Professional self-determination of a person in the context of modern scientific knowledge

The sphere of growing personality enriches in early adolescence. The inner world of seniors is quite complicated and fragile. In this time the feelings of loneliness become keener, which is according to the opinion of Erich Fromm lasts long and does not disappear with the transition into a new age, can lead to mental disorders to the same extent as physical starvation to death. The experience of loneliness in early adolescence normally is not stable and disappears at establishing good personal relationships with other people.

Educational and professional activity is the main activity of seniors. New social position of senior changes the importance of learning, his goals and objectives. Older students appreciate the learning process in terms of what it provides for their future. In comparison with teens their interest in learning grows quickly. This is due to the fact that there forms new motivational structure of learning, occur changes in the motivational sphere of their activity. Motivation is conditional upon consciously intended purpose and has arbitrary nature. Motivational scope of training includes: motives related to self-determination and preparation for independent living (focus on the future, on the longer term goals and playing a leading role, is quite effective); broad social motives (the desire to become a full member of society, beliefs about the practical relevance of science, belief in the growth capacity to compete in the labor market due to its own competence and scholarship); interest to the content and learning process (there is interest in methods of scientific research, self-search activities in order to solve complex tasks, such as activities of Small academies).

Seniors understand the importance of an education for future employment, to continue their studies in higher institutions, obtaining specialty for life. Such cognitive motivation may cover all the items on the cycle of certain objects or separate subject. Selectivity of cognitive interest of seniors often associated with life plans that promote the formation of educational interests. Characteristic interpenetration of broad social and educational reasons. Motivation features of seniors learning activity manifest in their attitude towards school ratings [7]. Seniors deeply appreciate an erudition and knowledge that go beyond the school curriculum, textbooks. Reasons for learning may be: interest to the general positive success associated with the desire to successfully finish school and extend their knowledge and manifests in the same interest to all disciplines taught at school; a combination of general interest with selective interest in a particular school subject concerning the chosen specialty or which have entrance exams to university.

New intellectual opportunities that emerge in early adolescence, broaden horizons of identity of the young man. The development of self-awareness at this age is so bright and vivid that researchers from different psychological courses have the same position in assessing its importance for personal formation. Self-awareness - is, above all, the mechanism by which a person cognizes herself and treats herself. There are three basic components of identity (for P. Chamata): cognitive - is a system of beliefs and knowledge about the individual self (self-knowledge, self-examination of himself, self-esteem, etc.); emotional and evaluative - emotional evaluation of their ideas and knowledge of the individual himself, emotional attitude for himself (sense of modesty, pride, self-esteem, etc.); behavioral (regulatory) - all these manifestations of mental activity, which is the conscious control of their actions, deeds, his relationship to others and to himself (self-control, self-discipline, self-control, etc.).

Regarding the characteristics of cognitive component, it should be stressed that the assimilation of moral concepts at each age level precede the necessary understanding of the different variations of action and actions, the accumulation of which is carried out in close cooperation with reality or while watching the actual types of behavior. Describing moral concepts as a structural component of moral consciousness, we must emphasize that the sustainability of the formation of moral consciousness largely depends on the sound system of the formation of moral concepts. Moral knowledge is a primary element in the process students mastering moral values, they are a prerequisite for guidance in moral values and in the choice of a particular line of conduct.

In high school age there are established a close relationship between the professional and educational interests [1]. Choosing a profession promotes forming of educational interests, seniors start interesting in those things that they need in connection with the chosen profession. There are created favorable conditions for students familiarization with the psychological characteristics of occupations, i.e. with those requirements that are laid down to attention, thinking, character and other psychological features of a person in a particular profession.

In psychological literature, a professional self-identity taken regarded as one of the sides of its life self-determination. Analysis of the professional seniors selfdetermination is complicated by the fact that the notion of "self-determination" is used in the scientific literature in a fairly wide range of meanings. Terms such as "live selfdetermination", "social self-determination", "professional self-determination" etc., reflect different psychological phenomena and deal concern different aspects of the life of a young man [2].

In the period of transition from adolescence to early maturity in the formation of a new level of consciousness, there occurs a development of a new level of attitude to oneself. One of the key points here is to change the basis for evaluation criteria of oneself, his "I" - it changes "from outside to inside," acquiring qualitatively different form compared to the criteria for evaluating by a person other people. The transition from individual self-assessments to the general, integral (changing bases) creates the conditions for formation of its own attitude, quite independent of attitudes and evaluations of others, individual successes and failures, all kinds of situational influences and so on.

One of the important indicators of self-concept can serve a level dynamic of claims under the influence of success or failure in the performance of tasks of varying difficulty. The level of claims is considered as being generated by two contradictory trends: on the one hand, to maintain oneself "I" and a self-esteem at the highest level and on the other to reduce their claims and to avoid failure and thereby to damage the self-esteem. It's inherent for teens to have an active desire in different ways to implement only the first of these trends, considered B.S. Bratus.

Seniors are on the verge of entering an independent working life [2]. He faces the fundamental problems of social and personal self-determination. Boy and girl should be excited by many serious issues: how to find their place in life, to choose a business in accordance with their capabilities and abilities, what is the sense of life, how to become a real man and many others.

The activity of the individual in choosing future profession was focused by G.S. Kostjuk: "A personality is involved in choosing a career with all its intellectual, moral and other qualities. This is it, realizing social need and capabilities, determine its future life, place in society, is included in some type of professional activity in which creating material or spiritual values, it will create itself "[7].

In the age aspect the problem of self-determination, in our opinion, most deeply and fully was examined by L. Bozovich. Describing a social situation of seniors development, it points that the selection of the future course of life, selfdetermination is an affective center of their life situation. Stressing the importance of self-determination, L. Bozovich doesn't make an unambiguous definition and treats it as a choice of the future path, as the need to find their place in the work, in society, in life, search for purpose and content of its existence, the need to find their place in the general flow life. Perhaps the most succinct definition is the need for selfdetermination as the need to merge into a single system view of the world summarized and generalized picture of oneself and thereby determine the meaning of his own existence. In his later work L. Bozovich describes self-determination as personal high school age tumor, associated with the formation of internal position of adult with knowledge of himself as a member of society, with the need to solve problems of the future [2].

Professional self-determination in the aspect of life perspective was investigated by E. Holovakha. As career choice of a young man connected not with much with his life experience, but as with its vision of the future, the author studied the complete picture of the future in the minds of young people, being in a situation of profession choice. The prospect of the future, which is formed in the minds of senior high school, greatly affects the process of professional identity, characterized by a certain level of mental and social development of the individual. An important indicator of professional perspective and its realistic appears a relationship of life and professional expectations, values and life goals with professional plans, the ability to associate them with the life situation.

Research of interests, abilities of students can be carried out in a variety of ways - from simple monitoring their progress in the development of academic disciplines to usage of different forms and questionnaires. Using techniques to study the professional interests of students can analyze the interests in advance, similar to a certain type of activity. For this purpose, there are used different techniques such as: interpersonal multifactor methodology of Kettle, methods of diagnosis interpersonal relations of T. Leary, methods of diagnostic orientation of the individual by B. Bass, etc. [4].