Characteristics of professional and technical educational establishments of civil protection of Ukraine

Reforming of Operative Rescue Service of Civil Protection of Ukraine, increasing the volume of professional tasks, equipping the emergency firefighting and rescue units with new equipment, introducing new technologies of emergency rescue, firefighting, rescue and other urgent works led to the need for improving the level of preparedness of skilled workers of structural units of Operative Rescue Service of Civil Protection of Ukraine - specialists who are directly involved in the saving people, extinguishing fires and eliminating the effects of emergencies.

The experience of developed countries shows that one of the main components of rapid economic development is the quality of training of workers in the occupational professions, because labor potential is one of the strategic resources of any state. Along with improving the state system of response to emergencies, improving the quality of training of skilled staff for Operative Rescue Service of Civil Protection is also an important component.

Analysis of previous studies. Pedagogical aspects of the problem of professional training of specialists are revealed in the works of N. Abashkina, R. Hurevych, I. Ziaziun, V. Kremen, A. Kuzminskyi, A. Lihotskyi, L. Lukianova, N.Nychkalo, L. Romanyshyna, M. Sysoieva, S. Smetanskyi, V. Yahupov etc.

The process of professional preparation for performing professional actions in conditions of influence of factors of extreme situations was investigated by O. Aleksandrov, V. Ashmarin, A. Bolshakova, L. Hontarenko, O.Didenko, M. Diachenko, I. Zhdanov, L. Kandybovych, M. Koziar, O. Kokun, M. Korolchuk, D. Liebiediev, V. Lefterov, S.Myronets, O. Okhremenko, V. Plisko, S. Poltorak, V. Sadkovyi, O. Sklen, O. Sobchenko, S. Yavorskyi and others.

An important contribution to improving the process of professional training of staff of Operational Rescue Service was done by such scientists as V. Arkhypenko, O. Bykova, V. But, V. Buzko, V. Varenyk, N. Vovchasta, V. Hora, L. Didukh, A. Demchenko, O. Diachkova, O. Ivashchenko, L. Ishychkina, M. Koval, I. Koval, M. Koziar, M. Kryshtal, M.Kusii, L. Mokhnar, Yu. Nenko, O. Parubok, K Pasynchuk, O. Povstyn, V. Rotar, V. Solntsev, M. Severin, T. Tkachenko, O. Uzun, M. Shkarabura etc.

The issues of vocational training of skilled workers in vocational schools were investigated by M. Ahapon, B. Adabashev, V. Boichuk, H. Vasianovych, O. Havryliuk, I. Hrytseniuk, R. Hurevych, Y. Hushulei, D. Zakatnov, M. Kademiia, A. Lytvyn, M. Lobur, V. Lozovetska, L. Lukianova, O. Marushchak, V. Melnychenko, N. Nychkalo, V. Radkevych, O. Romanyshyna, P. Sikorskyi, M. Soroka, L. Starovoit, V. Fedorchenko, N. Shaposhnikova and others.

The purpose of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of the implementation of training of personnel for the units of the Operative and rescue service in vocational-technical educational institutions in the field of civil protection.

Presenting main material. Professional training of the personnel of the units of the Operative Rescue Service of Civil Protection is an organized and purposeful process of mastering the knowledge, skills necessary for the fulfillment of professional and service tasks [5].

Professional training of the personnel of the units of the Operative and Rescue Service of Civil Protection includes primary professional training, training of specialists with higher education, training of scientific and scientific- pedagogical personnel of higher qualification [5].

Primary vocational training is the acquisition of vocational (vocational-technical) education by persons who have not previously had a working profession, or a specialty of another educational and qualification level, which provides the appropriate level of professional qualification necessary for productive professional activity [2].

Vocational education is a component of professional education. Vocational training involves the formation and development of the professional competencies of a person necessary for professional activity in a particular profession in the relevant field, ensuring its competitiveness in the labor market and mobility, its career prospects during life [2].

Vocational education is obtained in the institutions of vocational (vocational-technical) education [2].

Vocational and technical educational establishment is an educational institution that provides the realization of the needs of citizens in vocational education, possession of working professions, specialties, qualification according to their interests, abilities, health status [9].

Training, retraining and advanced training of civil servants in the field of civil protection is carried out in vocational training institutions of civil protection.

Vocational schools of civil protection include: training centers, and the Higher Vocational School of Lviv State University of Life Safety (Vinnytsia).

Training centers are created as a structural unit of Emergency and Rescue Squad of Special Purpose of the Main Department of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine) у Vinnytsma, Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattia, Zaporizhzhia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Odessa, Poltava, Rivne, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, Chernivetsi, Chernihiv regions and as a structural unit of the Detachment of Technical Service of the Main Department of SES of Ukraine in Lviv region, the Detachment of Technical Service of the Department of SES of Ukraine in Sumy region [7].

Training center belongs to the educational establishments of the first attestation level and provides the first degree of vocational and technical education for formation of the corresponding level of qualifications of professions.

A training center carries out in accordance with the requirements of the legislation vocational training, retraining and advanced training of staff for the needs of civil protection bodies and units, as well as persons of other enterprises, institutions and organizations on a contractual basis, conducts teaching officials and fire safety staff at enterprises, institutions and organizations on a contractual basis in the procedure established by law, performs other activities in accordance with applicable law.

Educational centers carry out vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the working professions: 5161 «Fire-Rescuer», 5169 «Rescuer», 8333 «Machinist of pumping installations of fire-rescue vehicle», 4223 «Radiotelephoner».

Training center of a rescue special unit of Emergency and Rescue Squad of Special Purpose of the Main Department of SES of Ukraine in Mykolaiv region and Training center of SES in Ukraine in Cherkasy provide vocational training for the working profession 7216 «Diver».

As a part of the 2nd Special Emergency Response Center of SES of Ukraine (Drohobych, Lviv region), which is an emergency rescue unit of the central subordination with the status of the state emergency rescue service, a training center was created that provides vocational training for the working profession 5169 «Mountain Rescuer».

Training Centers which provide professional training for skilled workers for the Civil Protection Operational Rescue Service:

1. Training center of the Main Department of State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Kyiv. The activity of the Center is related to the provision of vocational education of the first qualification level and providing with the first degree of vocational education in the formation of the appropriate level of qualification of professions "skilled worker". In addition, the training center conducts training on a contractual basis with specialists of ministries, other central executive bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations on fire safety rules.

The training center provides vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the working professions: 5161 «Fire-rescuer», 5169 «Rescuer», 8333 «Machinist of pumping installations of fire-rescue vehicle», 4223 «Radiotelephonist» 5169 «Commander of the Department of the Civil Protection Emergency Rescue Service», 8333 «Machinist of a mobile firefighting extending ladder».

2. Training Center of the Operational Rescue Service of Civil Protection of SES of Ukraine. The training center performs the tasks of carrying out educational activities for the training of skilled workers for the needs of SES of Ukraine, a complex of measures for the prevention, response and elimination of emergencies and their separate consequences, emergency rescue, search and other urgent works in the area of responsibility.

3. The training center is designed to carry out measures to protect the population and territories in case of emergencies of anthropogenic, natural and military nature, preventing and responding to their occurrence; participation in territorial defense and anti-terrorist activities, as well as participation in international rescue and other humanitarian operations, etc.

The training center is a state vocational and technical educational institution, a professional special emergency rescue, search, formation within SES of Ukraine in the field of prevention and response to emergencies of technogenic and natural character of the state, regional and local levels according to the list of the State Emergency Classifier referred to in the certificate for attestation of the center as a state emergency rescue service.

The training center of the Operational Rescue Service of Civil Protection of SES of Ukraine provides vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the working professions: 5161 «Fire-rescuer», 5169 «Rescuer», 8333 «Machinist of pumping installations of fire-rescue vehicles» 4223 «Radiotelephonist», 5169 «Commander of the Unit of Operational Rescue Service of Civil Protection», 8333 «Machinist of a mobile firefighting extending ladder», 5169 «Sapper»; 7243 «Dosimetrists»; 8154 «Deactivator»; 9142 «Disinfectant»; 8340 «Sailor Rescuer»; 7111 «Trained rescuer»; 8332 «Road Machines Driver»; 8111 «Excavator Machinist»; 8332 «Machinist of the automobile crane»; 8332 «Machinist of a self-propelled earthmoving machine»; 8161 «Machinist of a mobile power plant»; 7129 «Steeplejack»; 8163 «Compressor Operator»; 8155 «Operator of petrol stations»; 7215 «Slinger».

4. Interregional Emergency Response Center of Emergency and Rescue Service of Civil Protection of SES of Ukraine (Romny, Sumy Region) is an emergency rescue unit of the central subordination with the status of the state emergency rescue service that is a part of the Emergency Rescue Service of Civil Protection of SES of Ukraine. It provides vocational training, retraining and advanced training for the working profession 5169 «Rescuer-cynologist».

5. Higher Vocational School of Lviv State University of Life Safety (Vinnytsia) is a state vocational and technical institution of the third attestation level, which carries out training, retraining, advanced training of workers of high level of qualification in technologically complex professions, junior specialists in the field of civil protection, other types of training under licenses obtained.

Graduates of the school, according to their educational and qualification level, are assigned the qualification «skilled worker» in the acquired profession of the appropriate category (class).

The Higher Vocational School provides primary vocational training in the occupational professions 5161 «Fire-rescuer», 4223 «Radiotelephonist», 7243 «Dosimetrist»; 5169 «Commander of the Unit of Emergency and Rescue Service of Civil Protection", 4223 «Radiotelephonist», 8333 «Operator of pumping installations of fire-rescue vehicle», 9322 «Respirator and gas mask repairer».

State Paramilitary Mining and Rescue Squad of SES of Ukraine is a state specialized paramilitary rescue service established on a professional basis in the field of preventing and responding to emergencies of the technogenic and natural character of the state, regional and local levels.

The activity of State Paramilitary Mining and Rescue Squad of SES of Ukraine is to eliminate accidents and rescue people at mining and other potentially dangerous enterprises located in the largest industrial regions of Ukraine - Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad and Zaporizhia regions.

State Paramilitary Mining and Rescue Squad (training platoon) provides vocational training, retraining and advanced training for such professions: 8163 «Filler of cylinders», 7111 «Trained rescuer», 7129 «Steeplejack», 7233 «Locksmith-repairman», 7111 «Miner of repairing mining workings», 8163 «Charger of fire extinguishers», 7244 «Electrician of security-fire alarm system», 5169 «Rescuer», 8290 «Gas rescuer», 7215 «Slinger», 7111 «Sample collector in the mine».

Conclusions. Taking into account the analysis of documentary and literary sources, we have found a contradiction between the increased level of requirements for the rescuers' preparedness in modern conditions and the traditional system of their professional training, which does not take into account changes in the extension and complication of professional tasks; growing needs of the structural units of the Civil Protection Emergency Rescue Service in skilled workers with a high level of training. The elimination of these contradictions is possible in case of conceptual justification and development of a training system for the units of Civil Protection Emergency Rescue Service for effective activity in the new difficult conditions of emergency situations. Vocational training of a graduate of a vocational training institution in the field of civil protection should be determined by components that meet modern requirements for a skilled worker.