Nature-resource potential of natural regions of Ukraine in present-day figures

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Oles Honchar Dnipro National University

Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University

NATURE-RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF NATURAL REGIONS OF UKRAINE IN PRESENT-DAY FIGURES

Rudenko S., Rudenko V.

Dnipro, Chernivtsi

Annotation

The value of the aggregative nature-resource potential (NRP) of Ukrainian natural regions was as of 01.01.2022 estimated to amount to 1395,543 milliard hryvnyas. Estimation of aggregative NRP previously performed in 2013 in 2004-2008 prices was now figured through indexation of monetary evaluation of mineral, water, land, forest, fauna and natural recreation resources within natural regions of Ukraine. NRP estimation was performed for each of 278 primary natural physic-geographical rayons of Ukraine, 57 oblasts, 14 krays (provincial ecosystems, according to M. Holubets), 3 sub-zones, 4 zones (biomes) and 3 natural countries (two of which representing mountain country ecosystems). It is asserted that the NRP of the East-European Plain has covers over 9/10 of the total cost value of the potential nature resources of Ukraine, while the Crimean Mountains account for less than 2%, and the Ukrainian Carpathians - for 6,4%. The leadership among “provincial ecosystems” (krays) was taken by the Donetsk Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (14,3% out of the whole NRP of Ukraine), followed by the Podilsko-Prydniprovskyy Kray (in the Forest-Steppe Biome) (11,6%), LeftBank-Dnieper-Pryazovskyy Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (10,5%), Dniester-Dnieper Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (9,4%), and the Polissia Kray (in the Mixed Forest Biome) (9,3%), West-Ukrainian Kray (in the Deciduous Forests Biome) (8,2%), Left-Bank-Dnieper Kray (in the Forest-Steppe Biome) (7,8%), mountain country ecosystem Ukrainian Carpathians (6,4%). The aforesaid five provincial ecosystems accumulate over 77% of the potential of nature resources of Ukraine. The least NRP values were observed in the Crimean Mountain Country Ecosystem (1,9%), the Prychornomorsko-Pryazovskyy Provincial Ecosystem (2,8%), the East-Ukrainian Provincial Ecosystem (3,2%), Crimean Steppe (3,9%) the Prychornomorskyy (5,0%) and the Zadonetsko-Donskyy (5,7%) provincial ecosystems. Key words: nature-resource potential, indexation, natural regions of Ukraine.

Анотація

Природно-ресурсний потенціал природних регіонів України у сучасному вимірі. Руденко С.В., Руденко В.П.

Вартісна оцінка сумарного природно-ресурсного потенціалу (ПРП) природних регіонів України станом на 01.01.2022 р. становить 1395, 543 млрд. грн. Величина сучасного потенціалу природних ресурсів регіонів визначена шляхом індексації у цінах 2015-2021 років еколого-економічної оцінки ПРП України, проведеної авторами у 2013 р. ПРП регіонів охоплює мінеральні, водні, земельні, лісові, фауністичні та природні рекреаційні ресурси. Оцінка ПРП доведена до рівня первинних 278 природних районів України та відображена у її 57 природних областях, 14 краях (провінційних екосистемах, за М. Голубцем), 3 підзонах, 4 зонах (біомах), 3 природних країнах (з них дві - гірськокраїнні екосистеми). Стверджується, що ПРП СхідноЄвропейської рівнини складає 9/10 сумарної вартісної оцінки потенціалу природних ресурсів України, Кримські гори - менше 2%, Карпати - 6,4%. На рівні країв («провінційних екосистем») за величиною ПРП першими є: Донецький край (у Огеповому біомі) (14,3% від загальноукраїнського ПРП), Подільсько-Придніпровський край (у Лісостеповому біомі) (11,6%), Лівобережно-Дніпровсько-Приазовський край (у Степовому біомі) (10,5%), Дністровсько-Дніпровський край (у Степовому біомі) (9,4%), а також Поліський край (у біомі мішаних лісів) (9,3%), Західно-Український край (у біомі широколистяних лісів) (8,2%), Лівобережно-Дніпровський край (у Лісостеповому біомі) (7,8%) та гірськокраїнна екосистема Українські Карпати (6,4%). Названі провінційні екосистеми утримують понад 77% усього потенціалу природних ресурсів України. Найменший ПРП мають Кримська гірськокраїнна екосистема (1,9%). Причорноморсько-Приазовська (2,8%), Східно-Українська (3,2%), Кримська степова (3,9%), Причорноморська (5,0%) та Задонецько-Донська (5,7%) провінційні екосистеми. Ключові слова: природно-ресурсний потенціал, індексація оцінки, природні регіони України.

Problem statement and topicality

In presentday conditions of social-economic and environmental development of Ukraine and the world on the whole, when years of Russian aggression against Ukrainian state and its people pose a challenge to survival of Ukrainian nation, when Ukrainians fight for their Liberty, Independence, Victory and Peace, the assessment of nature-resource potential (NRP) of Ukrainian regions, perhaps like never before, becomes even the most essential issue. What is the nature-resource strength of this state? What is the contribution of the country's krays and rayons in provision of defensive capacity of Ukraine? Are all of nature-resource reserves already employed and where the same are not yet operationalized to their full? These and many other questions can find response in the form of the up-to-date monetary ecological-economic evaluation of the NRP of Ukrainian territories (water areas) that includes mineral, water, land, forest, fauna and natural recreation resources.

Analysis of latest studies and publications

nature resource potential region

Problems of assessment of NRP of the territory (water area), in particular, tourism/recreation potential, have in the last years been given attention in quite a number of scientific works. Among those most closely related to this research, there were studies by M. Malska, N. Pankiv [1], C.E. Chasovschi [2], G.-L. Cioban [3], H. Haubrich [4], A.-M. Nedelea [5], O. Beidyk and N. Novosad [6], S. Yaromenko [7]. Thus, performing monetary evaluation of tourism potential, M. Malska and N. Pankiv paid attention to high-priority estimation of tourism resources as its major component. We can not but agree with the authors insisting that “the cadastre should be the foundation of economic assessment of natural recreation resources....cadastre system of assessment stays to be a basis in the management of the major portion of nature resources, namely, land, water, forest, mineral resources” [1, p. 88]. The establishment of the value of the aggregative nature-resource potential of Ukrainian natural regions in the present-day cost dimension, commensurable with the other important elements of national wealth represents the major aim of this study.

Study methods

Undoubtedly, it is the NRP cadastrebased assessments that allow for monetary evaluation of the overall nature-resource wealth of the state and its regions as a whole. In present-day conditions, when the large-scale ecological-economic assessment of Ukrainian NRP is impossible, it seems worth accentuating upon the existing methods of its indexation. The State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre performs the indexation of normative monetary evaluation of lands on a yearly basis by way of the cumulative method. Thus, the coefficient of indexation of normative monetary evaluation for agricultural lands (plough lands, perennial plantings, hayfields, pastures and grasslands) in 1996 and until 2021 was 4,796, while it amounted to 6,679 for lands of settlements and other lands of non-agricultural designation within the same period [8].

The use of exchange rates of leading currencies, in particular, the UAH/USD exchange rates established by the National Bank of Ukraine [9] is, to our opinion, another close and even more appropriate approach to indexation of total NRP of Ukrainian regions. It should be at the same time noted that we speak about the UAH/ USD rate averaged within the five-seven years' period. The appropriateness of this approach was substantiated by many researchers, in particular, by I. Yukhnovsky and G. Loboda [10].

Thus, if the UAH/USD exchange rate stayed in 1996 preserved within the interval of 1.76-1.823 hryvnyas per dollar, it grew to 5.00 in 2004-2008; 6.27 in 2006-2010; 15.55 in 2011-2017; and, finally, 25.866 in 2015-2021 (Archive of currency exchange rates, 2023). Hence we observe that the hryvnya's capacity against the US dollar reduced 15,28 times within 1996-2021, and 5,1732 times within 2015-2021 in comparison to 2004-2008 (see Fig. 1).

The comparison of the periods of 2004-2008 and 2015-2021 was not a random choice. The matter is that, guided by the new scheme of physic-geographical zoning, we had in 2013 performed the absolute ecologicaleconomic evaluation of natural regions of Ukraine in the aspect of its 278 natural rayons, 57 oblasts, 14 krays, 3 subzones, 4 zones, and 3 countries [11].

The choice of physic-geographical (natural) rayon as the primary/the lowest non-zonal object of NRP ecological-economic evaluation was substantiated by the integrity and genetic interrelationship of landscape localities, as well as by the intensity and orientation of modern nature-resource processes. The present-day assessment of Ukrainian NRP is as well important due to new administrative and territorial structure of the state introduced in December 2020, the one that required essential territorial reconsideration and reinterpretation of the available database of cadastre evaluations of nature resources. Thus, the coefficient of indexation of ecological-economic value of NRP of Ukrainian natural regions in 2004-2008 prices in reference to its presentday estimation in 2015-2021 prices has made 5.1732.

Fig. 1 UAH/USD exchange rate withing 1996-2021 (Archive of currency exchange rates, 2023)

Results and Discussion

Table 1 represents the results of indexation of ecological-economic value of natureresource potentials of natural countries, natural zones, sub-zones and oblasts of Ukraine as of 01.01.2022. As follows from the data, the present-day NRP of Ukraine is counted to amount to 1395, 543 milliard hryvnyas. Here we speak of the NRP value in average annual figures. The East European Plain possesses the potential of nature resources that covers over 9/10 of the whole NRP of Ukraine; the Crimean Mountains (Crimean Mountain Country Ecosystem, according to M. Holubets) account for nearly 2%; and the Ukrainian Carpathians (Carpathian Mountain Country Ecosystem [12]) - for 6,4% of the same.

NRP distribution by Ukrainian natural zones (biomes) is as follows: Mixed Forests Zone is attributable to 9,3%; Deciduous Forests Zone - 8,2%; Forest-Steppe Zone - 22.6%; and Steppe Zone - to 51,6%.

It seems essentially important from scientific point of view to trace the distribution of the value of the aggregative NRP by natural krays, or, according to M. Holubets, provincial ecosystems [12, p. 83].

As follows from Table 1, the leadership among “provincial ecosystems” krays was taken by the Donetsk Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (14,3% out of the whole NRP of Ukraine), followed by the PodilskoPrydniprovskyy Kray (in the Forest-Steppe Biome) (11,6%), Left-Bank-Dnieper-Pryazovskyy Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (10,5%), Dniester-Dnieper Kray (in the Steppe Biome) (9,4%), and the Polissia Kray (in the Mixed Forest Biome) (9,3%). The aforesaid five provincial ecosystems accumulate over 55% of the potential of nature resources of Ukraine. The least NRP values were observed in the Crimean Mountain Country Ecosystem (1,9%), the Prychornomorsko-Pryazovskyy Provincial Ecosystem (2,8%), and the East-Ukrainian Provincial Ecosystem (3,2%).

Among natural oblasts, the biggest NRP values were manifested by the Donetsk Upland Oblast where 8,8% of the total Ukrainian NRP were accumulated, the South-Prydniprovska Slope-Upland Oblast in the North-Steppe Sub-Zone (7,5%), and the Starobilsk SlopeUpland Oblast in the same sub-zone (5,7%). The least value of the potential was observed in the Marmaros Oblast belonging to the Carpathian Mountain Country Ecosystem (less than 0,1%).

The richness of ecosystems with nature resources and the size of territories of ecosystems themselves undoubtedly determine the volume of their aggregative NRP.

Major conclusions and perspectives of use of the study results. Appropriateness of the use of exchange rates of leading currencies, in particular, the US dollar to Ukrainian hryvnya as established by the National Bank of Ukraine, to indexation of the nature-resource potential of Ukraine was substantiated.

Indexation of previously estimated ecologicaleconomic value of NRP in Ukrainian natural regions as of 01.01.2022 was performed in 2015-2021 prices.

It was established that the NRP of the East European Plain makes over 9/10 of its total value; the Crimean Mountains account for nearly 2%; and the Ukrainian Carpathians - for 6,4% of the national value.

Among provincial ecosystems, the biggest value of the NRP was observed in the Donetsk, PodilskoPrydniprovskyy and Left-Bank-Dnieper-Pryazovskyy krays. The Donetsk Upland Oblast possesses the most powerful NRP among all Ukrainian natural oblasts.

The perspectives of further application of the results of the NRP ecological-economic (cost) estimation lie in ecosystems analysis and synthesis of the potential of nature resources at the level of 278 primary natural rayons of Ukraine.

Table 1

Nature-resource potential of physic-geographical (natural) regions of Ukraine in present-day figures (in prices of 2015-2021)

References

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