility Planning Committee, which is planning the future of Hokkaido University, decided on a policy to establish a hindrance to all of the site boundaries of Hokkaido University. Particularly in © is "to be suitable for the environment of our university and stately .... permanent" 10) We were trying to set up an fence. A masonry fence was established on © and @ in Showa 40 - 41 and a fence of wire mesh on the farm side site border line of © and © in 1974. In the same year, the Tendo Sapporo line under the hillway was opened to the west side of the Hokkaido University, and a fence of the wire mesh was newly established as a supplementary project of Sapporo City at @-A, @-B. The Faculty of Agriculture requested Sapporo City to plant trees on the side of the north side of the sidewalk on the outside of the fence, concerned about the increase in traffic volume due to road improvement due to the dust damage on the farm, planting trees on sidewalks.

Development of the boundary for open universities

In 1974, the committee decided the policy "to ensure continuity with the surrounding areas" 11) by the planned arrangement of entrances in the campus plan. At the same time, the committee decided to carry out developement considering users outside the university under the policy "open university"12). According to the above policy, it was decided to carry out renovation of the gate in 3rd year13). They decided to do maintenance in the first year, 4 places of Kita-11-jo gate (now Nitobe gate), Kita-13-jo gate, Kita-14-jo gate (current hospital main gate), Kita-15-jo gate (current hospital passing gate), in the 2nd year, 2 places of Kita- 18-jo gates, training center gate, in the third year, 3 places of farm gate (current Soen gate), backside gate of faculty of agriculture, Clark hall gate. Of the above 9 places, 5 gates correspond to ©, which shows that the maintenance of © was regarded as a important thing. In 1996, the campus master plan '9614) (CMP 96) was formulated and a policy was set to make the boundary "open" 15) During this period, the urbanization around Hokkaido University was remarkable, and in CMP 96 a plan to establish a new entrance to © - © was established. In the committee 16) to examine the contents of CMP 96, the farm director at the time was oriented toward "farms opened to the community as well as considering city planning of the city." In addition, at the time the development of the Soen area on the western side of the Hokkaido University has progressed, and in the aim of opening the campus to the western urban area and adapting it to maintenance of the north campus, © adjacent to the mulberry area, Shinkawa gate and Soen gate The policy to establish a new one was decided. In 2001, the subsurface formation of the North 18 Road (©) which had divided Hokkaido University into the north and south was completed, and the promenade was improved on the ground. Along with this maintenance, the fence installed in part of ©-B was removed and a wooden fence was installed.

Current status of boundary of Hokkaido University Sapporo campus

Table.3 shows the classification © - © of the current boundary and presence or absence of gaze missing / passing through in theirs. © and @ are masonry fence with profound feeling and planting trees are found on top of it. Also, the inside of the masonry fence is embanked, and lawn and trees are found thereon. © - ©'s is Wire mesh fence about 2 m in height with barbed wire, which aims to control the animals owned by Hokkaido University and to restrict access to the farm. On the other hand, there are damaged parts that need to be repaired and parts that do not have the fence itself. ©-A is treeplanting only and there is no fence. Therefore, it is possible to freely enter and leave from the promenade to the surrounding greensy places and plazas. In © - C, a fake wooden fence made of resin was seen. In ©-B, there is no fence, but sinks are made at the boundary. Next, attention was paid to the gate of Hokkaido University, and it was divided into those that the general person can pass through and those that only the people concerned can pass (Table.4). In ©, ©, ©, there are 6, 8, and 5 places for gates that ordinary people can pass through, and "Continuity with neighboring areas" is ensured compared with @ - ©. On the other hand, in © - © adjacent to the farm, there are only three gates that ordinary people can pass.

Table 3. Components of enclosure and missing gaze /presence of walkthrough

Table 4. Distribution of the gates at the boundary

Lxplanalorv Notes О Yes Д Can not say either * No

Comprehensive Study

In this paper, the readjustment processes of Hokkaido University site boundary fences are divided into 3 periods I-III and their characteristics are presented.During period I, wooden fences were installed for the purpose of protecting the farms and controlling the livestock around area 1. That was the first fence installed by Hokkaido University. During period II, urbanization spread around the University grounds. Consequently, fence planning was overtaken by a facility planning committee created to that end. In area 1, stone fences replaced the older fences, and wire mesh fences were installed on areas 4 and 6 to preserve the farms. Especially, the installation of fences in 4-A and 4-B was a municipal project to compensate the University for the installation of roads inside its grounds. During period III, the facility planning committee showed an “open university” maintenance policy that sought to accommodate off-campus visitors by creating new gateways. Furthermore, on CMP96 the establishment of new gates and “open” boundaries were features planned following this “open university” policy. When Kita 18 street was taken underground, the fences on 7-B where removed and new wooden fences were installed. The above-ground space thus liberated was made into a promenade. During this period, the university conducted a boundary maintenance and improvement plan considering the relationship between the campus and its surrounding areas.

As stated above, Hokkaido University has been changing its approach on how to maintain the site boundaries. The site boundary conceived by CMP96 was only partially implemented (i.e. the Kita 18 street promenade). Therefore, the other site boundary maintenance plans should be reconsidered according to the present situation.

References

1. For example, research papers include Daisuke Shibata "Transition of Hokkaido University Campus Plan" (2000, Hokkaido University Graduation thesis) etc, etc., published by the university publications in the 125-year history editing room of Hokkaido University "Photograph collection Hokkaido University 125 years" (Hokkaido University, 2001) And the like.

2. "Sapporo City Municipal Diagram", etc. and aerial photographs of the Geographical Survey Institute.

3. Drawing for facility maintenance in the facility section of Hokkaido University.

4. History of Hokkaido University belonging to Hokkaido University's National Property.

5. There is a conference record of the facility planning committee of the facility department of Hokkaido University.

6. Hokkaido Imperial University newspaper in Hokkaido University attached library.

7. I photographed each boundary from 6th to 16th November, 2017.

8. Iwasawa Kenzo "Hokkaido University Historical walk" (Hokkaido University Library, 1986), p. 124.

9. According to Keisuke Iwasawa "History walk at Hokkaido University" (Hokkaido University Library Publishing Association, S61), when the survey of the Hokkaido University campus was conducted in 1964, the North Korean university official said, "" On this side of the railroad, It is a land of Hokkaido University until it sinks "and was proud of saying" You said.

10. The 4th Meeting of the Facility Planning Committee (S40.10.18).

11. On Hokkaido University "Environmental Improvement at Hokkaido University"(547.11), "At this university, isolation is not allowed under the influence of a rapid urbanization in recent years. As a result of planned entry and exit entrance placement and smooth flow line planning, it is necessary to ensure continuity with the surrounding area".

12. Hokkaido University "About environmental improvement at Hokkaido University" (547.11) states that "The role as an open university, such as popularization of higher education, roles of the university as an intellectual industry, reduction of research achievements to society, etc. It gets even bigger."

13. Hokkaido University "Environment Improvement Implementation Plan" (S47.11).

14. Hokkaido University Facilities Planning Committee * Campus Master Plan Committee "Hokkaido University Campus Master Plan '96" (H 9.2).

15. says, "Create trees for creating natural environments that support university functions and reform physically created boundaries into open ones".

16. Sapporo Complex Campus Plan Working Group.

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