State support for the development of rural green tourism at the regional level
Improving state regulation in the field of tourism. Development of theoretical foundations and practical proposals for the development and support of rural green tourism enterprises in Ukraine as a form of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside.
| Рубрика | Спорт и туризм |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 25.01.2022 |
| Размер файла | 20,2 K |
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State support for the development of rural green tourism at the regional level
Butko Mykola
Abstract
The subject of research is the theoretical and practical principles of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises, its regulation and support as a form of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas.
The purpose of the work is to develop theoretical principles and practical proposals for the implementation of state support for rural green tourism enterprises and its improvement. The methodological basis of the article were the main theoretical and methodological provisions of economics, regulations of Ukraine, the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists.
Results of work. The paper identifies the conditions and resources, features and institutions of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises. The importance and sources of its spread and growth as a form of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside are substantiated. The forms of statistical reporting for the account are offered. The directions of improvement of the state regulation of the further development of its subjects are developed, including with the involvement of regional and local authorities, united territorial communities.
Field of application of results. The conclusions of the article can be used in the educational and scientific process of higher education institutions, the work of rural communities, local governments, fiscal services. Conclusions. In the future, to ensure the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine and its effective management is considered appropriate: to improve the regulatory framework of rural tourism activities at both state and regional levels; constantly monitor indicators and study the needs of the market of its products and services; create an infrastructure of state financial and credit support for rural green tourism entities.
Key words: rural green tourism, business entities, farmsteads, state regulation, support, improvement, management, strategies, regions.
Анотація
Державна підтримка розвитку сільського зеленого туризму на регіональному рівні
Бутко М. П.
Предметом дослідження є теоретичні та практичні засади організації та розвитку підприємств сільського зеленого туризму, його регулювання та підтримки як форми підприємницької діяльності на селі.
Метою роботи є розробка теоретичних засад та практичних пропозицій щодо здійснення державної підтримки підприємств сільського зеленого туризму та її удосконалення.
Методологічною основою статті стали основні теоретичні й методологічні положення економічної науки, нормативно-законодавчі акти України, праці провідних зарубіжних і вітчизняних науковців.
Результати роботи. У роботі визначено умови та ресурси, особливості та інститути організації та розвитку підприємств сільського зеленого туризму. Обґрунтовано важливість і джерела його поширення та зростання як форми підприємницької діяльності на селі. Запропоновані форми статистичної звітності для обліку. Розроблено напрями удосконалення державного регулювання подальшого розвитку його суб'єктів, у т.ч. із залученням регіональних та місцевих органів влади, об'єднаних територіальних громад.
Галузь застосування результатів. Результати можуть бути використані підприємствами сільського зеленого туризму, об'єднаними територіальними громадами, регіональними та державними органами влади.
Висновки. В подальшому, для забезпечення розвитку сільського зеленого туризму в Україні та ефективного управління ним вбачається доцільним: удосконалити нормативно-правову базу сільської туристичної діяльності як на державному, так і на регіональному рівні; постійно проводити моніторинг показників та вивчення потреб ринку його продуктів і послуг; створити інфраструктуру державної фінансово-кредитної підтримки суб'єктів господарювання сільського зеленого туризму.
Ключові слова: сільський зелений туризм, суб'єкти господарювання, агросадиби, державне регулювання, підтримка, удосконалення, управління, стратегії, регіони.
Аннотация
Государственная поддержка развития сельского зеленого туризма на региональном уровне
Бутко Н. П.
Предметом исследования являются теоретические и практические основы организации и развития предприятий сельского зеленого туризма, его регулирования и поддержки как формы предпринимательской деятельности на селе.
Целью работы является разработка теоретических основ и практических предложений по осуществлению государственной поддержки предприятий сельского зеленого туризма и ее совершенствование.
Методологической основой статьи стали основные теоретические и методологические положения экономической науки, нормативно-законодательные акты Украины, труды ведущих зарубежных и отечественных ученых.
Результаты работы. В работе определены условия и ресурсы, особенности и институты организации и развития предприятий сельского зеленого туризма. Обоснована важность и источники его распространения и роста как формы предпринимательской деятельности на селе. Предложенные формы статистической отчетности для учета. Разработаны направления совершенствования государственного регулирования дальнейшего развития его субъектов, в т.ч. с привлечением региональных и местных органов власти, объединенных территориальных общин.
Область применения результатов. Результаты могут быть использованы предприятиями сельского зеленого туризма, объединенными территориальными общинами, региональными и государственными органами власти.
Выводы. В дальнейшем, для обеспечения развития сельского зеленого туризма в Украине и эффективного управления им представляется целесообразным: усовершенствовать нормативноправовую базу сельской туристической деятельности как на государственном, так и на региональном уровне; постоянно проводить мониторинг показателей и изучения потребностей рынка его продуктов и услуг; создать инфраструктуру государственной финансово-кредитной поддержки субъектов сельского зеленого туризма.
Ключевые слова: сельский зеленый туризм, субъекты хозяйствования, агроусадьбы, государственное регулирование, поддержка, совершенствование, управление, стратегии, регионы.
Introduction
Formulation of the problem. Significant reduction of the rural population, economic collapse and degradation of rural areas of the country and reduction of employment through the holginization and digitalization of agriculture require the development and organization of new forms of management in rural areas and their management.
One of such forms can be small business, as it combines the interests of both producers and consumers of products and services. In addition, all segments of the rural population are interested in the development of this sector of the economy. After all, providing employment for a large part of the population, thus forming the «middle» class, they become the foundation for the formation of a modern paradigm of socio-economic development. One of the main manifestations of entrepreneurial initiative in rural areas is rural green tourism.
Rural green tourism is the activity of the rural population related to the rural environment, rural houses, buildings, other property and occupations. The focus of its activities as a separate business are nature and man. Rural green tourism develops locally (pointwise) and has no harmful effects on the environment, in contrast to mass or intensive agricultural production.
At the same time, it makes a significant contribution to the preservation and development of rural areas and regional development in general. It allows you to use the existing housing stock, household and communal services, available food of own production, free labor resources, publicly available various and unique rural tourist attractions and does not require significant investment income and expenses.
Analysis of recent research and publications. Issues of organization and management of economic entities in rural green tourism were considered in the works of V.P. Vasilieva, M.I. Rutinsky, Yu.V. Zinko, L.M. Zaburanna, L.O. Marmul, O.A. Marchenko, I.A. Romanyuk, V.F. Spring. However, in the scientific works of these authors, management is considered mainly at the level of management of small businesses and farmsteads. Its state regulation and support at the state and local levels, by united territorial communities, public organizations and other institutions, especially in the regional context, need further research.
The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of rural green tourism entities as a special form of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas in order to justify the directions of state regulation and support with the participation of united territorial communities, non-governmental institutions at the regional level.
Presentation of the main research material
As evidenced by the practical experience of European countries, including post-socialist camp, research, accelerated development of rural green tourism can play the role of a catalyst for structural adjustment of the economy, ensure demographic stability and solve socio-economic problems in rural areas. This statement is especially relevant for Ukraine, where in rural areas there is a sharp decline in natural growth and depopulation, rising unemployment and declining material security and quality of life, mass migration of ablebodied residents, especially young people.
Therefore, for our country a strategically important task in a relatively short period of time is the need to overcome the gap in this area and realize the existing large resource tourism potential by pursuing a strong policy of state regulation and support. To do this, it is important to create an effective model of organization, management of rural green tourism as a fairly common activity in rural areas and its comprehensive support for this purpose.
In the modern socio-economic conditions of advanced countries, rural green tourism has a multilevel structure. Its organization and development are taken care of at the national, regional and local levels. The development of rural green tourism is also influenced by public associations and unions. The relationship between state and nonstate influence and regulation is different and changes under the influence of political, socio-economic, demographic, financial, environmental and other factors [1, p. 4].
Currently, the long-term impact of rural green tourism on the economic development of individual regions is manifested in a multiplier effect. Attracting investment for the development of rural green tourism infrastructure promotes the development of related industries: construction, agriculture, light and food industries, crafts, sports and entertainment, etc. This creates a basis for increasing employment, increasing its welfare. The importance of the development of rural green tourism for the national and regional economy determines its state regulation. Therefore, at these levels it is necessary to eliminate a number of problems that significantly hinder the development of this type of tourism. Rural green tourism is a new form of entrepreneurial activity. It can be attributed to the sphere of small business, which forms the market environment in the domestic agricultural sphere. The development of enterprises in the industry contributes to the creation of new jobs in rural areas, the introduction of scientific and technological progress in small forms of agricultural production, is an important source of local budgets and budgets of peasant families. They, in turn, become a buffer zone, which reduces the risks of destroying the potential of public wholesale agricultural production to solve socio-economic problems of the village.
Rural green tourism can be considered entrepreneurship, as the owners of farmsteads create additional jobs, thereby reducing unemployment in rural areas (for example, one bed provides work for an average of 6-7 local residents) [2, p. 208]. They provide services related to accommodation and meals, transfers, as well as attractions related to the normal life of a villager; baking bread, fishing, bonfire dinners, participation in field work and celebrations, etc. for a fee. This will create profits for owners of small businesses and farmsteads.
On the other hand, rural green tourism is a specific form of recreation in private farms in rural areas with the use of property and labor resources of personal peasant, subsidiary or farm, natural and recreational features of the area and cultural, historical and ethnographic heritage of the region. This type of tourism involves tourists in their own house of the farmer, a separate (guest) house or on the territory of a personal farm.
In almost all countries for small enterprises of rural green tourism certain benefits are established and state support is provided [3, p. 782]. Without the effective support of the state, small rural green tourism enterprises will not be able to exist, develop and strengthen their position in the emerging market. They will not be able to resist the monopoly position of suppliers of resources, as well as intermediaries who establish full control over the market, prices, product quality. Today, the owners of rural estates rely on the Law «On personal peasant economy» (№ 742-IV of 15.05.2003) [4] with clarifications and additions, according to which a farmer who is not a business entity has the right to services in the field of rural green tourism with the use of personal farm property. The provisions of this Law do not disclose the full range of responsibilities in the field of rural green tourism, which hinders the development of this area, so for the priority development of rural green tourism it is necessary to have and implement the Law «On Rural Green Tourism» [5]. It has been developed, reviewed, but remains at the Project level for a long time. tourism countryside ukraine green
At present, its adoption is extremely necessary, because tourism activities in the field of rural green tourism are significantly different from tourism activities. The service providers are not professionals. These are the owners of households, private and farms that rely on local resources. The provisions of this law should determine the general legal, organizational and socio-economic principles of implementation of the state policy of Ukraine in this important area and promote the involvement of the rural population in the tourism business on the basis of self-employment and self-sufficiency.
Until now, only modest attempts have been made in the legal and organizational support of the processes of small business formation in rural areas. There is no system of stimulating the formation of small farms, as there is no economic mechanism for their support, statistical accounting. The only information on the functioning of rural green tourism in rural areas are forms of reporting on tourist tax, but only in cases where the private estate is registered as a private enterprise or as a mini-hotel. Therefore, in the regional departments of statistics it is advisable to include the reception of data on alternative types of tourism, which will receive all the information about these types of tourism.
The successful development of small business significantly depends on the political and economic environment in which it operates. However, no less important factor that constantly accompanies a certain economic environment is the criminogenic state, which complicates or nullifies the actions of the entrepreneur. The real threat of causing harm (damage) to business entities puts the task of ensuring personal, economic, national security in general [6, p. 57]. Many business issues are regulated and covered by civil, administrative, criminal and other legislation. However, as practice shows, it is impossible to solve all the problems related to business security with the help of legal regulation alone. In the new competitive environment (especially in the conditions of increasing corruption of fiscal and control functions of state bodies) there are a lot of problems related to securing not only individuals and legal entities, their property, but also business (commercial) information as intellectual property. Both legal and special measures are used to protect business information flows from various encroachments, and in necessary cases their complex application is required. To prevent and solve these problems, the so-called digital state, virtual administration centers, etc. This significantly reduces the cost of unproductive time, bureaucratic procedures and corruption.
The set of information circulating in business activities, in order to clarify them, can be conditionally grouped by areas:
- business (commercial) information system (information on the state of the economic system, factors that positively or negatively affect the sphere of management, and commerce in which the entrepreneur operates);
- legal information system (information on current legislation regulating and protecting the activities of rural green tourism enterprises);
- special-operational information system (information on ways and means of securing business information from access by third parties).
The use of special measures aimed at protecting intellectual property depends primarily on the owners of information. In turn, the question may arise about the need to ensure external and internal security of structural forms of small business [7, p. 124]. These include environmental protection; social justice and responsibility; democracy; aesthetic harmony. It should be noted that the growth of demand for recreation in rural areas has a positive impact on the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine; unique historical and ethnographic heritage and rich natural tourist and recreational resources; rural ecology; availability of free labor resources and traditional hospitality of owners; affordable price for rest and the opportunity to receive additional services. Resources of rural green tourism in Ukraine are formed, therefore, by factors of invaluable natural and historical heritage; 15 unique nature reserves; favorable climate, which differs from the climate of many countries; identity of ethnic heritage; more than 4.0 million people unemployed or partially employed in agriculture; 6.4 million residential buildings that could potentially be used for rural tourism; 2/3 of agricultural products in personal farms form surpluses and there are problems with their sale, etc. [8, p. 339]. At the same time, on the way to its development, significant problems are the lack of effective legal support; imperfection of the mechanism of rational and ecologically balanced use of natural and historical-cultural potential for the needs of tourism; insufficient implementation of marketing strategies to promote services and products in the field of rural green tourism and brands; low level of staffing [9, p. 123]. These are also problems with the standardization of farmsteads and service quality management; brand formation; the use of advertising and information at the national and regional levels; insufficient use of innovative technologies, including virtual, digital in the field of sales, operations in general.
Thus, the strategic goal of state regulation and support for the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine should be to create a competitive national product not only for the domestic market but also the world, which is able to satisfy the discerning consumer [10, p. 298]. To do this, it is necessary to expand the range of services and test them in the domestic market, to ensure the comprehensive development of tourist and recreational areas (destinations), tourist centers, taking into account socio-economic and environmental characteristics, the interests of rural communities and tourists.
Conclusions
Rural green tourism is a relatively new activity in the countryside. It is useful for both vacationers and hosts - villagers, businesses, rural communities, regions and the state as a whole. Rural green tourism contributes to the development of many related sectors of the economy, preservation of national spirituality, promotion of Ukrainian culture, dissemination of knowledge and information about the historical, natural, ethnographic features of the country. This deserves all possible support from the state, public organizations, large agribusiness.
In the future, to ensure the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine and its effective management, it is considered appropriate: to improve the regulatory framework for rural tourism at both state and regional levels; constantly monitor indicators and study the needs of the market of its products and services; create an infrastructure of state financial and credit support for rural green tourism entities.
References
1. Zaburanna L. K. (2012). Rural tourism as a factor of effective socio-economic development of rural areas of Ukraine. Rural green tourism, 1. 3-5.
2. Marmul L. O., Romaniuk I. A. (2019). Financial support and tax aspects of tourism development in Ukr. Economic Bulletin of the University, 42. 204-210.
3. Postol A. et al. (2020). Ways to develop brands and PR manag. of tourism enterpr. with a focus on nat. markets. Internat. Jour. of Manag.(IJM), 11. 778-787.
4. Law of Ukraine «On Personal Agriculture» № 3108-IV of 17.11.2005 and amendments of 25.12.2008 № 799-VI. URL: http:// www.tourlib.net/ zakon/ pro _selgosp.htm
5. Law of Ukraine «On Rural Green Tourism». URL: http://derazhnia- rda.gov.ua/docum/2012/zakon_ukrajini_pro_silskij_turizum.
6. Romaniuk I. A. (2017). State support and regulation of the development of small rural green tourism enterprises. Econ. and culture management, 1. 56-60.
7. Marmul L. O., Pinchuk T. V. (2009). Organization and development of agrarian tourism in the region: monograph. Kherson: Aylant.
8. Ihnatenko M., Sarapina O., Sakun A., Marmul L. and Pylypenko K. (2019). Models of implementation of enterprises in agricultural green tourism in European countries and assessment of their efficiency. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(12). 337-340.
9. Yakovenko V.D., Arbuzova Y.V. (2013). Perspect. directions of green tourism develop. in Ukr.. Inform. Technol. in educ., science and product., 3 (4). 121-125.
10. Ihnatenko M. M., Marmul L. O., Ushakov D. S., and Kuchyn S. P. (2019). Transformation of approaches to determine influence factors in the economic development models. International Journal of Economics & Business Administration, VII (2). 290-301.
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