Improvement of air passenger transportations between Ukraine and China

Terminal B: Terminal B was opened in 1965 and later modernized many times. Today this terminal primarily services passengers traveling within Ukraine, however it is also used for international flights passengers. Different shops, cafes and bars, offices of airlines, travel agencies, banks, left luggage offices, Internet access as well as a business centre are available in Terminal B.

Terminal B. General Information.

Area: 36035,2 м².

Terminal B Capacity: For international flights: 1200 pax/h (for departure) and 1100 pax/h (for arrival).

For domestic flights: 650 pax/h (for departure) and 600 pax/h (for arrival).

Check-in area has 43 check-in counters, 7 aviation security points, 17 passport control desks.

Terminal F: Terminal F, opened in 2010, is convenient for passengers whereas simple technological processes are realized here, passenger servicing procedure is improved, updated engineering and information technologies are implemented as well as leading-edge aviation security systems are installed. Today Terminal F handles only international flights.

Terminal F. General Information.

Area: 20685,6 м².

Terminal F Capacity: 900 pax/h (for departure) and 900 pax/h (for arrival) with possibility to handle up to 1500 peak hour passengers (PHP).

Check-in area has 30 check-in counters, 1 counter for oversized baggage, 2 customs counters. Check-in area is equipped with Web-kiosks enabling passengers to use self-service which speeds up check-in process and reduces queues.

Terminal D: Terminal D, featuring the highest capacity was opened in 2012. It is a logic development of the airport infrastructure taking it to completely new level of air traffic in terms of quantity and quality.

Terminal D. General Information.

Area: 107,000 м².

Terminal capacity. Terminal D can accommodate up to 10 million passenger annually, 3000 pax/h for arrival and 3000 pax/h for departure.

Check-in areas of Terminal D passenger complex has 60 check-in counters and 6 Self-Service Check-in Kiosks, 18 aviation security points, 28 passport control desks which enables passengers to reduce queues. For passengers' convenience there are lifts, elevators and moving walkways.

Terminal D has 11 fixed air bridges equipped with automated aircraft visual docking system (for embarkation/disembarkation) enabling to simultaneously accept six Boeing 747 and 5 Boeing 737. Concourse gallery in the Arrivals is 870 meters long.

VIP Lounge is available in Terminal D which satisfies needs of the most demanding travellers who prefer high level of comfort and service.

1.2 Analyses on the Route Map Kiev-Beijing (KBP-PEK)

The flight KBP - PEK can be performed by following airlines:

Ш Finnair Airlines;

Ш KLM Airlines;

Ш Aeroflot Russian Airlines;

Ш Lufthansa;

Ш Austrian Airlines.

It can be performed according to the route map of the given airlines. But, the trouble is that there is no direct flight Kiev-Cairo. We represent below the possible routes and transfer flights from KBP to PEK:

Aeroflot (SU):

Price - OW 5802 UAH.

RT 8024 UAH.

Aircraft - KBP-SVO - A321.

SVO-PEK - A330.

Flight Time - KBP-SVO - 2h 30 min.

SVO-PEK - 11h 25 min.

Total - 12 hours 55 min.

10 times per week.

Lufthansa (LH):

Price - OW 10315 UAH.

RT 18185UAH.

Aircraft - KBP-MUC - Airbus A321.

MUC-CAI - Airbus A340-600.

Flight Time - KBP-MUC - 2 h 30 min.

MUC-CAI - 9 h 35 min.

Total - 12 h 05 min.

8 times per week.

Austrian Airlines:

Price - OW 15336 UAH.

RT 23618 UAH.

Aircraft - KBP-VIE-Airbus A320-200.

VIE-CAI - Airbus A318.

Flight Time - KBP-VIE - 3 h 15 min.

VIE-CAI - 4 h 50 min.

Total - 10 h 50 min.

7 times per week.

KLM airlines:

Price - OW KBP-AMS= 5730.

RT KBP-AMS-KBP = 10030.

Aircraft - KBP-AMS - Airbus A330-300.

AMS-PEK B737-700.

Flight Time - KBP-AMS - 2 h 05 min.

AMS-KBP - 11 h.

Total - 13 h 05 min.

10 times per week.

Finnair airlines:

Price - OW KBP-HEL= 5625.

RT KBP-AMS- HEL = 8980.

Aircraft - KBP- HEL - AN148.

HEL-PEK Airbus A330-300.

Flight Time - KBP- HEL - 2 h 05 min.

HEL -KBP - 11,50 h.

Total - 13 h 55 min.

6 times per week.

Conclusion: So, as we see, the lowest OW route is KBP-HEL-PEK, the RT one - KBP-SVO-PEK.

That is why is will be better to fly according to the route KBP-SVO-PEK with time duration of 12 hours and 55 minutes 13 times per week with prices per flight - OW=5802UAH, RT=8935 UAH. Operating carriers - Ukrainian International Airlines (on flight component KBP-SVO-PEK)

As a result, the most suitable route contains 2 transfer points.

The idea of research is to present the direct route KBP-PEK operated by Aeroflot.

Part 2. Legislation Provision of Ukraine-China Civil Aviation Flights

2.1 Freedoms of the Air

Freedom	Description	Example
1st	the right to fly over a foreign country, without landing there	Toronto - Mexico City, as a Canadian company, overflying the United States.
2nd	the right to refuel or carry out maintenance in a foreign country on the way to another country	Toronto - Mexico City, as a Canadian company, but stopping for fuel in the United States.
3rd	the right to fly from one's own country to another	Toronto - Chicago, as a Canadian company
4th	the right to fly from another country to one's own	Toronto - Chicago, as an American company
5th	the right to fly between two foreign countries during flights while the flight originates or ends in one's own country	Bangkok - Kuala Lumpur - Doha, as a Qatari company
6th	the right to fly from a foreign country to another one while stopping in one's own country for non-technical reasons	Dubai - Cairo - Paris, as an Egyptian company
7th	the right to fly between two foreign countries while not offering flights to one's own country	Kuala Lumpur - Jakarta, as an Italian company
8th	the right to fly between two or more airports in a foreign country while continuing service to one's own country	Chicago - New York - Toronto, as a Canadian company
9th	the right to fly inside a foreign country without continuing service to one's own country	Beijing - Shanghai, as an Italian company

The airline Aeroflot occupies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 freedoms of the air.

2.2 Warsaw System Regulations of Air Transport Market

ы Warsaw Convention, Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929.

ы The Hague Protocol 1955, Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 (Warsaw Convention), done at The Hague on 28 September 1955.

ы Guadalajara Convention 1961, Convention Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the Contracting Carrier, signed in Guadalajara, on 18 September 1961.

ы Guatemala City Protocol 1971, Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 (The Hague Protocol 1955), signed at Guatemala City, on 8 March 1971.

ы Additional Protocol No. 2, Additional Protocol No. 2 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 (The Hague Protocol 1955), signed at Montreal, on 25 September 1975.

ы Additional Protocol No. 3, Additional Protocol No. 3 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 and at Guatemala City on 8 March 1971 (Guatemala City Protocol 1971), signed at Montreal, on 25 September 1975.

ы Additional Protocol No. 4 Montreal Protocol No. 4 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 (The Hague Protocol), signed at Montreal, on 25 September 1975.

Aeroflot's provides their operations according to the Montreal Convention of 1999, which was the final document of the Warsaw System of Civil Aviation Regulation.

2.3 Open Sky Agreement (Liberalization Policy)

Passengers stand to gain the most from the signing of an Open Skies Agreement (OSA) between Ukraine and the European Union. Such an agreement will ensure European safety standards during flights, a high level of passenger services, more flights and more routes, and a wider range of ticket prices for air travel.

Thematically, the Open Skies Agreement is divided into two main parts:

· Harmonizing domestic legislation with EU legislation regarding flight safety and air traffic control.

· Ensuring mutual access to aviation markets: transport, manufacture and servicing of aviation equipment, training aviation specialists, and so on, should be on equal terms for all signatories to the OSA.

Among the basic conditions for Ukraine to join the Open Skies Agreement with the EU are a functioning Free Trade Area with the EU, Ukraine's accession to the European Aviation Safety Agency, and higher flight safety standards in line with OSA requirements.

2.4 Codeshare and Interline Agreements

Code sharing is a commercial agreement between two airlines that allows an airline to put its two-letter identification code on the flights of another airline as they appear in computerized reservations systems.

An Interline Agreement is an agreement between two carriers, where the airline partners can accept each other's travel tickets. Therefore, the passenger has the opportunity to travel with one airline's tickets on the flights of many other carriers all over the world.

Currently, UIA has 11 code-sharing agreements, about 130 interline agreements, and 64 of the Treaty on the special conditions of settlements with other airlines to provide passengers with the opportunity to reach more than 3000 cities around the world.

Aeroflot has codeshare agreements with the following airlines (as of January 2013):

§ Air France (SkyTeam);

§ Alitalia (SkyTeam);

§ Austrian Airlines (Star Alliance);

§ Brussels Airlines (Star Alliance);

§ China Southern;

§ Finnair (AY);

§ Tarom (RO);

§ Bulgaria Air (FB);

§ Cyprus Airways (CY);

§ Czech Airlines (OK);

§ Cubana (СU);

§ Air Europa (UX);

§ KLM (SkyTeam);

§ Air India;

§ Swiss International Air Lines (Star Alliance);

§ TAP Portugal (Star Alliance);

§ Air Baltic (BT).

"China Air" has following codeshare partners:

China Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

Alitalia * China Eastern Airlines * China Southern Airlines Czech Airlines * Delta Air Lines *	Garuda Indonesia ( Japan Airlines KLM * Korean Air * Shanghai Airlines *	Transaero Airlines [17] Vietnam Airlines * Xiamen Airlines *

Conclusion: As a conclusion, it is necessary to take into account that both countries (Russia and China) are signed the Montreal Protocol of Warsaw System Air Civil Market Regulations. But, Russia has Open Sky Agreement. It means that flight between them can be performed only according to the freedoms of the air and open sky agreements. As we choose operating carrier Aeroflot, it has the 1-6 freedoms of the air that provides legislative possibility to perform direct flight KBP-PEK (it is 3-4 freedoms of the air).

Also, between these countries direct codeshare agreement, only intermediate airline. Speaking about interline agreement, there is no also direct interline agreement, but there are partners UIA, KLM & Air France and Lufthansa that can operate route KBP-CAI. But, Aeroflot and KLM & Air France has no 7^th freedom of the air to perform direct flight KBP-PEK. It means that the most suitable operating carrier will be Lufthansa, which can perform flight on behalf of Aeroflot.

Part 3. Passenger Traffic and Route Planning Forecasting

3.1 Estimated Passenger Turnover

Direct Route KBP - PEK.

General Passenger Traffic in KBP of 2004-2012 years

Year	Passengers	Change on previous year
2004	3168000	35.0 %
2005	3,930,000	24.1 %
2006	4,618,000	17.6 %
2007	5,671,300	22.7 %
2008	6,700,000	17.4 %
2009	5,793,000	13.0 %
2010	6,692,382	15.5 %
2011	8029400	20.0 %
2012	8,478,000	5.0 %

According route map between KBP-PEK which was represented in Part 1, we can estimate possible number of passengers on this route during a year. Thus:

Route 1: we have aircraft A321 (commercial payload 220 PAX) and A330-300 (302 PAX). There are 10 flights per week (arrivals+departures). The PAX turnover according to this route will be (220+302)*10=52200 PAX/week;

Route 2: we have aircraft A340-600 (commercial payload 380 PAX) and A340-300 (295 PAX). There are 8 flights per week (arrivals+departures). The PAX turnover according to this route will be (380+295)*8=5400 PAX/week;

Route 3: we have aircraft A320-200 (commercial payload 180 PAX) and A318(132 PAX). There are 7 flights per week (arrivals+departures). The PAX turnover according to this route will be (180+132)*7=2184 PAX/week;

Route 4: we have aircraft A320-200 (commercial payload 180 PAX) and A318(132 PAX). There are 6 flights per week (arrivals+departures). The PAX turnover according to this route will be (180+132)*6=1872 PAX/week;

Route 5: we have aircraft A321-200 (commercial payload 220 PAX) and B737-700 (149 PAX), B737-400 (168 PAX). There are 13 flights per week (arrivals+departures). The PAX turnover according to this route will be (220+149+168)*13=6981 PAX/week.

3.2 Route Planning Forecasting

It is necessary to predict possible passenger turnover for the next 5 years.

Passenger Turnover on KBP-PEX

Year	Passenger Turnover, PAX/year
2008	653678
2009	804367
2010	914536
2011	1058022
2012	934329

So, the result of calculations will be:

YEAR	Pass turnover	GDP Ukraine	GDP China
2008	1123867	142700000	139472000
2009	1167004	180400000	162836000
2010	1156980	117227000	188984000
2011	1358022	137929000	218912000
2012	1349764	165245000	22953100
2013	1349855	165800000	229131000

So, in this type of forecasting we have exponential trend line with R=0,6235.

The result of forecasting is:

Year	Passenger Turnover, PAX/year
2008	653678
2009	804367
2010	914536
2011	1058022
2012	934329
2013	970956
2014	996780
2015	1005698
2016	1096790
2017	1016745

Regression Forecasting. We chose the functian "Data Analyzis" and than choose function "regression".

We obtain the following results:

Year	Passenger Turnover, PAX/year	GDP Ukraine	GDP China
2008	653678	142700000	4377943000
2009	804367	180400000	4879861000
2010	914536	117227000	5032982000
2011	1058022	137929000	5497812000
2012	934329	165245000	5867154000
2013	946780	166247800	5877154000
2014	957890	167247800	5887154000
2015	958860	168247800	5897154000
2016	968850	169247800	5967154000
2017	975680	176247800	6067154000

Part 4. Time Table Design according to the route KBP-PEK

4.1 Timetable Design

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies, and is a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.

The city's history dates back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for much of the past seven centuries. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, gardens, tombs, walls and gates, and its art treasures and universities have made it a center of culture and art in China. Few cities in the world have been the political and cultural center of an area as immense for so long.

That is why 90 % of flights are performed on touristic basis and 10 % - business needs. It means that if we want to perform direct flight KBP-PEK in will be better to change the route KBP-SVO-PEK on the new one.

81 PAX/week, thus if we want to change it according to the forecasting data o 2013-2017 years, the probable passenger turnover on this route can be approximately 7000 PAX/week.

Today is summer period in aviation and taken into account touristic needs of passengers it will be better to perform flight 10 times per week.

In the time table of PEK route KBP-SVO-PEK occupies time of departure 09.45 and 19.30 every day. But, we know that touristic flights are very comfortable to perform in the beginning and the end of the week. Thus, we represent the timetable UIA to find the possible time of additional flights in Monday and Friday.

The time duration of direct flight KBP-PEK is 5 hours. Direct flight between Kiev - Kansai will occupy nearly 9 hours, but as it is not suitable for us we have choose the optimal flight for the cost and time. It is flight KBP-HEL-KIX. This flight will take 23 hours. Time difference between Ukraine and Beijing is five hours: Time (Kiev) - 00:54 Time (Beijing) - 05:54.

4.2 Aircraft choice for route KBP-PEK

We have passenger turnover on the route KBP - PEK in general in 2013 year 946780 PAX/year, that is our chosen route (KBP - SVO - PEK) occupies 30 % - 28403 PAX/year. On the week we have 691 PAX/week from Ukraine.

we decide flight on the route KBP-HEL-KIX-KBP 12 times per week. That is why the number of passengers per one flight will be 691/12=58 PAX So, we must find the aircraft with commercial payload of 58 PAX for the rout KBP - HEL; and aircraft with commercial payload 200 "+"PAX, as flight from HEL to KIX are rather more popular, than in Ukraine. Distance between Kiev - Osaka is 8042 km, it is one more reason, why we are not interested in direct flight(distance is long, only aircrafts with big payload can cover it). That's why we will take such aircraft, which will catch this distance, but we will make stop in HEL.The distance between KBP and HEL 1620 km HEL and KIX is 7728 km. Total distance 9348 km So, learning our characteristics (time of flight, commercial payload, distance of flight and price for aircraft) I have choose the following crew:

A330-300	Data
Length	63,60 m
Wingspan	60,30 m
Height	16,70 m
Cruising Speed	900 km/h
Max. takeoff weight	233.000 kg
Range*	10.501 km
First/Business/Economy (max.)**	Passengers 295/335, max. 440

Part 5. Calculation of the Cost of the Flight

5.1 Calculation the cost of leasing and credit for the aircraft

Commercial aircraft, such as those operated by airlines, use more sophisticated leases and debt financing schemes. The three most common schemes for financing commercial aircraft are secured lending, operating leasing and finance leasing. However, there are other ways to pay for the aircraft: cash, operating leasing and sale/leasebacks, bank loans/finance leases, export credit guaranteed loans, tax leases, manufacturer support, EETCs.

5.1.1 Calculation of Leasing Purchase of Aircraft A330-300

Initial data for calculation of the purchase aircraft in credit and leasing aircraft:

The cost of the new 175 million USD (Airbus a330-300).

Number of intervals for which the calculation of interest payments in the stipulated period-5 years.

Credit interest rate - 12 %.

The income tax rate - 20 %.

The average loan interest rate - 15 %.

Depreciation - 10 %.

Purchase of vehicle in credit.

Calculate monthly loan repayment involves pre-agreed amount, the same part of the loan and the monthly interest payment.

The value of the next loan payment is determined by:

V = pV / n,

where pV - the initial value of the loan or current at the time of calculating the value of the loan;

n - number of years.

The value of the next payment of interest is:

I = pV * rate,

where the rate - annual percentage rate.

№ payment	Credit debt, mln. USD	Percentage payments	Loan payments, mln. USD	Total Payment, mln. USD
1	175	21,00	35	56,00
2	140	16,80	35	51,80
3	105	12,0	35	47,60
4	70	8,4	35	43,40
5	35	4,20	35	39,20
Total:		63,00	175	238,00

Leasing calculation:

PV - 175000000 $ (price).

X=1.

N=5years*12=60 payments.

I=12 % or i=12/(5*12)=0,2.

Periodical rental payment=175000000/420=416 667$.

Leasing value = 416 667*60= 250 mln. USD.

416 667*12=50mln. USD.

According to results of calculation we can see, that credit is more suitable for our flight. It is cheaper, than leasing. That is why we want to take aircraft A330-300 in leasing on 5 years with annual payment 35 mln. USD.

5.1.2 Calculation of Credit Purchase of Aircraft A321-100/200

There are several methods of calculating interest on the loan, as follows:

Monthly repayment of the loan with interest payments;

Annuity payment;

One-time repayment of the loan with periodic interest payments.

loan amount - 89 000 000 $.

loan term - 12 months (n - number of months).

Interest rate - 15 % "per annum".

Monthly interest rate on the loan - 1,25 (rate - monthly interest rate, twelfth annual).

The value of the next payment on the loan is determined by the formula:

V = pV / n.

The value of the next interest payment is determined by the formula:

I = pV * rate.

№ payment	Payment	Result of calculations
1	89000000	1763630
2	59333330	904789
3	54678900	98452
4	49786000	83190
5	45679000	60453
6	41438900	47626
7	38905600	35937
8	35679000	33786
9	32674000	31783
10	30156000	30104
11	28569000	27046
12	24869400	26580
Total:		3143376

Credit value - 3143376 $, leasing value - 3051432$. So, as we see, the leasing value per year is more cheapest. That is why we want to take aircraft A330-300in leasing on 5 years with annual payment 3051432$ (24716600 UAH).

5.2 Calculation of the net cost of flight



5.2.1 Calculation of the Charges on Fuel and Lubricants

A330-300.

I_NH - 0,05.

C_TP - 1075 UAH.

g - 3200 kg/h.

5.2.2 Calculation of Charges on Complete Renewal

C_PS - 175 000 000$.

N_AM - 10 % - 175 000 00 $.

T_TR - 11*4*30*12=15840 h/year.

5.2.3 Calculation of Charges on Technical Service and Repair

I_TO - 0,35.

C_AM - amortization value - 17500 $.

5.2.4 Calculation of Social Contribution Deduction

C_CP - 1300 UAH/hours.

C_CS - 0,487.

5.2.5 Calculation of Other Flight Charges

L_o - 0,015.

M_PS - maximum range - 10500 km.

T_FL - time of flight - 11 h.

5.2.6 Calculation of Airport Charges

Beijing IA.

C_TL - day time -35$+night time - 42$ - 77$.

C_COM - 16$ per PAX - 3200$.

C_GK - boarding bridge-345$+parking-21$+housing-42$+towing-25$ - 433$

T_NF - 11 h.

I_UA - 0,5.

Borispol IA.

C_TL - day time -32$+night time - 35$ - 67 $.

C_COM - 15$ per PAX - 3000$.

C_GK - boarding bridge-300$+parking-50$+housing-49$+towing-26$ - 424$.

T_NF - 3 h.

I_UA - 0,5.

5.2.7 Calculation of Collection on Air Navigation

T - 250 UAH.

D - distance KBP-KIX-9348 km.

Gb - take-off weight - 233 000 t.

Osaka IA.

C_TL - 77$= 624 UAH.

T_NF - 11 h.

R - 15 891 600 UAH.

Borispol IA.

C_TL - 67$=543 UAH.

T_NF - 11 h.

R - 15 891 600 UAH.

5.2.8 Calculation of Horary Flight Efficiency

L_BN - distance between KBP-KIX - 9348 km.

V_KR - cruising speed - 900 km/h.

?t - 11 h.

M_PM - maximum payload - 51 700kg.

I_CLF - 0,8.

V_p - 437 km/h.

5.2.9 Calculation of the Direct Cost of the Flight

C_F - 361200 UAH.

C_CR - 1790 UAH.

C_TS - 49612 UAH.

C_{CP -} 1300 UAH/hour.

D_SN ^- 633 UAH.

5.2.10 Calculation of the Indirect Cost of the Flight

C₁=C_D= 414535 *0,4= 331628 UAH;

5.2.11 Calculation of the Tone-Kilometers Prime Cost

The net cost per flight KBP - KIX will be calculated as:

NC₁=++= 746163 + 10028+ 14447+15=770653 UAH;

The net cost per flight KIX - KBP will be calculated as:

NC₂=++=746163 + 9230 + 14377+15 =769785 UAH;

Total net cost of flight KBP-KIX-KBP will be:

TNC=NC₁+NC₂=770653+769785= 1559538 UAH.

As we see, for calculation the primary cost of the flight KBP-PEK-KBP we use not only Airborne Hour Prime Cost, but also airport and air navigation charges at both airports. Thus, the total net cost of the flight is 1559538 UAH on the direction KBP-PEK-KBP.

5.3 Calculation of the tariff of the route KBP-PEK-KBP

It is necessary to calculate the tariff on the flight KBP-PEK-KBP:

Tariff= (TNC+ Leasing/Credit Value)/Commercial Loading of Aircraft.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account that we choose the credit purchase of aircraft with 3500000 $ payment annually.

On the designing flight we carry out 12 flights per week = > 576 flight per year. It means that leasing payment per one flight will be 60763 $ (400858 UAH).

Speaking about commercial loading of aircraft, it is necessary to take into account that we have round trip with the same aircraft. It means that commercial loading for calculation is A 321-200/100 occupies 200 PAX - for our calculations.

It is price per flight KBP-PEK-KBP:

Tariff= (1559538+400858)/200=7645,4 UAH

Conclusions and Recommendations

Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air traffic control requirements, to minimize the risk of mid-air collision. In addition, flight planners normally wish to minimize flight cost by appropriate choice of route, height, and speed, and by loading the minimum necessary fuel on board.

We have analyzed air transportation markets between Ukraine and China (Beijing airport). We have determined what features and main characteristics attract not only Osaka citizens, but also tourists. This country is a center of a business and rest. That's why, the basic passengers visiting Australia are tourists, immigrants, and businessmen.

It is necessary to take into account that both countries (Ukraine and China) are signed the Montreal Protocol of Warsaw System Air Civil Market Regulations.

We also prove the necessity of opening a new flight from Kyiv to China, Beijing I A. We have already done a forecasting of air passenger transportation development and perspectives for development of a new flight from Kyiv to China, Beijing I A via Moskow.

As a result, the most suitable route contains 1 transfer points. The idea of research is to present the direct route KBP-PEK operated by Aeroflot. It is necessary to sign new agreements between countries (Such as Open Sky, code - share, etc.)

References

1. Peter S. Morrell/ Airline Finance [third edition] / Cranfield University/ Ashgate e-books. 1946, 259 p. - 118 p.

2. Passenger Air Tariffs/Worldwide fares/ IATA/ January, 2006.

3. http://www.amadeus.net/plnext/meb/TimeTable.action?SITE=BCEUBCEU&LANGUAGE=GB.

4. http://www.aeroflot.ru/cms/flight/ways_map.

5. http://www.lufthansa.com/ua/en/Homepage.

6. http://www.airfrance.com/indexCOM.html.

7. http://www.flightstats.com.

8. http://www.chinaair.com/English/Pages/splashpage.aspx.

9. http://www.flyuia.com/eng/en.html.

10. http://www.pekairport.com/.

11. http://kbp.aero/.

12. http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=24.

13. http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3393-17.

14. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/roads/route-based-forecasting.

Размещено на Allbest.ru

...