Developing green tourism to create sustainable livelihood in response to climate change in the Cuu Long river delta in Vietnam
Components of green tourism. Sustainable livelihoods adapting to climate change. Current situation of livelihoods associated with green tourism. Policy implications for developing green tourism associated livelihood models adapting to climate change.
| Рубрика | Спорт и туризм |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 13.11.2020 |
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DEVELOPING GREEN TOURISM TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CUU LONG RIVER DELTA IN VIETNAM
Vu Dinh Hoa (Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
Vu Dinh Hoa - Candidate of Geographical Sciences
ACADEMY OF POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT, HANOI, SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Abstract: climate change is the biggest challenge for sustainable development in Cuu Long river delta region of Vietnam. The reason is because climate change has created a series of impacts which negatively influence livelihoods and the prosperity of the community here. At the moment, the main livelihood of people in the Cuu Long river delta are based on natural resources; include activities such as fishing and rice production, which are vulnerable by climate. Based on this fact, the research has proposed to shift the livelihood from nature- dependent livelihood into green tourism livelihood. It is due to the fact that green tourism is considered an effective tool in coping with climate change. This direction will also improve local residents' livelihood. Through the investigation of documents; synthesized and statistical methods, this study examine the livelihood models associated with green tourism in the Cuu Long river delta. From that, recommendations in term of policy will be suggested to improve the livelihood by associating with green tourism, which help create development that is sustainable to climate change in this region in the future.
Keywords: climate change, green tourism, sustainable livelihoods, Cuu Long river delta.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЗЕЛЕНОГО ТУРИЗМА ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО УРОВНЯ ЖИЗНИ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА В ДЕЛЬТЕ РЕКИ КЫУЛОНГ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ
Ву Динь Хоа (Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам)
Ву Динь Хоа - кандидат географических наук,
Академия политики и развития при Министерстве планирования и инвестиций, г. Ханой, Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам
Аннотация: изменение климата является самой большой проблемой для устойчивого развития в дельте реки Кыулог во Вьетнаме. Причина в том, что изменение климата создало ряд воздействий, которые негативно влияют на средства к существованию и процветание сообщества здесь. В настоящее время основные средства к существованию людей в дельте реки Кыулонг основаны на природных ресурсах; включают такие виды деятельности, как рыболовство и производство риса, которые уязвимы для климата. Основываясь на этом факте, исследование предложило сместить средства к существованию со средств к существованию, зависящих от природы, в средства к существованию для зеленого туризма. Это связано с тем, что зеленый туризм считается эффективным инструментом в борьбе с изменением климата. Это направление также улучшит уровень жизни местных жителей. Через расследование документов, синтезированные и статистические методы, это исследование исследует модели средств к существованию, связанные с зеленым туризмом в дельте реки Кыулонг. Исходя из этого, будут предложены рекомендации с точки зрения политики для улучшения средств к существованию путем объединения с зеленым туризмом, что поможет создать развитие, устойчивое к изменению климата в этом регионе в будущем.
Ключевые слова: климат, зеленый туризм, дельтa реки, Кыулонг, Вьетнам
Introduction
According to the warning of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) Vietnam is one of the countries in the world which suffered the most from the impacts of climate change (CC). Therefore, improving people's and communities' livelihoods in response to climate change are not only goals, request but also important matter identified in legal documents, policies and sustainable development direction in Vietnam. This is even more significant to the Cuu Long river Delta (CLRD), which is one of the three delta suffers the most from rise in sea level [1]. According to the average emission scenario which belong to rise in sea level in CLRD scenario announced by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam) in 2016, the annual average temperature in the CLRD will increase from 0,3-0,5oC in 2020; from 0,8-,4oC in 2050; rainfall in the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season will decrease, by about 3% in 2020 and by around 8% in 2050; the average sea level will increase by 30cm in 2050 and by 75cm in 2100. The rise in sea level and the decrease in water flow from the upper Mekong River result in drought, saline intrusion, fresh water shortage, river bank-coast erosion and land subsidence. These are heavily affecting the sustainable development of the CLRD. According to calculations, if the sea level rises by 1m, about 38.9% of the CLRD area will be flooded, 1.77 million hectares of land, which account for 45% of the land area in the CLRD, will be saline [2]. In the context that climate change becoming clearer day by day and the livelihoods and living of people in the region still mainly depend on agricultural activities and the use of natural resources, there are potential risks that could damage people in this region. Therefore, it is important and essential to pick the most suitable livelihood to adapt to climate change in CLRD.
Over the years, green tourism has been growing rapidly in many countries around the world and in Vietnam. green tourism not only contributes to nature conservation, biodiversity and community culture protection, but also, at the same time, brings tremendous economic benefits, creates job opportunities to raise income for the country, as well as local communities, especially people in remote areas. These remote areas often possess nature reserves area and attractive landscapes; however, these places are vulnerable to extreme weather events such as flood and drought. In addition, green tourism also helps improving people's literacy and public health through environmental education, historical culture and leisure activities. Therefore, green tourism is also seen as a very effective solution to improve livelihood assets and protect the ecological environment through the reduction in exploitation pressure on natural and cultural resources.
CLRD which features unique wetland ecosystems, dense system of rivers, canals and ditches, rich product, gardens with a great variety of fruit, generous people and unique cultural traditions associated with river ... CLRD has great potentials and advantages to develop tourism, especially green tourism. This will create sustainable livelihoods to adapt to climate change in future.
Literature review
Green tourism
Over the years, green tourism has been growing rapidly in many countries around the world. Green tourism has attracted the attention of different social classes as well as researchers. Research on green tourism is mentioned in studies of Sung-kwon (2003) [3], Hung (2012) [4] and Luong (2015) [5], Shwn-Meei Leeat (2016) [6] and international organizations such as UNWTO (2012) [7]. The content of these studies mainly addresses the concept, role and factors affecting the formation and development of green tourism. The detail are as follows:
According to Sung-kwon et al (2003) [3] green tourism has been used interchangeably with such concepts as ecotourism, nature tourism, and rural tourism. Businesses have generally adopted a broader meaning for green tourism: any tourism activity operating in an environmentally friendly manner.
Hung's research (2012) [4] considers that green tourism is a form of tourism based on nature and culture, with element of environmental education that contributes to conservation and sustainable development efforts, with active participation of local community.
According to World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) [7], green tourism consists of "tourism activities that can be maintained, or sustained, indefinitely in their social, economic, cultural and environmental contexts".
Shwn-Meei Leeat al. 2016 [6] suggested that green tourism is a term that can be applied to any form of tourism that relates to the natural environment and cultural heritage of an area or that undertakes good environmental management (or green) practice. There are three methods included by which a tourism practice would have to suggest practices for preventing or minimizing harmful to the environment if it were to be considered green operations as follows: (i) The wise use of resources such as raw materials, water and energy. (ii) The prevention of pollution (air, land, and water). (iii) The protection and where possible the enhancement of biodiversity.
Based on previous studies, the author identified green tourism is the concept used to describe the practices of tourism industry that are responsible for economic, cultural and social, and environmental sustainability. Green tourism aims at using energy efficiently and economically (using renewable energy); limiting greenhouse gas emissions; using environmentally friendly facilities, consuming less water and reducing waste; conserving biodiversity; preserve, promote and share cultural heritage and traditional values; create income sources for local and communities to improve livelihoods and reduce poverty; raise awareness in the sustainable use of natural resources within local communities. Therefore, green tourism can be represented as a diagram with the following components:
Fig. 1. Components of green tourism
Source: author's proposal.
Basically, it can be affirmed that green tourism is no longer an option but a mandatory direction for every country wanting to develop its tourism industry, especially developed countries. It is also the current trend of travelers with a high sense of environmental protection and respect for the socio-cultural nuances as well as the living of the communities in the regions, in the country that they visit and learn about.
Sustainable livelihoods adapting to climate change
Research on livelihood associated with tourism and community based tourism are of interest to many researchers, such as Avila Foucat (2002) [8], Ogutu, Agnes Kiss (2004) [9], Samantha Jones (2005) [10], Manu, Isaac Kuuder, Conrad-J Wuleka (2012) [11], Long & Kieu (2019) [9]. However, research on livelihoods adapting to climate change and livelihoods adapting to climate change associated with green tourism is limited. Currently, there are only a few studies of organizations addressing livelihoods adapting to climate change comprised of CARE Organization (2013) [13], Vietnam Meteorology and Hydrological Administration (Vietnam) (2015). [14] and some NGOs in the world [15]. These studies have pointed out concepts as well as criteria to identify livelihood adapting to climate change.
According to CARE Organization (2013) [13] livelihoods adapting to climate change is a livelihood, which is resistant, absorbtive, adapting and accustomed to the impact of disasters in a timely and effective manner when confronted with environmental hazards. This includes the maintenance, restoration and enhancement of essential and functional basic structures that are practical. The condition of this definition is that livelihoods must be compatible not only with the present context but also in the future context within the scope that the livelihoods are implemented.
Meteorology and Hydrological Administration (Vietnam) believes climate change adaptive sustainable livelihood is a livelihood system that is able to cope with climate change, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and recover from the impacts of climate change, especially extreme weather events (storms, floods, droughts, prolonged heat, severe cold, etc.), ensuring, maintaining or increasing productivity in a stable manner, at the same time well-suited with local socio-economic capabilities and conditions [14].
The selection of sustainable livelihood adapting to climate change needs to be identified and selected based on specific criteria considering local characteristics. According to some NGOs operating in Vietnam, criteria for selecting livelihood adapting to climate change [15] should focus on the following main contents: (i) Degree of effectiveness in climate change adaptation (Contributing to mitigate the risk which is communities are affected by climate change, thereby strengthening the community's adaptive capacity against climate change); (ii) Local community participation (Level of participation in activities/ models/ practices, level of empowerment, level of participation of vulnerable people in these activities ...); (iii) Sustainability (Socio-economic and environmental efficiency); (iv) Uniqueness / creativity (Having a unique / creative approach in implementing the model and generating concrete results); (v) Scalability (The model has obvious positive impacts on the community, easily accepted and replicated in different areas). According to CARE (2013), the livelihood adapting to climate change model must meet 5 criteria (Table 1), specifically as follows:
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Criteria type |
Criteria |
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I. Sustainable livelihood standards |
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1. Economic compatibility |
1.1. Market Demand & Accessibility |
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1.2. Financial investment & Risk |
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1.3. Skills and Technology |
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2. Institutional compatibility |
2.1. Policy |
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2.2. Financial policy |
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2.3. Support program |
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3. Socio-cultural compatibility |
3.1. Local knowledge |
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3.2. Suitablity for the poor |
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3.3. Suitablity for women |
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3.4. Suitablity for minority groups |
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3.5. Suitablity for people with disabilities |
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3.6. Local |
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II. Standards of livelihood adapting to climate change |
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4. Climate compatibility |
4.1. Adaptation to current climate change & impacts |
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4.2. Adaptation to future climate change & impacts |
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4.3. Impact of CO2 emissions |
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5. Environmental compatibility |
5.1. Ecological impact |
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5.2. Sustainable use of resources |
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5.3. Suitablity for ecosystem conversion |
Source [13].
Research methodology
Study area: This study was conducted at locations with resources to organize green tourism activities in 3 provinces including Dong Thap, Long An and An Giang, which represents the entire CLRD region. They are: Tan Lap Floating village, Wetland Conservation Area in Lotus village - Dong Thap; Dong Thap Muoi - Long An and Tra Su cajuput forest - An Giang.
Research data
Regarding secondary data: The article uses secondary data provided by the Institute for Tourism Development Research, Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (Vietnam) and data from localities in the CLRD region, and some other souces.
Regarding primary data: the source is from the author's survey in 2019 for households in locations with tourists' attractions in 3 provinces of Dong Thap, Long An and An Giang. The total households at the point of survey is estimated at 1200. The author conducted a random sampling of Neyman formula with the standard error of 5%.
Where: n : sample size
N: population
P: variance
With the formula above the minimum samples size is 401 samples. The actual number of samples surveyed was 500, after eliminating wrongly answered samples, there were 467 samples remaining (66 samples more than requirement of above formula): Tan Lap floating village (150 samples Wetland Conservation Area in Lotus village (105 samples), Dong Thap Muoi Area (127 samples) and Tra Su cajuput forest (85 samples).
To get more data on local livelihood and local livelihood adapting to climate change, the author has conducted a quick interview with 10 experts from the Department of Natural
Resources and Environment, Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, local and tourist attractions' managers.
About the research method: The main research method in the article is synthesizing and studying documents combining with the statistical method usage in selecting study areas, survey samples, and analyzing criteria
Research results and discussion
Current situation of livelihoods associated with green tourism in the CLRD
Overview of potential and development situation of tourism in the CLRD
CLRD is the southernmost region of Vietnam, 3 sides including the East, the South and the Southwest facing the sea, the West is the border with Cambodia and the North is the border with the Southeastern economic region - Vietnam's largest region in term of economy. The region has an area of over 40,000 km2, a 700km long coastline, a population (2019) of more than 20 million people (accounted for 21% of the country's population). This delta is not only a key area for rice and fruit production, aquaculture and fishing, but also one of the areas with great potentials and advantages for tourism development, especially green tourism.
In term of nature, CLRD is a rich and fertile delta located in the lower part of Mekong River with diverse and unique ecosystems. It has sea, islands, estuaries, wetlands and mangroves, islet, and many biosphere reserves, national parks and natural conservation area with high biodiversity such as: Mui Ca Mau National Park (Ca Mau province), U Minh Thuong National Park (Kien Giang province), U Minh Ha National Park (Ca Mau province), Tram Chim National Park (Dong Thap province), Phu Quoc National Park (Kien Giang province), Bac Lieu bird garden (Bac Lieu province), Dong Thap bird garden (Dong Thap province), ... These are valuable resources to develop green tourism. Besides, the whole region has more than 700 km of coastline and more than 145 large and small islands, with many beautiful and unspoiled beaches: Mui Nai and Hon Chong (Kien Giang province); Hon Khoai (Ca Mau province); Ba Dong (Tra Vinh province) ... In addition, there are areas full of islets, with sunshine and fresh nature such as Phung dune, Oc dune, Quy dune (Ben Tre province), Tien dune (Dong Thap province), My Phuoc dunes (Soc Trang province), Thoi Son dunes (Tien Giang province) ... These are featured beauty of the southern river. In addition to the natural tourism potential, CLRD is also a place that contains a rich cultural and spiritual beliefs, cultural richness, along with hundreds of big and small festivals in the year, and thousands of religious structures with long historical and cultural value) ... This Delta is also the residence of the four ethnic groups that are Kinh, Hoa, Khmer and Cham for a long time with bustling floating markets in the early morning, such as: Cai Rang (Can Tho city), Phung Hiep (Hau Giang province), Cai Be (Tien Giang province), Nga Nam (Soc Trang province). In particular, CLRD is also the home of reciprocal dances on the river, the place to practice and develop Southern folk music recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
The advantages in term of abundant natural resources, cultural quintessence and community history, have created a diversed and unique culture of the CLRD with eastern characteristics that is discreet and idyllic. It is also the typical cultural identity of the land and Southern people who are peaceful and generous. This contributes to the creation of diverse and unique tourism products. In particular, the cultural nature of river tourism has created a distinctive image for CLRD region, portraiting it as "Eden garden ", with endless potentials to develop green tourism with the typical tourism products such as hard garden tourism, river tourism island tourism, indigenous and spiritual culture tourism.
Based on their strengths, localities in the CLRD have implemented many green tourism activities blending with people and nature, such as: (i) Water-based tourism tours: Sightseeing, exploring and enjoying fruit orchards, fields, fishing and aquaculture, ...; (ii) Cultural and festivals tourism: Enjoying Southern folk music, music and dance, festivals, art activities, cultural exchanges with local residents, ...; (iii) Culinary tourism: river cuisine, street food, food festivals, culinary festivals at specialty restaurants, ...; (iv) Sea and island tourism: Beach tourism, scuba diving, marine discovery activities, ...; (v) Ecotourism: Studying ecosystems of the CLRD, marine ecosystems, aquaculture environment, ...
Regarding development status, provinces and cities in the CLRD are interested in tourism development investment, many localities have developed tourism development plans and implementation plans according to Resolution 08-NQ / TW, dated 01/08/2017 by Political department about tourism development became a key economic sector and the process of developing tourism development plans and project to associate with climate change has achieved important results. According to statistics in 2017, the total number of visitors to the CLRD are, 18.7% higher than 2016. In particular, international visitors reached 2,855,692, 11.1% higher, revenue reached over 17,195 billion VND, 26.5% higher than 2016, generating revenue for the state budget and contributing to the local socioeconomic development1. In 2018, the CLRD welcomed 40,745,296 visitors, an increase of 16.8% compared to 2017. In particular, there were 3,420,109 international visitors, increase by 19.8%; revenue reached 23,782.7 billion VND, rise by 38% compared to 2017. In particular, Soc Trang, Hau Giang, Kien Giang are the the provinces with impressive increase in visitors. The locality with the highest tourism revenue is Kien Giang with 6,195 billion VND, the locality that attracts the most international tourists is Tien Giang with 811,249 visits. The locality that attracts the most tourists to visit is An Giang with 8.5 million visitors2. In 2019, the number of visitors to the CLRD reached 47 million, staying guests reached 13.5 million. Total revenue from tourism activities reached over VND 30,000 billion [16].
Situation of livelihoods associated with green tourism in the CLRD
The author's survey in 3 provinces in the CLRD (An Giang, Dong Thap and Vinh Long) shows that there are many livelihood activities associated with green tourism including accommodation services (homestay), travel guides, cuisilinary, organizing tourism activities (river cruises, visiting wetland ecosystems, river fishing, moon watching on the ship, catching fireflies, harvesting seasonal rice floating water, bird watching ...); performing (Don ca tai tu ...). In addition to direct livelihood activities, indirect livelihood activities associated with green tourism have also been developed which improve the living quality of the community, including agricultural activities (farming, aquaculture ...), trade services, traditional handicraft production (weaving mat, drum, flower, ornamental plants ...).
According to the survey with 467 households at tourist sites within 3 provinces of Dong Thap, Vinh Long and An Giang, the percentage of households with livelihoods directly associated with tourism is very low (28.7 %) (households here mainly engaged in livelihood associated with agricultural activities), some households have indirect livelihoods with tourism (boat rowing, seafood trading, traditional handicraft products selling) (19.4%) (Figure 2). Regarding the gender structure of labor participation for households with tourism livelihood activities (including households with direct and indirect livelihoods), the proportion of women participating in said activities is accounted for 56.2% of total labor, reflecting the increasing importance in the role of women in the community, and women's important contribution to the livelihoods of households in the region (Figure 3).
Fig. 2. Distribution of households' livelihood in Fig. 3. Distribution of households' livelihood the survey related to tourism
In terms of income concerning households whose livelihoods are directly related to tourism, 15.1% of households report a very high income level from tourism; 20.5% answered high; 25.4% answered average; 39.0% answers negligible (Figure 4). However, 86.2% of households with livelihoods directly related to tourism claim that the income generated from tourism activities is usually 1.5 to 3.0 times higher than livelihood from agricultural activities (rice and vegetables growing); raising cattle and poultry; small-scale aquaculture and fishing. Households that have indirect activities with tourism are unable to distinguish income from livelihoods related to tourism activities.
The survey results also showed that 47.7% of households agreed that it is hard to access capital for tourism, 25% think it is average while 27.3% find it difficult to access these capital. The capital for tourism development is hard to access is due to the fact that households do not fulfil application conditions that the bank require (collateral).
green tourism climate change
Fig. 4. Households' income from green tourism (%)
Regarding vocational training, about 42.1% of the households participated in vocational training for accommodation and restaurant services to serve the "homestay" tourists. According to the survey, among 70.2% tour guides at the site, 82.4% had attended training courses on tour guides; 17.6% answered that they had not attended any training courses on tour guides. Tourism vocational training for the community is mainly funded by Japanese JICA projects and NGOs ....
In the survey, 91.8% of households have internet to access information and promote accurate images to tourists, attract a large number of visitors, especially international tourists from Europe and North America, to come and visit tourist attractions.
Regarding environmental protection, the interviews with local managers and the tourism department show that livelihood activities associated with tourism in these three places in particular and the whole CLRD region have reduce livelihoods by exloiting natural resources (plant and animal). This helps restoring rare and precious animal and plant species, preserving and protecting natural conservation areas, national parks and biosphere conservation. 87.5% of the households engaged in tourism-related livelihoods, confirmed that they had completely stopped exploiting alum and mangrove; and hunt wild animals. Besides, green tourism has raised community's awareness in economical use of fossil resources, shifting towards green consumption by using eco-friendly products to serve visitors under the "3R" model (Reduce - Reuse - Recyle) with products and services at the homestay as well as shopping products.
The analysis' result show that improving livelihoods associated with tourism in general and green tourism in particular is a "wise" choice to achieve a balance between residents' life and complexity of climate change in the CLRD. Theoretically, the resources and the status of developing a sustainable livelihood model adapting to climate change fulfil the criteria proposed by organizations such as CARE and NGOs as mentioned above. In practical, the livelihood associated with green tourism in the region are developed based on the region's solid resources in terms of natural, human, social and material forces. At the same time, these livelihoods activities satisfy market's requirements, brings high efficiency, easy access to capital from local and foreign organizations, has a spillover impact on other local livelihood activities, contributing to the preservation and promotion of local natural value and human resources. In addition, these livelihoods' activities are suitable with women, contributing to empowering women in the community due to the increase in jobs suitable to roles and positions of women in the community. Besides, this is also a sustainable livelihood model adapting to climate change because: (i) It replaces livelihood activities based directly on the exploitation of ecosystems, contributes to the protection, regeneration and recovery of natural resources which help protecting the environment and maintaining ecosystems (ii) limiting greenhouse gas emissions more than livelihood activities related to crop and cattle. (iii) efficient use of water in comparison with other livelihood activities, especially aquaculture.
Policy implications for developing green tourism associated livelihood models adapting to climate change
Based on the evaluation of the potential and practice of livelihood development associated with green tourism in the region in recent years, and to further improve the efficiency of developing these livelihood activities in the future, the author decides to suggest these recommendations:
Firstly, improving the authorities' management capacity, consultant and livelihood support capacities: Local administrators in the region need to develop regulations and policies to encourage the development of tourism associated livelihoods' capital; livelihood activities associated with green tourism and ecotourism adaptatiing to climate change under Resolution 08-NQ/TW on tourism development as a key economic sector. Enhancing the role of authorities at all levels in planning and organizing livelihood development in areas with potential for green tourism.
Secondly, increasing financial support: Advocating the approvement of policies concerning Banking, Social and Union Organizations, such as the Tourism Association, the Farmers' Union to implement flexible lending programs with flexible conditions for the purpose of green tourism development, and enhancing the role of women and disadvantaged communities in economic and community development. Besides, it is necessary to promote calling for social investment and calling for investment for livelihoods activities associated with green tourism from local and foreign sources. In the immediate future, we need to call for investment to build community-based accommodation and homestay with services like souvenir shops, food and drinks ... and ensuring hygiene and safety for households within the potential area to satisfy the needs of accommodation and leisure activities of tourists.
Thirdly, strengthening training and training related to livelihoods associated with green tourism: Establishing links between livelihood practitioners, experts majored in climate and local Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, The Department of Natural Resources and Environment to transfer knowledge to the community about green tourism, climate change and livelihoods adapting to climate change, risk prevention measures and even insurance to minimize risks to households' livelihoods due to climate change. In addition, attention should be paid to support vocational training for the community. Instructing community about investment, and open tourism services according to standards to improve investment efficiency with training contents focusing on skills related to tourism associated livelihoods, communication and foreign languages. Supporting people, households and communities in the field of management, protection and development of tourism resources by raising awareness of the community and households about the benefits acquired by protecting green tourism resources, limiting the use of fossil energy and saving water in activities associated with tourism. Support people in term of technical support, tourism management and business in the context of climate change.
Fourthly, formulating appropriate tourism products with diversity and good quality to meet tourist demands and improve livelihoods efficiency: (i) Clearly shaping tourism products ("River Resort", "Discovering and adventuring in the wild" and "Ecological discovery "). These tourism products fit with the natural tourism resources, cultural tourism resources, of the region which features rivers, islands, gardens, cultural heritages with unique nature of the Southwest region and people. Limiting factors which affects climate change; (ii) Diversify tourism products (resort, countryside tourism, natural tourism, cultural tourism, scientific research, learning ...); (iii) Restoring and promoting traditional manufacturing department of local people to produce handicrafts, souvenirs, consumer goods to sell for local people and tourists; (iv) Improve the quality of tourism products (enhance the attractiveness of tourists' sites, tourists' programs, travel tours, improve the quality of services for the purpose of accommodation, travel, interpretation, guide, and local culture experience ...) of visitors;
Fifthly, strengthening links, promoting green tourism products: promoting green tourism of local communities through fairs, conferences and seminars, mass media and social networks. Linking tourist attractions in the local and regional area to build green tourism programs for tourists to explore and discover new and attractive tourist products and create stable incomes for local households.
Conclusion
Green tourism development has actively contributed to the promotion of sustainable livelihood development in CLRD region in the context of complicated climate change. Livelihoods associated with green tourism in CLRD have been initially shaped and developed step by step to increase financial assets, strengthening, protecting and promoting the value of natural assets, physical and human assets. Green tourism is affirmed to be an effective tool to cope with climate change. In order to improve the effectiveness of livelihood activities associated with green tourism, localities in the region need to do their job well in synchronously implement different aspects: support to improve the officers' capacity in the localities; improve financial capacity, raise awareness about green tourism and livelihoods adapting to climate change as well as solutions in shaping the sustainable development of tourism resources, linking and promoting local green tourism activities.
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