The fraction is a main point in the political decision-making process in parliament

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THE FRACTION IS A MAIN POINT IN THE POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PARLIAMENT

Isabaev Makhsad Bakhodirovich

teacher, Namangan State university

Annotation

parliamentary factions political

This article points that the important responsibility of ensuring the quality and vitality of decisions, laws and programs is the fact that the parliamentary fractions of political parties are to be considered as the driving forces in the political decision-making process. There are proposals for improving the system of effective functioning of these fractions, achievement of national decisions and control its execution.

Аннотация

Исабаев Махсад Баходирович

преподаватель, Наманганский Государственный университет

ФРАКЦИЯ ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ ОСНОВНЫМ ПУНКТОМ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРИНЯТИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ В ПАРЛАМЕНТЕ

В статье отмечается, что важной обязанностью обеспечения качества и жизнеспособности решений, законов и программ является то, что парламентские фракции политических партий должны рассматриваться как движущие силы в процессе принятия политических решений. Есть предложения по совершенствованию системы эффективного функционирования этих фракций, достижению национальных решений и контролю за их исполнением.

Key words: political decision, government organisations, economic management institutions, public organizations, political parties, fractions, party groups.

Ключевые слова: политическое решение, государственные организации, институты экономического управления, общественные организации, политические партии, фракции, партийные группы.

Introduction

Political decisions are more visible in public administration. They are generally accepted by the country's leading organisations, leaders and political elites. In the strategic decisions that taken in this process clearly show the extent that which the interests and freedoms of the masses are being realized and changes are taking place in the life of ordinary people. It is important to study the political decisions adopted by the people's representatives in the parliament, the supreme institute of the country, and to highlight the role and place of public-political groups, various non-governmental institutions involved in this process. One of the important issues is the active involvement of political parties and their parliamentary fractions, who are active participants in this political process, and how they operate in the interests of the electorate. It is noteworthy that the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, emphasized “The importance of further strengthening the role and significance of factions of political parties in the work of the Legislative Chamber” [1]. Because parties can influence the lawmaking process through the fractions and make a worthy contribution to public administration [2].

Today, the importance of political parties in the modernization of the country and building a civil society is growing. Indirect participation of citizens in this process is considered important factor. Participative democracy (direct participation) is a productive one, largely developed in countries with high legal and political culture. In this democratic governance, the people not only bring their representatives to power, but also take an active part in the preparation, adoption and implementation of decisions, as well as controlling their implementation ... Most people participate in the governance to increase the intellectual capacity to make decisions, and their likelihood of coordinating. It means that the political system will improve the stability and efficiency of governance"[3].

Today's situation in our country shows that the socio-political activity of citizens has intensified. It does not seem sufficient to take part in the important political decision-making processes affecting the whole country's life. Today, about 35% of respondents applying to state bodies and economic management with their own will and interests. The rest of the citizens, through their representatives, participate in the state and social construction system. Political parties play a crucial role in the realization of the rights and interests of the citizens in the political process during these political processes.

The political party, in order to realize the interests of its electorate, has political power, carries out relations with the state bodies of citizens and society, allocates the representatives of the political system, as well as the state administration and political education of the citizens[4]. This is a representative form of democracy, whereby citizens can monitor and, if necessary, establish a democratic society through their representatives, as well as their political processes.

Political parties are key agents in the formulation of the subject as a management object. Decisions that represent the interests of the people and the society within the frameworks of the parties' program are also taken into account because they are nominated by political parties.

Review. S.N.Tsarevskiy, a researcher, argues that the three main components of the party must be distinguished from the understanding of the relationship between the state and the political party: 1) electoral corps of the party; 2) Party organization; 3) the part of the party, which participates in the implementation of the state management function - "party in office"(members of parliament, counselors and others).

The final component is described as part of the state mechanism of the political party and the "influencing agent" of civil society in the state [5]. This third chapter plays an important role in the decision-making process in public administration. The decisions are taken by the party organization, and the electoral corps will carry out its implementation on a public basis. Members of Parliament also do such kind of assignment.

A political party will be able to make decisions that affect the socio-economic, political, and other spheres of society through representatives of parliament. In the process of adopting a specific law, decision, or other normative-legal act, the interests of different party fractions are in conflict. "I think we all know one thing: if we do not intensify the activities of the fractions of the political parties in the Legislative Chamber, the lawmaking and enforcement of the law will not produce the desired result"[6]. This, of course, will take into account the interests of as many members of society as possible in the adopted normative-legal act and will contribute to its quality. The first President

I. Karimov said: "The stronger the competition between various political factions in the Legislative Chamber, the stronger the guarantees of the successful implementation of the ideals of each party representing the interests of certain political forces and social groups of our society [7].

Representatives of political parties can join fractions in parliament on political, professional and other grounds. At present, the country has established a solid normative framework that guarantees the activities of factions of political parties. In our legislation, MPs from political parties are defined as a faction that is formed in order to represent the interests of the party in the Legislative Chamber and registered in accordance with the established procedure [8]. Parliamentary factions have many functions. According to researcher L.Grigoryeva, the main activities of the fractions include: forming and participating in parliamentary governing bodies; to participate in the work of parliamentary committees and commissions; participation in lawmaking process; Implementation of parliamentary oversight of the activities of state bodies. The analysis shows that the faction is a "driving force" in the parliament of the country, and they are engaged in making the most important political decisions [9].

This can be seen in the way of consultation with political parties' factions on the candidate for the post of Prime Minister who is one of the most important political processes in the life of our country, as well as the introduction of a strictly established procedure and mechanism of parliamentary approval. Under the Constitutional law, if the Prime Minister nominates a majority of the total number of members of the parliament at the time of voting, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan has the right to nominate another candidate for the post of Prime Minister after consultations with all factions of political parties in the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis. A new Prime Minister candidate is invited by the President for review and approval by the Parliament at the Legislative Chamber after consultations with all factions of political parties. The issue of approval of the candidacy of the Prime Minister after consideration of reports of the Cabinet of Ministers on the prolonged and long-term action program, and reports of the representatives of the fractions on their views. It is also stipulated that the fraction of political parties in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis will relieve the Prime Minister of the post from the post of the President for the consideration of the President [10]. Thus, if such initiative, which has the necessary bases, is supported by leading fractions of political parties in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, and when the initiative is adopted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the parliamentary debate, the President decides to dismiss the Prime Minister from his post, if he / she receives more than two thirds of the total number of the members of parliament will do[11]. Kuboyama Rikiya, a Japanese scientist and professor of Nagoya University, said: "I want to emphasize the fruitful work of MPs and fractions of political parties to protect the interests of their constituents by studying the experience of Uzbekistan in parliamentary oversight. In particular, strengthening parliamentary oversight over the nomination and approval of the post of Prime Min-

ister in Uzbekistan, as well as strengthening the accountability of the regional governors to the relevant authorities, strengthened the role of political parties in defining specific priorities of socio-political and economic development of the country"[12].

The law "On introducing amendments and addenda to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan" on the Regulations of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan has further enhanced the legal mechanisms of inter-party, in particular, fractions. The draft law now has no right to make a conclusion on the draft law without the comments and suggestions of the draft law. The views and suggestions of political party factions on the draft law are taken into account, as well as in the course of consideration of the draft laws at the sessions of the Legislative Chamber, the speaker submits the opinions and suggestions of the faction to the deputies in all the studies. Establishment of these norms will promote the strengthening of the competitive environment among the factions in the process of lawmaking [13]. In the process of political decision-making, the interests of different party factions collide. This, of course, helps to take into account the interests of as many members of society as possible and to ensure its quality in the political decisions that are made.

Of course, all political parties are taking part in making important strategic decisions of nation-wide importance. However, the activity of each party is particularly evident in the activities of the party's electorate and decision-making on meeting regional needs. For this purpose, we have to consider this situation, for example, in the case of concrete actions of factions of political parties.

Object. Over the past period, 88 draft laws were debated in the first and the subsequent studies at the sessions of the DP "Milliy Tiklanish". Members of the faction on these draft laws have developed and submitted to the responsible committees more than 400 proposals on the basis of the Party's program goals. 321 of them are reflected in the laws. 45 meetings of the faction were held, which considered 110 issues. At the meeting were discussed 32 issues pertinent to priorities of the party and its faction, based on the decree, decision and report of the President, 12 issues related to the faction function, 6 decisions on the results of the study of real situation in the regions and 46 other issues. Also, the reports of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On execution of the budgets of the State Budget and State Targeted Funds of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the first and fourth quarters of 2016 and half of 2017" were heard within the framework of the control and analytical activities of the fraction [14].

During the reporting period, the members of the PDPU fraction held extended meetings of the faction in total 56 times, of which 23 were considered in the first and subsequent studies of about 100 bills, submitted to the sessions of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis. Members of the fraction on these draft laws have developed and submitted to the responsible committees more than 350 proposals on the basis of the Par-

ty's program goals. About 200 of them have been reflected in laws [15]. During 2017 the faction received information from two ministries. Such as, Minister of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan Alimov's report on "Psychiatric care and the use of compulsory medical measures" was heard and information on the implementation of the Employment Program of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Employment Program in 2017". 38 members of the faction were sent to the relevant state executive bodies and their execution was controlled.

During the past period, members of the Liberal Democratic Party fraction in the Legislative Chamber sent 104 deputies to the relevant bodies. As a result, 80% of the total number of requests were answered, 60% of the problems were solved positively and the rest were taken under control. Up to now, 72 draft laws have been considered by the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis on making proposals to improve the law enforcement practice of fractions, strengthening the responsibility of the executive bodies, to which 42 written and 200 oral proposals were submitted to responsible committees . At the same time, out of 23 draft laws initiated in the past period, 18 members of the faction of UzLiDeP took the lead in the initiative group [16].

Members of the fraction of the Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan have been the initiator of 14 draft laws. At the initiative of the faction there was organized the hearing of ministers of national education, higher and secondary special education [17].

Today, all party fractions' activities are not fully implemented. There are a number of problems that are being addressed in the solution of these issues and their realization. It is well-known that political parties carry out public oversight over the executive power bodies through parliamentary factions in order to ensure the implementation of political decisions. At the same time, the party factions should establish effective parliamentary and parliamentary oversight of the activities of state ministries and committees. But why the parties are not effectively implementing the parliamentary and parliamentary oversight of these ministries and committees through their representative bodies and party groups [18]. Let's go to some analytical information. How many times have the fractions received the government's initiative to hear the information? Fractions on execution of decrees and resolutions adopted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the implementation of key areas under the strategy of action are trying to implement a systematic control and analytical activity. During the past period of this year, the parliament has drafted 104 bills. 16 of these draft laws were initiated by the faction of UzLiDeP [19]. 27 draft laws were prepared in accordance with the right of legislative initiative with the participation of members of the faction DP "Milliy Tiklanish". Also, the fraction convened 4 times [20] within the framework of the control and analytical activities of the fraction on the implementation of state programs, reports of the ministries and agencies concerned at the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis. However, the fact that hearings of members of the government on matters related to their activities is also considered [21] by the fractions' initiatives is clearly enshrined in our legislation.

The activity of fractions of political parties on the initiative of the law is not at the level of demand. For example, it is unsatisfactory to note that only 29 of the 297 draft laws submitted to the Legislative Chamber in 2005-2009 have been approved by only 44 [22] of the 140 deputies adopted by the parliament over the period from 2010 to 2014 only by the deputies of the Legislative Chamber. Additionally, only 3 of these laws are new legislation, 16 of which are related to the introduction of changes and additions to existing laws, mostly legal and technical [23]. Until 2005, the activity was not satisfactory either. Political parties, in particular, have not developed or submitted final, coherent, draft laws, which their fractions, independent of themselves or above, were important for the country's interests [24]. This can be learned from the following views of the first President I.Karimov: "There is no need to hide, the previous parliamentary faction functioned only in the name of the party. I do not recall that some of them suggested a specific bill, and that it was definitely settled by the session's approval. Tell me, what law was the main author or editor of the law? Did he have a fierce struggle to develop and debate them?"[25]. If Parliament adopts 55 laws in 2015-2017, there is no law adopted by the faction initiatives [26]. Or only 27 [27] of the 136 legislative initiatives announced in 2017 belong to the deputies. Political party organizations, especially their local branches, are not aware enough about the issues that are being considered by the faction and the draft laws. It is difficult to imagine what the level of public awareness is after the political parties are not fully informed. Indeed, in the work of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the political parties, specific proposals and initiatives aimed at achieving the priorities and goals of the party factions are not noticeable [28]. If we do not intensify the activity of factions in the political parties at the moment, the accepted political decisions will not matter, they will remain on the dry paper. This does not give the expected result.

Based on the above, we would like to make some comments and suggestions aimed at further improving the activities of the political party factions and their importance in making important political and public decisions:

1. In recent years, a number of countries (Colombia, Portugal) have significantly expanded the legal status of the political parties' opposition activities. This status is implemented not only by the constitutional or general law on political parties, but also by special laws on the legal status of the opposition (Cape Verde in 1991, the 1992 Constitution of Togo) [29]. Today, in our Parliament, the Institute of Opposition has been formed and is being developed in many ways. In Article 131 of the Law "On political parties", Article 2 of the Constitutional Law "On strengthening the role of political parties in renewal and further democratization of state governance and modernization of the country", article 25 of the Constitutional Law "On the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and Article 9 of the Law "On the Regulations of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan". The above norms serve to further the discussion of bills and other important issues in the factions, further strengthening of constructive discussions and debates in them. In order to do so, it is necessary to revitalize the faction of a political party that declared itself a parliamentary opposition. For this purpose, we propose to draft a new law "On legal guarantees of opposition activity in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan" without specifying these issues separately in our laws. This law provides clear definitions of the majority of parliamentarians, minorities in parliament and opposition in parliament. Defines the goals of opposition activities and general principles of its implementation, features of parliamentary opposition formation. In short, the guarantees of the opposition's activity in the parliament are the legal solutions to the law.

2. According to Article 83 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan enjoy the right of legislative initiative. As it turns out, the factions of political parties have no right to initiate legislative activities. Researcher I.A. According to Kotelovskaya, "in fact, committees and factions form a union of factions or political parties, and the fact that granting them the right to initiate a legislative initiative does not violate the constitutional norms"[30]. Also, "the granting of legislative initiative to the factions of political parties does not contradict the rules governing the constitutional norms and does not affect the lawmaker's right to legislative initiative, but corrects its deficiencies in its implementation"[31]. Supporting the opinion of the researchers, the role of political parties' fractions should be enhanced when the legislative process in the lower house of the parliament is brought to a new level. For this purpose, granting the right to legislative initiative to the fractions of political parties will further enhance their significance.

3. It is expedient that the political parties should regularly provide information (reports) to the factions, party groups on the ground, how they achieve practical results, and what initiatives are being made [32]. However, nowadays, such information is largely in the form of various topics. Indeed, nowadays, the majority of the information on the activities of the party's factions on the Legislative Chamber web site constitutes general approaches. For example, it has been reported that such phrases as "shared thoughts," "emphasized in the active participation," "focused on a broad discussion," "specific goals have been identified," and " Moreover, almost all the party factions do not go beyond the approval and approval of the government's work. On the contrary, it is advisable to further analyze the government's activities on the implementation of the decisions taken by the faction. Speaking about this, it has been suggested that transition from the general idea of "strategic direction of the country's leadership to the reform process" to transition to practical activities, deeply thought-out, including alternative, competitive projects and programs that combine specific goals of any party or movement [33]. Because the first steps in the process

of political decision-making are those fractions, ideas and initiatives that are first found in them. The reason for such factors is that today's electorate is unaware of how the party representatives in parliament are functioning. Even the majority of them do not recognize them. Since more general approaches, and still not completely eradicated, the number of visitors to the web site, as well as the public's access to the faction function, is insufficient. In view of the above, it is necessary to set up a parliamentary system of public relations and establish a modern system of regular public awareness of parliamentary activities. In particular, it should be noted that the parliamentary press service should record the sessions of the Kengash of the Legislative Chamber, meetings of factions, committees and commissions, broadcast directly to the Parliament, display online at the parliamentary website, and create and maintain a video clip of the events. Of course, there are closed sessions. At the lower chamber of the parliament it is necessary to cover the issues discussed by party factions as well as the debate in the separate media section in video format.

4. In Uzbekistan, representatives of political parties are present at the supreme legislative body and local representative bodies. They are organized into higher representative bodies - in the faction, in local representative bodies - as party groups. There are representatives of the party in the upper chamber of parliament. That is, 84 members of the Senate are formed from local representative bodies. Thus, in the Senate, as well as with the general interests of the state, it is necessary to take decisions taking into account the interests of the party. Political party factions were formed not only in the lower house of the parliament, but also in the upper chamber of parliament, in the experience of world parliamentarism [34]. For example, the lower house of the French parliament - the National Assembly - 30, the upper chamber - 15 members, the lower house of the Italian parliament - 20, the upper chamber - 10 deputies. Therefore, it is a mistake to conclude that the fraction is formed only in the lower house of the parliament. Therefore, we propose to form factions of political parties in the Senate, which is the upper chamber of parliament.

Conclusion

In summary, it can be said that the political decisions that are important to the country's life are initially developed and adopted at the parliamentary institute. This task must be carried out by fractions of political parties. It is important for the fact that the fractions fulfill this complicated task in the correct implementation of the goals and objectives of the society and the state.

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