The apocryphaic image saint Mykola Sviatosha
Most of the information about the saint is contained in his life, which is part of the original version of the Kiev-Pechersk paternik, created at the beginning of the 13th century. The document was written in the context of the monastic tradition.
| Рубрика | Религия и мифология |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 17.04.2024 |
| Размер файла | 13,0 K |
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The apocryphaic image saint Mykola Sviatosha
Safonova Irina,
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Cultural Studies and Intercultural Communications of the National Academy of Management of Culture and Arts, docent, Honored Worker of Education of Ukraine
Prince of Lutsk, son of Prince David of Chernihiv, great-grandson of the wise Yaroslav, priest Mykola-Sviatoslav Sviatosha deserves attention for his extraordinary personality. Despite the unusual profile of Pastor Mykola Sviatosha, there is still no detailed scholarly biography of this righteous man. Other works include short popular science biographies, publications, and references. The saint is mentioned in the Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon, which contains his life, in the Tale of Bygone Years, some monuments and synodics, and in literary monuments of the early twelfth century.
Most of the information about the saint is found in his Life, which is part of the original version of the Kyiv Cave Paternik, created in the early 13 th century, a century after the saint's death. It should be noted that this work is not devoid of certain mythological themes. Given this, as well as the considerable time difference between the time of the prince's death and the creation of the Paterik, the information about the prince's life presented here should be treated with caution. As the document itself testifies, it was written in the context of the monastic tradition. saint paternik monastic
The first prince in history to become a monk lived an open monastic life, not enjoying any privileges or favors for him, especially with regard to food. In his monastic obedience, Mykola Sviatosha guarded the main entrance of the Kyiv Cave Monastery, the Church of the Holy Trinity, to which he donated money. However, no one has studied in detail the building materials and construction methods of this church. Nevertheless, there has been no real evidence that the Church of the Holy Trinity was built with a gatehouse in the early twelfth century.
In the Life, the story of the personal healer of the Syrian prince Peter, who apparently died voluntarily instead of St. Nicholas Sviatosh, is not very clear.
In the context of the portrait of St. Sviatosh, it is worth noting that we were not lucky enough to find very old images of the saint.
The earliest copy we have found, fortunately, is a 1658 engraving in the 1661 edition of the Kyiv Cave Paternik. In one plan, the saint is depicted in monastic clothes. He holds a cauldron and a spoon in his left hand and a key in his right. At his feet are a crown and a scepter.
The right corner of the woodcut shows the Church of the Holy Trinity and several smaller buildings without crosses, possibly the monastery kitchen or refectory.
Although hagiographic literature is a field of research for historians and linguists, not all topics have been adequately studied to date. One of these unexplored problems of Old Russian hagiography and hagiography is the history of the life and deeds, their recording in the literature of the first (and only!) famous princely monk of pre-Mongol Rus, who not only voluntarily took monastic vows but also devoted most of his life to God (he spent 36 years in the Kyiv Cave
Monastery, 30 of which were spent as a monk) - Sviatosh Davydovych, known in chronicles as Mykola Sviatosh, whose separate story was included in the Kyiv Cave Paternik.
It makes sense to assume that the early lives of many ancient Russian saints have been lost to date, and the Life of Mykola Sviatosha may be among them.
The facts of the prince's biography appear on the pages of reference publications [2, 401], R. Zotov, E. E. Holubynsky, G. P. Fedotov, V. M. Rychka, and others. Recently, the biography of the venerable prince has become the subject of special research. However, many questions remain unresolved regarding the hagiographic works about the prince-monk, as well as the ownership of the Holy Crosses.
The story of the spiritual exploits of St. Sviatosh begins with his departure from the worldly princely life to the Kyiv Cave Monastery, followed by the test of faith and the struggle for obedience. The story of his faith is that he served in the kitchen for 3 years, in the gatehouse for 3 years, and he healed his doctor Peter with prayer within 3 days after he came to the monastery to dissuade him from the ascetic life, after which Peter was ordained in the Kyiv Cave Monastery and died instead of the prince-monk. Then it tells about the death of the holy prince himself and, finally, about the miracle after his death [1, 155-160].
The Holy Trinity Gate Church was built thanks to the donations of Mykola Sviatosh (as stated in the "Word"), who gave money for the construction and personally supervised the work. And here it is worth mentioning one interesting discovery that took place during repair and restoration work in the 80s of the nineteenth century: in a small cavity in the southern wall, workers came across two ancient wooden crosses (originally thought to be medals) decorated with gilded copper plates and enamel. Experts dated them to the tenth and eleventh centuries. According to the famous historian academician M. I. Petrov, the crosses were a relic of Chernihiv princes. At the beginning of the construction of the church itself, Mykola Sviatosha embedded the family shrine in the wall above the existing gate.
References
1. Diane le Berrurier. Icons from the deep / Diane le Berrurier. Archaeology. 1988. 387 с.
2. Jeckel Stefan. Russische Metall-Ikonen-in Formsand gegossener Glaube, 1995. 264 с.
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