Application of PLC control systems in solar panels

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Azerbaijan state oil and industry university

Application of PLC control systems in solar panels

Isayeva T.M., Associate professor

Hajiyev R.E., Master student

Baku, Azerbaijan

Annotation

Keywords: SCADA, PV systems, PLC, Analog inputs, Inverter, Solar Power Plant.

Аннотация

Исаева Т.М., Гаджиев Р.Э., Применение систем управления PLC в солнечных панелях

Программируемое логическое управление (ПЛК) -- это промышленный компьютер, специально разработанный для управления производственным процессом, таким как робототехника, сборочная линия, электростанция и т.д. Программа управления ПЛК анализирует входной сигнал, чтобы определить состояние выхода в соответствии с тем, что было предварительно запрограммировано пользователем. В этой статье обсуждается применение ПЛК в качестве АВР для сетевой фотоэлектрической системы на PLTS Jakabaring, которая является крупнейшей фотоэлектрической электростанцией в Палембанге. Результаты данных показывают применение ПЛК в качестве АВР для фотоэлектрической системы, АВР играет важную роль для системы из-за независимости системы от солнечного излучения.

Ключевые слова: SCADA, фотоэлектрические системы, ПЛК, аналоговые входы, инвертор, солнечная электростанция.

industrial control computer robotics automatic transfer switch jakabaring

ATS is used to control the transfer of power from the main source (utility power) to the backup source (generator) using a machine controller and relay switches that are placed in one electrical panel [2-4]. ATS systems are excellent domestic application and are cheaper and easier to install than conventional switches [6]. The main thing in Automatic Transfer Switch is to produce power with a low- cost relay. ATS disconnects utility and generator through circuit breakers that provide fast protection and provides a form of electrical interlock. This is a crucial feature when seeking compliance standards. ATS does not have to be able to continuously feed the power back from the generator to the utility. Therefore, it also functions to prevents unnecessary back feeding [2]. Photovoltaic (PV) is a semiconductor device that can change irradiance from the sun into electricity. If the solar cell receives a beam of light, the output terminals produce DC current, therefore it is sometimes called DC power plants. On-grid PV systems have the advantage of utilizing the power delivered more effectively. However, the technical requirements of the power system network side and PV system side must be synchronized to ensure PV security and utility network reliability. Clarifying technical requirements for grid- interconnection and how to solve the problems arose by the connection is a significant issue for on-grid PV system. This paper discussed the application of PLC as an ATS for on-grid PV system. The data is taken and analyzed from a PV System in Jakabaring Palembang, Indonesia that is intended to power Jakabaring sports city, where the Asian Games 2018 is held. PLTS Jakabaring (Jakabaring Solar Power Plant) is the biggest PV power plant in Palembang. Therefore, it is interesting to discuss the application of PLC as an ATS in controlling which electric power source used to power Jakabaring Sports City to ensure there is no power outage during Asian Games 2018.

PLC as an ATS in this study is to switch electric power source from Jakabaring Solar Power Plant to PLN (State Electricity Company). If interference occurs or the generated power is not enough to supply Jakabaring Sports City, the ATS will automatically switch to PLN. ATS is typically multi-pole switches. Thus, an automatic transfer switch used with a three phase, four wire system will always include three poles for switching the three phase conductors of the load between the three phase conductors of the regular power source and the three phase conductors of the emergency power source. The fourth, neutral conductor of the load is often permanently connected to the neutral conductors of the normal and emergency sources. Figure 1 shows the layout design of PLC as an ATS in Jakabaring Solar Power Plant. The PC that is used serves to remotely monitor which must be connected to the internet network and has been synchronized with the PLC using a LAN (Ethernet) cable. Remote monitoring is used as a device that can be controlled by sending control information and receiving information status from equipment connected to the network. The operator interfaces enable monitoring the process commands such as set point changes. However, the networked modules that connect to the field sensors and actuators are performed by a controller. SCADA connects to remote I/O to collect the data from Inverter and current PV from the combiner box and also included is the alarm of surge detection in the box. It is the interface to 5 Remote I/O equipment system which supports 32 Analog inputs and 32 Digital inputs and performs as a Data logging and control system to collect all data from Inverter, Meter, Temperature Sensor, WIND sensor and pyranometer and the current of Solar combiner box.

Figure 1. Layout design PLC at Jakabaring Solar Power Plant Palembang

The controller sends all data to the server via GPRS modem and stores all of the data into memory. The client software can connect to the web browser to log in to the system and see the SCADA real-time status, Alarm, Event, Power consumption, Communication efficiency, Inverter status, Electricity production, DC and AC voltage, and current logging and Trend graph, etc. Weather monitoring is used to monitor the weather around the solar panel. The purpose of using this sensor to observe the daily weather since PV system production depends on the amount of irradiance that is received by the panels. Weather monitoring consists of various components, namely:

Pyranometer is a sensor used to measure solar irradiance on a PV panel surface and solar radiation in flux density W/m2.

Outside Lufft Sensor, is a sensor used to measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, solar direction, brightness, and global radiation dusk. This sensor is connected through the RS485 interface serial.

Temperature module consists of a series of temperature sensors at Jakabaring Solar Power Plant Palembang.

Figure 2. Layout PLC switch for an on-grid position at Jakabaring Solar Power Plant Palembang

Conclusion

Jakabaring Solar Power Plant is an on-grid PV system connected to PLN. The application of PLC as an ATS at Jakabaring Solar Power Plant is to automate the switching proses of exporting and importing electrical energy to ensure no power outage in Jakabaring Sports City during Asian Games 2018. The data is taken before the event, however, the load needed to power are more-less the same. Data results show the application of PLC as an ATS for a PV system, and the ATS hold an important role for the system due to the system independence of solar irradiance. Without the application of ATS, the possibility of power outage due to weather condition that can change dramatically during the day.

References

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3. Tsagaris A. and Triantafyllidis DG 2012 Data Monitoring System for Supervising. The Performance Assessment of a Photovoltaic Park CINTI 2012 - 13th IEEE Int Symposium of Computional Intelligence Informatics, Proceedings p 385;

4. Eltawil M.A. and Zhao Z. 2010 Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Systems: Technical and Potential Problems-a ReviewRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol 14 p 112;

5. Ishikawa T. 2002 Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Systems: Survey of Inverter and Related Protection Equipments IEA International Energy Agency;

6. Yudha H.M. 2018 Life Cycle Analysis for the Feasibility of Photovoltaic System Application in Indonesia IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environment Science;

7. Atwater H.A. and Polman A. 2010 Plasmonics for Improved Photovoltaic Devices Nature Materials vol 9 p 205;

8. Esram T. and Chapman P.L. 2007 Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion vol 22 p 439

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