Air-ticket booking service

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Air-ticket booking service

ABSTRACT

airline reservation application ticket

In this project, an Air-Ticket Booking Service application will be developed in platforms Eclipse and MAMP using object-oriented language Java and Entity-Relationship Database Model for airline company workers and airline company passengers. The airline company worker logs in to the system using username and password. After the employee can add a flight or a passenger to the database, can delete a flight or a passenger from the database, and can update or display employee, flight, or passenger information. Then, the airline company worker logs out of the system. The airline company passenger searches for a domestic or international flight with a specific date. After the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the airline company database. If there are existing flights on that date, they will be displayed. Otherwise, the system will send a message that the flight does not exist. Then, the passenger selects a flight from available flights and enters her or his personal passenger information to the system. Later, the passenger reserves or buys a plane ticket. After, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique the combination of the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA and the hash function SHA-256. Next, the passenger ticket information will be sent to the customer via email. After, the airline company passenger logs in to the system using the passport number. Next, the passenger can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can display the flight information, and can cancel the reservation. Then, the airline company passenger logs out of the system.

INTRODUCTION

At the present time, technology has been developing day by day and engineers have been developing a lot of applications for people. This is because applications make human daily life easier and it is possible to achieve objectives faster using them. Therefore, people use applications widely all over the world because they have a lot of advantages. Especially, booking service applications are popular among people all over the world because people like traveling to see new places, to learn new cultures, and to try new cuisines. In addition, people use booking service applications in order to save money and time. For example, it is difficult for people to go to the airline company offices to buy a plane ticket due to their jobs and also, sometimes the airline companies provide special discounts to their customers who use the application. Besides, the airline companies want to have a private booking service application in order to reach a great number of people in the world and to have an advantage in the market using them. Although there are a lot of available booking service applications, existing systems may have a lack of features and functionalities in terms of quality attributes. Hence, the airline company employees and the airline company passengers are in needs of booking service applications. Moreover, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application will be developed for the airline company employees and the airline company passengers in platforms Eclipse for software development and MAMP for the airline company database using object-oriented language Java and Entity-Relationship Database Model. The aim of the Air-Ticket Booking Service application development is to assist people in terms of decreasing the workload in their daily life. The application addresses two types of users which are airline company employees and airline company passengers. The airline company employee logs in to the system using username and password. After, the employee can display the employee information, can update the employee information, can add a flight to the airline company database, can delete a flight from the airline company database, can display the flight information, can update the flight information, can add a passenger to the airline company database, can delete a passenger from the airline company database, can display the passenger information, and can update the passenger information. Then, the airline company employee logs out of the system. On the other hand, the airline company passenger searches for a domestic or international flight with a specific date. After, the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the airline company database. If there are existing flights on that date, they will be displayed. Otherwise, the system will send a message that the flight does not exist. Then, the passenger selects a flight from available flights. Later on, the passenger enters the passenger information to the system and reserves or buys a plane ticket. After, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique which is the combination of the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA and the hash function SHA-256. Next, the passenger ticket information will be sent to the customer via email using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. After, the airline company passenger logs in to the system using the passport number. Next, the passenger can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can display the flight information, and can cancel the reservation. Then, the airline company passenger logs out of the system. As a result, apart from other existing booking service applications, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application offers qualified service, better speed, advanced capacity, and enhanced security to users. Also, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application tests show that the airline company employees and the airline company passengers can use this application in their daily life.

1.1 Problem definition

The problem is to develop a unique and qualified Air-Ticket Booking System application in terms of quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability for the airline company employees and the airline company passengers. For example, the application results have to be accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust with respect to user requests such as adding a flight or a passenger to the database, deleting a flight or a passenger from the database, displaying employee, flight, or passenger information, updating employee, flight, or passenger information, and buying a plane ticket. That means the application has to run without bugs and errors. In addition, the application performance has to be good in terms of speed and CPU usage. Besides, the application has to be modified and has to adapt when internal and external changes occur. For this, the software and the database of the application have to be managed in a good way. Furthermore, the application has to be transferred to various places in the environment. To supply this, the object-oriented language Java and Entity-Relationship Database Model can be selected. Also, the application has to be understandable and usable for users. Moreover, the application has to be secure against attackers. This is because if personal data fall into third parties or the public, data will be in danger. As a result of this situation, bad results such as data loss and theft may occur. Therefore, an advanced level technique like Hybrid Cryptography which is constructed using the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA and the hash function SHA-256 has to be created for the system security in order to guard the airline company employee information and the airline company passenger information against malicious attacks while storing the employee information in the database or sharing the passenger information via email.

2. EXISTING AIR-TICKET BOOKING SERVICES

At the present time, there are a lot of Air-Ticket Booking Service applications are used by people in the world. This is because applications provide many advantages to users. For example, four leading airline companies Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Sun Express, and Onur Air have private applications for their employees and passengers.

2.1 Turkish Airlines

Turkish Airlines is a Turkish Airline company which has a booking service application for its employees and passengers (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1: Turkish Airlines Booking Service Application.

Moreover, the application was examined in terms of quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability. Firstly, results were accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust with respect to user requests like searching for a flight. However, although there were available flights, the application did not display them when the multi-city option was selected. There was no error in the application so, software tests were successful. Secondly, in terms of the performance, the application speed was normal and the CPU usage of the application was 16,39 %. Thirdly, the system security was provided using a Hash Function, Symmetric, or Asymmetric Cryptography technique. Fourthly, the application was developed using the JavaScript language and the airline company has its own private server for the database. In this way, the application can adapt when internal and external changes occur, can be modified, and can be transferred to various places in the environment. Fifthly, the difficulty level was medium for users to understand and use the application.

2.2 Pegasus Airlines

Pegasus Airlines is a Turkish Airline company which has a booking service application for its employees and passengers (Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.2: Pegasus Airlines Booking Service Application.

Furthermore, the application was examined in terms of quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability. Firstly, results were accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust with respect to user requests like searching for a flight. Also, there was no option for multi city. There was no error in the application so, software tests were successful. Secondly, in terms of the performance, the application speed was good but the CPU usage of the application was 28,63 %. Thirdly, the system security was provided using a Hash Function, Symmetric, or Asymmetric Cryptography technique. Fourthly, the application was developed using the JavaScript language and the airline company has its own private server for the database. In this way, the application can adapt when internal and external changes occur, can be modified, and can be transferred to various places in the environment. Fifthly, the difficulty level was easy for users to understand and use the application.

2.3 Sun Express

Sun Express is a Turkish Airline company which has a booking service application for its employees and passengers (Figure 2.3). Besides, the application was examined in terms of quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability. Firstly, results were accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust with respect to user requests like searching for a flight. There was no error in the application so, software tests were successful. Secondly, in terms of the performance, the application speed was good and the CPU usage of the application was 11,09 %. Thirdly, the system security was provided using a Hash Function, Symmetric, or Asymmetric Cryptography technique. Fourthly, the application was developed using the JavaScript language and the airline company has its own private server for the database. In this way, the application can adapt when internal and external changes occur, can be modified, and can be transferred to various places in the environment. Fifthly, the difficulty level was easy for users to understand and use the application.

Figure 2.3: Sun Express Booking Service Application.

2.4 Onur Air

Onur Air is a Turkish Airline company which has a booking service application for its employees and passengers (Figure 2.4). In addition, the application was examined in terms of quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability. Firstly, results were accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust with respect to user requests like searching for a flight. Also, there was no option for multi city. There was no error in the application so, software tests were successful. Secondly, in terms of the performance, the application speed was normal but the CPU usage of the application was 37,20 %. Thirdly, the system security was provided using a Hash Function, Symmetric, or Asymmetric Cryptography technique. Fourthly, the application was developed using the JavaScript language and the airline company has its own private server for the database. In this way, the application can adapt when internal and external changes occur, can be modified, and can be transferred to various places in the environment. Fifthly, the difficulty level was medium for users to understand and use the application.

Figure 2.4: Onur Air Booking Service Application.

3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

The object-oriented methods were used for the project in order to develop the Air-Ticket Booking Service application. Hence, at first, user requirements coming from the administrator and the user were identified for the Air-Ticket Booking Service application. There were four important requirements for the administrator who is an airline company employee.

§ The administrator can log in to the system and can log out of the system securely.

§ The administrator can display the employee information and can update the employee information.

§ The administrator can add a flight to the airline company database, can delete a flight from the airline company database, can display the flight information, and can update the flight information.

§ The administrator can add a passenger to the airline company database, can delete a passenger from the airline company database, can display the passenger information, and can update the passenger information.

There were six significant requirements for the user who is an airline company passenger.

§ The user can log in to the system and can log out of the system securely.

§ The user can buy a plane ticket with spending money such as Euro, Dollar, Ruble, and Lira.

§ The user can buy a one-way ticket, round trip tickets, or multi-city tickets.

§ The user can make a reservation, can cancel the reservation, and can view the reservation.

§ The user can select a meal and can select a seat in the plane.

§ The user can see the ticket information in the email and can display the ticket information using the application.

Then, the project was divided into two major parts which are MAMP for constructing the airline company database and Eclipse for the software development.

3.1 MAMP

In the MAMP part, the database was constructed in order to store the airline company data. Seven tables Employee, Passenger, Operation, Aircraft, Airport, Flight, and Ticket were created, attributes were assigned to entities, relationships between tables were created using Entity-Relationship Model, and data were inserted into the database (Figure 3.1).

§ Aircraft: id (Primary Key), code, and capacity.

§ Airport: id (Primary Key), name, code, city, country, and continent.

§ Employee: id (Primary Key), name, surname, birthdate, gender, country, job, username, password, email, phone, address, and hash.

§ Passenger: id (Primary Key), name, surname, gender, birthdate, country, email, phone, passport_number, address, ticket_id (Foreign Key), payment_status, cipher, and meal.

§ Operation: id (Primary Key), name, date, day, time, emp_id (Foreign Key), and pass_id (Foreign Key).

§ Flight: id (Primary Key), code, dep_id (Foreign Key), arr_id (Foreign Key), duration, price, time, day, flight_date, and air_id (Foreign Key).

§ Ticket: id (Primary Key), ticket_group, seat_number, and flight_id (Foreign Key).



Figure 3.1: The airline company database.

3.2 Eclipse

In the Eclipse part, the software of the Air-Ticket Booking Service application was developed using an object-oriented language Java. Initially, classes were created. Next, the code was written. Then, MAMP and Eclipse parts were connected using Java Database Connectivity. Furthermore, there are twenty-eight classes in the Air-Ticket Booking Service System. To illustrate, the Side Page class helps the administrator and the user to enter the system. The Login Page class helps the administrator to log in to the system. The Administrator Page class helps the administrator to select an option about the employee, the flight, or the passenger. The User Page class helps the user to log in to the system and search for a flight by entering flight and date. The Flight Selection class provides the user to select a flight from available flights. The Booking class supplies the user to buy or reserve a plane ticket. The Payment class provides the user to pay the price of the plane ticket. The Final Page class supplies the user to see the ticket information (Figure 3.2).



Figure 3.2: Air-Ticket Booking Service System Classes (1).

After the administrator logs in to the system, there will be options such as adding a flight or a passenger to the database, deleting a flight or a passenger from the database, displaying employee, flight, or passenger information, updating employee, flight, or passenger information for the administrator. For example, the Display Employee class helps the administrator to display the employee information. The Update Employee class helps the administrator to update the employee information. The Add Flight class provides the administrator to add a flight to the database by inserting the flight information such as arrival airport, departure airport, and flight date. The Delete Flight class provides the administrator to delete a flight from the database by entering the flight information like the flight ID. The Display Flight class provides the administrator to display the flight information. The Update Flight class provides the administrator to update the flight information. The Add Passenger class supplies the administrator to add a passenger to the database by inserting the passenger information such as name, surname, and passport number. The Delete Passenger class supplies the administrator to delete a passenger from the database by entering the passenger information like the passport number. The Display Passenger class supplies the administrator to display the passenger information. The Update Passenger class supplies the administrator to update the passenger information (Figure 3.3).

Figure 3.3: Air-Ticket Booking Service System Classes (2).

After the user logs in to the system, there will be seat selection options for the user. For instances, the Seat Capacity 120 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 120 seats. The Seat Capacity 130 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 130 seats. The Seat Capacity 150 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 150 seats. The Seat Capacity 160 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 160 seats. The Seat Capacity 180 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 180 seats. The Seat Capacity 200 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 200 seats. The Seat Capacity 250 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 250 seats. The Seat Capacity 300 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 300 seats. The Seat Capacity 350 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 350 seats. The Seat Capacity 400 class provides the user to select a seat in the plane that has 400 seats (Figure 3.4).



Figure 3.4: Air-Ticket Booking Service System Classes (3).

Moreover, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application has two interfaces. The first one is for the airline company passenger who is the user and the second one is for the airline company employee who is the administrator. In the user part, to start with, the user runs the program and selects a flight with a particular date. Later on, the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the database. If the flight does not exist, then the system will send a message that the flight is not available in the database. Otherwise, available flights will be displayed to the user. Next, the user selects a flight from available flights. After, the user enters the personal information and buys or reserves a plane ticket. Later, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique. Then, the ticket information will be sent to the user via email. Afterward, the user enters her or his passport number to the system. Next, the user passport number will be checked in the database whether it is valid or not. If the passport number is not valid, then the system will send an error message about an invalid passport number. Otherwise, the user logs in to the system. Thereby, the user can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can cancel the ticket reservation, or can display the ticket information. Then, the user logs out of the system and the program terminates (Figure 3.5).



Figure 3.5: Flowchart of the user part.

In the administrator part, to begin with, the administrator runs the program and enters her or his username and password to the system. Later on, the administrator username and the administrator password will be checked in the database whether they are valid or not. If the username or the password is not valid, then the system will send an error message about invalid username and password. Otherwise, the administrator logs in to the system. Thereby, the administrator can display the employee information, can update the employee information, can add a flight to the database, can delete a flight from the database, can display the flight information, can update the flight information, can add a passenger to the database, can delete a passenger from the database, can display the passenger information, and can update the passenger information. Then, the administrator logs out of the system and the program terminates (Figure 3.6).



Figure 3.6: Flowchart of the administrator part.

Furthermore, the passenger information and the employee information were protected and were prevented from fall into third parties and the public. For this, the Hybrid Cryptography technique was used in the Air-Ticket Booking Service application. The Hybrid Cryptography technique was constructed by combining the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA and the hash function algorithm SHA-256. Firstly, the personal information of the passenger and the employee is taken. Next, the information is encrypted using the asymmetric encryption. Later on, the encrypted information is encrypted one more time using the hash function. Finally, the encrypted information is inserted into the database (Figure 3.7).

Figure 3.7: The Hybrid Cryptography technique.

In the first encryption part of the Hybrid Cryptography technique in the Air-Ticket Booking Service application, the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA was used to encrypt the user information and the administrator information using the private key. Also, the encrypted text was decrypted using the public key in order to test the system (Figure 3.8).



Figure 3.8: Encryption and decryption using the asymmetric cryptography technique.

In the RSA algorithm, the java security library was used. The algorithm (Figure 3.9);

1. The text that contains the information of the employee and the passenger is taken.

2. Keys private and public are generated.

3. The text is encrypted using the private key.

4. The text is decrypted using the public key.

5. The text, the encrypted text, and the decrypted text are printed.

Figure 3.9: The pseudocode of the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA.

In the second encryption part of the Hybrid Cryptography technique in the Air-Ticket Booking Service application, the hash function algorithm SHA-256 was used to encrypt the user information and the administrator information without using a key. The hash function summarized the information while compressing its bits using the hash algorithm SHA-256 (Figure 3.10). However, the encrypted text was not decrypted for testing. This is because it is not possible to decrypt the message using a hash function due to the fact that it is a one-way function.

Figure 3.10: Encryption using the hash function.

In the SHA-256 algorithm, the java security library was used. The algorithm (Figure 3.11);

1. The text is taken.

2. The message digest of the text is put into a byte array.

3. The message digest in a byte array is converted into signum representation.

4. The signum value of the message digest is converted into hexadecimal representation.

5. The hexadecimal value is put into the hash text.

6. The preceding zeros are added to the hash text in order to make it 32 bits.

7. The hash text is printed.



Figure 3.11: The pseudocode of the hash function algorithm SHA-256.

In addition, an electronic mail transmission in the Air-Ticket Booking Service application was provided using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Firstly, the sender that is the Air-Ticket Booking Service application sends the passenger ticket information. After, the message departures from the sender's mail server and arrives at the receiver's mail server. Finally, the receiver who is the passenger receives the ticket information via email (Figure 3.12).

Figure 3.12: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

4. IMPLEMENTATION

First of all, the project was divided into two significant parts. The first part was MAMP for storing the airline company data in the database and the second part was Eclipse for the software development. In the part MAMP, tables Ticket, Flight, Airport, Aircraft, Employee, Passenger, and Operation were created in order to keep data of the airline company, attributes were assigned to entities, and data were inserted. Also, the Entity-Relationship Model was used for the database in order to provide information flow between tables effectively (Figure 4.1). According to the model, there are one-to-many relations between tables. For example,

§ A passenger buys a lot of tickets but a ticket belongs to only one passenger.

§ A passenger does a lot of operations but an operation belongs to only one passenger.

§ An employee does a lot of operations but an operation belongs to only one employee.

§ A flight is assigned to a lot of tickets but a ticket belongs to only one flight.

§ An aircraft has a lot of flights but a flight belongs to only one aircraft.

§ A departure airport has a lot of flights but a flight has only one departure airport.

§ An arrival airport has a lot of flights but a flight has only one arrival airport.



Figure 4.1: The E-R Model of Smyrna Airlines Database.

In the part Eclipse, the software of Air-Ticket Booking Service was developed using an object-oriented language Java. MAMP and Eclipse parts were connected. The connection between parts was provided using Java Database Connectivity. Moreover, the system quality attributes were arranged in order to develop a unique Air-Ticket Booking Service application. Firstly, the code was written effectively in order to increase performance and receive accurate, efficient, reliable, and robust results. For example, the code which goes redundant processing was removed, exception and error handlings were used, objects were synchronized, best data types, variables, and keywords were used for algorithms, the database access code was optimized and many more. Secondly, the Hybrid Cryptography technique that is the combination of the hash function SHA-256 and the asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA was used in order to provide the security of the employee information and the passenger information. Thirdly, the system was designed simple. In this way, system users can understand and use the application easily. Fourthly, bugs and errors in the software were fixed using the White Box Test which helps easy modification. Fifthly, the application can easily adapt when internal and external changes occur and can be transferred between various places in the environment easily thanks to object-oriented language Java and E-R database model.

4.1 System Overview

Initially, the system was divided into two crucial parts (Figure 4.2). The first one was the user part and the second one was the administrator part.

Figure 4.2: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System Overview.

In the user part, the airline company passenger searches for a flight with a particular date. After, the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the airline company database. If there are existing flights on that date, they will be displayed. Otherwise, the system will send a message that the flight does not exist. Next, the passenger selects a flight from available flights and enters the personal information to the system. Later on, the passenger reserves or buys a plane ticket. Afterward, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique which is the union of hash function SHA-256 and asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA. Then, the passenger ticket information will be sent to the customer via email using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. After, the passenger logs in to the system using the passport number. Next, the passenger can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can display the flight information, and can cancel the reservation. Then, the airline company passenger logs out of the system. In the administrator part, the airline company employee logs in to the system using username and password. Next, the employee can add a flight or a passenger to the database, can delete a flight or a passenger from the database, can display employee, flight, or passenger information, and can update employee, flight, or passenger information. Then, the airline company employee logs out of the system.

4.2 Use-Case Diagram

The system addresses to the airline company passenger that is the user and the airline company employee that is the administrator. The passenger can log in to the system, can log out of the system, can buy a plane ticket, can reserve a plane ticket, can cancel a plane ticket, can display the plane ticket information, can select a meal, and can select a seat in the plane. The employee can log in to the system, can log out of the system, can display the employee information, can update the employee information, can add a flight to the database, can delete a flight from the database, can display the flight information, can update the flight information, can add a passenger to the database, can delete a passenger from the database, can display the passenger information, and can update the passenger information (Figure 4.3).

Figure 4.3: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System Use-Case Diagram.

4.3 Activity Diagrams

4.3.1 User

In the beginning, the user selects a flight with a particular date. Then, the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the airline company database. If the flight does not exist, then the system will send a message that the flight is not available in the database. In another situation, available flights will be displayed. After, the user selects a flight from available flights and enters the personal information. Next, the user buys or reserves a plane ticket. Later on, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique. Then, the ticket information will be sent to the passenger via email. After, the user logs in to the system using the passport number. In this way, the user can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can cancel the ticket reservation, or can display the ticket information. Then, the user logs out of the system (Figure 4.4).

Figure 4.4: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System User Activity Diagram.

4.3.2 Administrator

To begin with, the administrator logs in to the system using her or his username and password. In this way, the administrator can display the employee information, can update the employee information, can add a flight to the database, can delete a flight from the database, can display the flight information, can update the flight information, can add a passenger to the database, can delete a passenger from the database, can display the passenger information, and can update the passenger information. Then, the administrator logs out of the system (Figure 4.5).

Figure 4.5: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System Administrator Activity Diagram.

4.4 Sequence Diagrams

4.4.1 User

At first, the user clicks to the system and enters into the User Page class. Next, the user enters a flight with a particular date. If there are existing flights on that date, the user will enter into the Flight Selection class. After, available flights are displayed to the user in the Flight Selection class. Later on, the user selects a flight from available flights and enters into the Booking class. Then, the user enters the personal information to the system and reserves or buys a plane ticket in the Payment class. Afterward, the passenger information is stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique and the user enters into the Final Page class. Then, the ticket information is sent to the customer via email. Next, the user enters the passport number to the system in the User Page class and the login status fail or pass is displayed to the user. If the user enters into the system, the user can select a seat in the plane in the Seat Capacity class, can select a meal in the User Page class, can cancel the ticket reservation in the User Page class, can display the ticket information in the User Page class (Figure 4.6).

Figure 4.6: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System User Sequence Diagram.

4.4.2 Administrator

Firstly, the administrator clicks to the system and enters into the Administrator Page class. Then, the administrator enters her or his username and password to the system in the Administrator Page class and the login status fail or pass is displayed to the administrator.

If the administrator enters into the system, the administrator can add a flight in the airline company database in the Add Flight class, can delete a flight from the airline company database in the Delete Flight class, can display the flight information in the Display Flight class, can update the flight information in the Update Flight class, can add a passenger to the airline company database in the Add Passenger class, can delete a passenger from the airline company database in the Delete Passenger class, can display the passenger information in the Display Passenger class, can update the passenger information in the Update Passenger class, can display the employee information in the Display Employee class, and can update the employee information in the Update Employee class (Figure 4.7).

Figure 4.7: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System Administrator Sequence Diagram.

4.5 UML Diagram

The Air-Ticket Booking Service System has twenty-eight classes (Figure 4.8). All classes in the Air-Ticket Booking Service software are initialized after Side Page class begins.

Figure 4.8: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System UML Diagram.

When the administrator button is pressed, the Login Page class is initialized. The Login Page class starts to take a username and a password from the administrator. If the username and the password are valid, then the Administrator Page class will be initialized. Otherwise, the administrator cannot enter into the system. Next, the administrator has three options which are “the employee”, “the flight”, and “the passenger”. After, the administrator selects an option. If “the employee” is selected as an option, the administrator will have two options which are “display the employee” and “update the employee”. After, if the administrator selects “display the employee” as an option, the Display Employee class will be initialized and the employee information will be displayed according to the administrator ID. If the administrator selects “update the employee” as an option, the Update Employee class will be initialized and the administrator can update the personal information such as name, surname, gender, birth date, country, job, email, phone number, address, username, and password. Moreover, if “the flight” is selected as an option, the administrator will have four options which are “add a flight”, “delete a flight”, “display the flight”, and “update the flight”. After, if the administrator selects “add a flight” as an option, the Add Flight class will be initialized and the administrator can add a flight to the airline company database by inserting the flight information such as ID, departure airport, arrival airport, price, duration, time, date, and aircraft type. If the administrator selects “delete a flight” as an option, the Delete Flight class will be initialized and the administrator can delete a flight from the airline company database by selecting a flight from available flights looking at the flight information such as departure airport, arrival airport, and flight date. If the administrator selects “display the flight” as an option, the Display Flight class will be initialized and the flight information will be displayed according to the flight ID. If the administrator selects “update the flight” as an option, the Update Flight class will be initialized and the administrator can update the flight information such as ID, code, departure airport, arrival airport, duration, price, time, flight date, and aircraft type. Furthermore, if “the passenger” is selected as an option, the administrator will have four options which are “add a passenger”, “delete a passenger”, “display the passenger”, and “update the passenger”. After, if the administrator selects “add a passenger” as an option, the Add Passenger class will be initialized and the administrator can add a passenger to a flight in the airline company database by inserting the passenger information and the flight information such as ID, name, surname, gender, birth date, country, passport number, email, phone number, address, departure airport, arrival airport, and flight date. If the administrator selects “delete a passenger” as an option, the Delete Passenger class will be initialized and the administrator can delete a passenger from the airline company database by entering the passenger passport number. If the administrator selects “display the passenger” as an option, the Display Passenger class will be initialized and the passenger information will be displayed according to the passenger passport number. If the administrator selects “update the passenger” as an option, the Update Passenger class will be initialized and the administrator can update the passenger information such as name, surname, gender, birth date, country, passport number, email, phone number, address, departure airport, arrival airport, and flight date. On the other hand, when the user button is pressed, the User Page class is initialized. Next, the User Page class starts to take departure airport, arrival airport, and date from the user. If there are existing flights in the airline company database, the Flight Selection class will be initialized. Next, the user selects a flight from the list. Later on, the Booking class will be initialized and the user enters the personal information such as name, surname, gender, birth date, country, passport number, email, phone number, and address to the system. After the user selects a payment type and the Payment class is initialized. Next, the user buys or reserves a plane ticket and the Final Page class is initialized. Then, the ticket information is sent to the user via email. Afterward, the User Page class starts to take a passport number from the user. If the passport number is valid, then the user can select a meal in the User Page class, can select a seat in the plane in the Seat Capacity class, can cancel the ticket reservation in the User Page class, or can display the ticket information in the User Page class. Otherwise, the user cannot enter into the system. Besides, if the user wants to select a seat in the plane, the Seat Capacity class will be initialized according to the aircraft capacity 120 people, 130 people, 150 people, 160 people, 180 people, 200 people, 250 people, 300 people, 350 people, and 400 people.

4.6 Deployment Diagram

The Air-Ticket Booking Service application is used by the user who is the airline company passenger and the administrator who is the airline company employee. Initially, the user and the administrator connect to the system by running the application in their devices. Then, the connection between the airline company database in the platform MAMP and the software in the platform Eclipse is constructed in the localhost port number 8889 using Java Database Connectivity. In this way, the user and the administrator can use the application (Figure 4.9).

Figure 4.9: The Air-Ticket Booking Service System Deployment Diagram.

5. TESTS AND RESULTS

The Air-Ticket Booking Service application was tested manually using various testing types such as White Box Text, User Test, ANOVA Test, and T-Test in order to produce qualified software.

5.1 White Box Test

The program database and structure that contains statements, branches, and paths were tested using test cases which were derived from the program code (Figure 5.1). The aim of the test was to validate that the system performs as designed. According to test results fail and pass, errors and bugs in the system were fixed and the program was improved.

Figure 5.1: White Box Testing.

5.2 User Test

The application was tested by users. The purpose of the test was to measure the success rate of Air-Ticket Booking Service considering user expectations. A questionnaire which contains five questions was prepared in order to test system quality.

· Were features of the Air-Ticket Booking Service enough for users?

· How was the design of the Air-Ticket Booking Service for users?

· Were you satisfied with the Air-Ticket Booking Service as an application?

· Was it easy to understand and use the Air-Ticket Booking Service?

· How was the performance of the Air-Ticket Booking Service in terms of speed?

Twenty users gave answers to questions and then, questions were evaluated using a scale which has meanings according to points (Table 5.1).

Table 5.1: Scale 1-5..

Point	1	2	3	4	5
Meaning	Very Bad	Bad	Average	Good	Very Good

User Test results were calculated using the success rate formula (Eq. I). Points which were given by users were added and total points were divided into the total number of users. Then, the result was multiplied by twenty because of the maximum scale limit which is five. According to results (Figure 5.2), users remarked that the Air-Ticket Booking Service features were enough for users (84 %), the design of the Air-Ticket Booking Service was good for users (80 %), the Air-Ticket Booking Service as an application was satisfied users (84 %), it was easy to understand and use the Air-Ticket Booking Service (100 %), and the performance of the Air-Ticket Booking Service in terms of speed was perfect (100 %) (Figure 5.3).

Figure 5.2: User Test results according to every person.



Figure 5.3: User Test results.

Furthermore, users told that there were a limited number of language settings, the system design was simple, the letter size was small, and it could be improved with adding maps, pictures, and many more, it was easy to understand and use the system, the system performance was fast, and the system was good for users as an application.

5.3 ANOVA Test

The ANOVA Test was done. The aim of the test was to analyze the difference between groups. At first, users were divided into two groups which were female and male. There were ten people in every single group. After, Air-Ticket Booking Service success rates that were given by female and male groups were determined (Figure 5.4) and the p-value was calculated (Table 5.2). According to Anova Test results, the female group gave points higher than the male group for the Air-Ticket Booking Service (Figure 5.5).



Figure 5.4: Anova Test results for female and male groups.

Figure 5.5: Graphical Anova Test results for female and male groups.

Table 5.2: Anova Test results.

Source	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F statistic	p-value
Treatments	1	0.2000	0.2000	1.2000	0.6482
Error	18	3.0000	0.1670
Total	19	3.2000

5.4 T-Test

The T-Test was done. The goal of the test was to measure the statistical difference between the female group and the male group. At first, the mean values of the female group and the male group were calculated using the mean value formula (Eq. II). Total points that were taken from a group were divided into the total number of people in the group. The mean value of the female group was determined at 4.300 and the mean value of the male group was determined at 4.100.

Then, the standard deviation values of the female group and the male group were calculated using the standard deviation formula (Eq. III). The standard deviation value of the female group was determined at 0.483 and the standard deviation value of the male group was determined at 0.316.

Next, the t value was determined at 1.096 using the t value formula (Eq. IV).

After the p-value was calculated 0.288 and the standard error was calculated 0.183 (Table 5.3).

Table 5.3: T-Test results.

	Female	Male
mean	4.300	4.100
variance	0.233	0.100
standard deviation	0.483	0.316
n	10	10
t	1.096
p-value	0.288
standard error	0.183
degrees of freedom	18
critical value	2.101

As a result, the difference between groups female and male is not statistically significant because the p-value is greater than 0.05.

CONCLUSION

The Air-Ticket Booking Service application was developed in order to help people working at the airline company or being passengers for the airline company. This is because applications make human daily life easier and it is possible to achieve objectives faster using them. To illustrate, airline companies use booking service applications to reach a great number of people in the world and to have an advantage in the market. Passengers use booking service applications because sometimes it is difficult to go to the airline company offices to buy a plane ticket for them due to jobs. Also, sometimes airline companies provide special discounts to their customers who use the application. Thus, customers can save time and money with applications. Moreover, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application addresses two types of users which are airline company employees and airline company passengers. The airline company worker logs in to the system using her or his username and password. After the employee can add a flight or a passenger to the database, can delete a flight or a passenger from the database, can display employee, flight, or passenger information, and can update employee, flight, or passenger information. Then, the airline company worker logs out of the system. On the other hand, the airline company passenger searches for a domestic or international flight with a specific date. After, the flight will be checked whether it is available or not in the airline company database. If there are existing flights on that date, they will be displayed. Otherwise, the system will send a message that the flight does not exist. Next, the passenger selects a flight from available flights and then, enters her or his own passenger information to the system. Later, the passenger reserves or buys a plane ticket. After, the passenger information will be stored in the airline company database using the Hybrid Cryptography technique which is a combination of hash function SHA-256 and asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA. Next, the passenger ticket information will be sent to the customer via email using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Afterward, the passenger logs in to the system using her or his passport number. Next, the passenger can select a meal, can select a seat in the plane, can display the flight information, can cancel the reservation. Then, the airline company passenger logs out of the system. Furthermore, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application is unique in terms of its quality attributes such as Accuracy, Efficiency, Flexibility, Modifiability, Performance, Portability, Reliability, Robustness, Security, and Usability (Table 6.1). For instances, according to test results, the correctness rate of the system was high, results were efficient, reliable, and robust thanks to no bug and error in the application. Besides, the object-oriented language Java was used for the application development and the Entity-Relationship Database Model was used to provide effective data flow in the project. Therefore, the application can adapt easily when internal and external changes occur in the system, the software can be modified easily to correct faults and improve the system performance, and it is easy to transfer software between different places of the environment. Also, White Box Testing technique which enables continuous integration was used to test the software. Moreover, the system performance was high. This is because the application speed was fast in terms of goal achievement of users and the CPU usage of the system was low. Furthermore, the Hybrid Cryptography technique a combination of asymmetric cryptography algorithm RSA and hash function SHA-256 was used in the project to supply high-level security for system users. Also, the application was designed simple. So, is easy to understand and use the application for people. Besides, the Air-Ticket Booking Service application manages the airline company database workload and provides detailed booking.

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