Psychoemotional synergy register of non-chemical addiction and tobacco smoking in young people

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Psychoemotional synergy register of non-chemical addiction and tobacco smoking in young people

Психоэмоциональный регистр синергии нехимической аддикции и табакокурения у молодежи

Tabachnikov S.

Osukhovskaya O.

Vasylyeva G.

Kharchenko E.

Salden V.

Chepunna A.

Табачников С.И.

Осуховская Е.С.

Васильева А.Ю.

Харченко Е.Н.

Салдень В.И.

Чепурная А.Н.

Abstract

Pathological attraction to gambling, as a variant of non-chemical dependence, and smoking, as one of the types of chemical addiction, is a pressing problem today both in Ukraine and in foreign countries, where the gambling business has been legalized. In the article, there are studied the indicators of the psycho-emotional state of healthy young people and gamers, smokers and nonsmokers using the method of "WAM". Among respondents, who do not smoke tobacco, health and mood were highly appreciated, and the activity was moderate; in individuals with ludomania, the indicators of well-being, activity and mood were within the average of the assessment. In smokers, both healthy and gamers, there were no significant differences in the scales of well-being, activity and mood: the above indicators correspond to a high score, which together with the results of correlation analysis proves the synergy of the emergence and functioning of non-chemical and chemical addiction. On the base of the obtained data, the conclusion about the relevance of psychohygienic and psychocorrectional measures in the population to prevent the processes of further epidemic expansion of drug addiction and smoking was made.

Keywords: pathological gambling addiction, gambling, ludomania, tobacco smoking.

Резюме

Патологическое влечение к азартным играм как вариант нехимической зависимости и табакокурение как один из видов химической аддикции на современном этапе являются актуальной проблемой как в Украине, так и в зарубежных странах, где легализован игорный бизнес. В статье изучены показатели психоэмоционального состояния здоровых молодых людей и игроманов, курящих и некурящих с помощью метода «САН». Среди респондентов, не курящих табак, самочувствие и настроение у здоровых молодых людей получили высокую оценку, а активность - среднюю; у лиц, страдающих лудоманией, показатели самочувствия, активности и настроения находятся в пределах средней оценки. У курящих обследуемых, как здоровых, так и игроманов, достоверных различий по шкалам самочувствия, активности и настроения выявлено не было: вышеупомянутые показатели соответствуют высокой оценке, что в совокупности с результатами корреляционного анализа доказывает синергию возникновения и функционирования нехимической и химической аддикции. На основании полученных данных сделан вывод об актуальности проведения психогигиенических и психокоррекционных мероприятий среди населения для предотвращения процессов дальнейшей эпидемической экспансии лудомании и табакокурения.

Ключевые слова: патологическая зависимость от азартных игр, гемблинг, лудомания, табакокурение.

Pathological gambling addiction, as one of the types of non-chemical addiction, and tobacco use among young people is an actual research topic [1-4]. Modern social society development in the context of globalization and financial and economic relations reformatting with the scientific and technological progress background allows a person not only to benefit from the innovations of civilization (adaptations for real and interactive gambling), but also puts them at risk of abuse. In addition, ludomania, affecting basic psycho-physiological processes, is in some cases the cause of extremely severe mental states, sometimes incompatible with life (from 13 to 40% of pathological gamers make suicide attempts, 32-70% have suicidal thoughts), social and personal disadaptation (up to 60% of gamers commit crimes). The etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of this psychopathology remain open. An important element is the commonality of mechanisms for the implementation of non-chemical game and chemical, in particular, tobacco dependencies [5].

The most important in the light of the studied nosologies is the problem of mental hygiene, psychoprophylaxis and correction of addictive behavior in young people, since today almost the entire range of methods of working with addicts is developed for the prevention and treatment of chemical addictions, while "modern addictive nosological units" require new approach in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients in the practical absence of targeted modular training of medical personnel on this subject.

In connection with the above, the importance and relevance of the topic of studying the psychosocial factors of the gambling formation in combination with smoking seems to be indisputable. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the psycho-emotional state of healthy young people and those suffering from pathological gambling addiction, smoking and non-smoking tobacco.

To achieve this aim, we identified the following tasks:

To study the indicators of the psycho-emotional state of young people, citizens of Ukraine, healthy and gamers who do not smoke tobacco.

To study the indicators of the psycho-emotional state of young people who are healthy and suffering from pathological gambling addiction, smoking tobacco and compare with those of non-smoking respondents.

To draw conclusions about the practical application of the results obtained in the scheme of implementing the system of mental hygiene, psycho-prophylaxis and psychotherapy associated with components of addictive gambling behavior.

In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, we anonymously, with the consent of the surveyed, conducted a survey of 1800 students of Kyiv's higher educational institutions aged 17-25 years without acute and chronic diseases using a screening test, which included the "WAM" test; 47% - were males, 53% - females (Fig. 1), students aged 17 years - 10%; 18 years old - 22%; 19 years old - 20.7%; 20 years old - 19.7%, 21 years old - 18.3%; 22 years old - 4%; 23 years - 3.3%; 24 years - 1%; 25 years - 1% (Fig. 2).

Persons suffering from pathological dependence on gambling accounted for 9.66% (174 people), among them boys - 55.17% (96 people), girls - 44.83% (78 people). It was found that 72.41% (126 people) of the people in the forest suffer from tobacco smoking, while only 39.48% (642 people) of healthy respondents smoke tobacco. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the SPSS 16.0 for Windows program. Table 1 shows the results of answers to the "WAM" questions of young people who do not smoke, Table 2 shows tobacco smokers.

Fig. 1. Distribution of surveyed young people by gender

Fig. 2. Distribution of surveyed young people by age

Table 1

Indicators of the study of psycho-emotional state in young people, who do not smoke tobacco on the test scales "WAM"

Table 2

Indicators of the study of psycho-emotional state in young people smoking tobacco on the test scales "WAM"

Correlation analysis, based on Spearman's calculations to determine the closeness of the relationship between quantitative and qualitative traits, assuming that these signs can be ranked by degree of decrease or increase, allowed us to establish the following relationships between the studied data of respondents suffering from pathological gambling tendencies (table 3).

The obtained data allowed us to draw the following conclusions. According to the results of the "WAM" test, among the respondents who do not smoke tobacco, the state of health and mood of healthy young people was highly appreciated, and the activity was average; in individuals with ludomania, indicators of well-being, activity and mood are within the average of the assessment. In smokers, both healthy and gamers, there were no significant differences in the scales of well-being, activity and mood: the above-mentioned indicators correspond to a high score, which may be due to several reasons. Firstly, it is possible that there are predisposing gambling pathologies in the personality structural components. A high assessment of the psychoemotional status of smokers in healthy respondents may be related to the fact that chronic nicotine intoxication causes significant changes in the central nervous system associated with the formation of a pathological vascular focus and electrical activity of various brain structures responsible for emotional responses. Secondly, no less important, by our opinion, are the results of a correlation analysis of the relationship between the fact of smoking and the psycho-emotional personality characteristics of a gamer: the process of smoking tobacco is closely related to the sensations' formation of pleasure, activity, good mood, mobility, efficiency, vigor, satisfaction. In healthy respondents, there are no such correlations, which proves synergy in the formation and functioning of non-chemical and chemical addiction. Of course, this topic needs further development. It is necessary to note the effective use of the results obtained in the structure of the complex psychotherapeutic influence on addicts who consumed alcoholic beverages and smoked tobacco by the method of contradictive stimulation. The above data was also used in the formation of psychohygienic and correctional and preventive measures in the youth environment, aimed at reducing the spread of both game addiction and smoking.

Table 3

Indicators of relationships between the studied data of respondents suffering from pathological gambling tendencies

Notes: * р<0.05; ** р<0.01.

REFERENCES

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Bukhanovskiy A., Soldatkin V. (2007) Patologicheskiy gembling: kliniko-patogeneticheskiye aspekty [Pathological gambling: clinical and pathogenetic aspects]. Russian Psychiatric Journal, vol. 5, pp. 35-43.

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