ó㳺í³÷í³ àñïåêòè àäàïòàö³¿ îâåöü ³ìïîðòîâàíî¿ ïîðîäè îë³áñ çà åêîëîãî-ãîñïîäàðñüêèõ óìîâ ñòåïîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íè

Îñîáëèâîñò³ ëåãåíåâîãî äèõàííÿ ³ ãàçîåíåðãåòè÷íîãî îáì³íó ó â³âöåìàòîê ³ ìîëîäíÿêà. Õàðàêòåð òåðìîðåãóëÿö³éíî¿ çäàòíîñò³ îðãàí³çìó îâåöü äî ñïåêîòíèõ ïîãîäíèõ óìîâ. Åêîíîì³÷íà åôåêòèâí³ñòü âèðîùóâàííÿ îòðèìàíîãî ÷èñòîïîðîäíîãî ³ ïîì³ñíîãî ïîãîë³â’ÿ.

Ðóáðèêà Ñåëüñêîå, ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî è çåìëåïîëüçîâàíèå
Âèä àâòîðåôåðàò
ßçûê óêðàèíñêèé
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ 26.09.2015
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Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

Äèñåðòàö³ÿ íà çäîáóòòÿ íàóêîâîãî ñòóïåíÿ êàíäèäàòà âåòåðèíàðíèõ íàóê çà ñïåö³àëüí³ñòþ 16.00.06 - ã³ã³ºíà òâàðèí òà âåòåðèíàðíà ñàí³òàð³ÿ. Õàðê³âñüêà äåðæàâíà çîîâåòåðèíàðíà àêàäåì³ÿ. Õàðê³â, 2008.

Ó äèñåðòàö³¿ íà îñíîâ³ êîìïëåêñíèõ ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ, ô³ç³îëîãî-á³îõ³ì³÷íèõ, ³ìóíîëîã³÷íèõ òà çîîòåõí³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü âèêëàäåíî äàí³ ùîäî àäàïòàö³éíî¿ çäàòíîñò³ îâåöü ³ìïîðòíî¿ ïîðîäè îë³áñ êàíàäñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ ÿê ó ÷èñòîïîðîäíîìó, òàê ³ ó ïîì³ñíîìó âàð³àíòàõ ç àñêàí³éñüêîþ ïîðîäîþ äî åêîëîãî-ãîñïîäàðñüêèõ óìîâ ñòåïîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íè.

Îäåðæàí³ ìàòåð³àëè äîçâîëÿþòü îá´ðóíòóâàòè äîö³ëüí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ áàðàí³â-ïë³äíèê³â ïîðîäè îë³áñ ó ñåëåêö³éíîìó ïðîöåñ³ ùîäî óäîñêîíàëåííÿ ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ïîïóëÿö³¿ îâåöü äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêîãî òèïó àñêàí³éñüêî¿ ì'ÿñî-âîâíîâî¿ ïîðîäè â ãîñïîäàðñòâàõ ñòåïîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íè ç âèñîêèì ð³âíåì ïðèðîäíî¿ ðåçèñòåíòíîñò³ îðãàí³çìó íà òë³ ïðèòàìàííèõ öüîìó ðåã³îíîâ³ åêîëîãî-ãîñïîäàðñüêèõ óìîâ. Ïðè öüîìó çà ïîêàçíèêàìè ïðèðîäíî¿ ðåçèñòåíòíîñò³, ³ìóíîá³îëîã³÷íî¿ ðåàêòèâíîñò³, ëåãåíåâîãî äèõàííÿ, ãàçîåíåðãåòè÷íîãî îáì³íó òà òåïëîñò³éêîñò³ äîâåäåíà ïîçèòèâíà ïðèñòîñóâàëüíà ìîæëèâ³ñòü ÷èñòîïîðîäíîãî çà îë³áñîì ³ ïîì³ñíîãî ìîëîäíÿêó, îòðèìàíîãî â³ä ñõðåùóâàííÿ ìàòîê ì³ñöåâîãî äí³ïðîïåòðîâñüêîãî òèïó ç áàðàíàìè-ïë³äíèêàìè ³ìïîðòîâàíî¿ ïîðîäè îë³áñ äî åêîëîãî-ãîñïîäàðñüêèõ óìîâ ñòåïîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íè - ìàéáóòíüîãî àðåàëó ¿õ ðîçâåäåííÿ. Îòðèìàíî íîâ³ äàí³ ïðî çàá³éí³ ïîêàçíèêè áàðàíö³â ð³çíîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ òà ïðî îñîáëèâîñò³ ðîñòó ³ ðîçâèòêó ìîëîäíÿêó ð³çíèõ ãåíîòèï³â.

Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ã³ã³ºíà, àäàïòàö³ÿ, îë³áñ, àñêàí³éñüêà ì'ÿñî-âîâíîâà ïîðîäà, ðåçèñòåíòí³ñòü, ãàçîåíåðãåòè÷íèé îáì³í, ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü.

Çàÿðêî À.À. Ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû àäàïòàöèè îâåö èìïîðòèðîâàííîé ïîðîäû îëèáñ â ýêîëîãî-õîçÿéñòâåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ñòåïíîé çîíû Óêðàèíû. - Ðóêîïèñü.

Äèññåðòàöèÿ íà ñîèñêàíèå íàó÷íîé ñòåïåíè êàíäèäàòà âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê çà ñïåöèàëüíîñòüþ 16.00.06 - ãèãèåíà æèâîòíûõ è âåòåðèíàðíàÿ ñàíèòàðèÿ. Õàðüêîâñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ çîîâåòåðèíàðíàÿ àêàäåìèÿ. Õàðüêîâ, 2008.

 äèññåðòàöèè ïðèâåäåíû äàííûå îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòàöèîííîé ñïîñîáíîñòè îâåö èìïîðòíîé ïîðîäû îëèáñ êàíàäñêîé ñåëåêöèè êàê â ÷èñòîïîðîäíîì, òàê è â ïîìåñíîì âàðèàíòàõ ñ àñêàíèéñêîé ïîðîäîé ê ýêîëîãî-õîçÿéñòâåííûì óñëîâèÿì ñòåïíîé çîíû Óêðàèíû.

Áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî â çèìíèõ óñëîâèÿõ ìàòêè ïîðîäû îëèáñ óñòóïàëè ïî ïîêàçàòåëÿì ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè îðãàíèçìà ìåñòíîé àñêàíèéñêîé ìÿñîøåðñòíîé ïîðîäå: çà àêòèâíîñòüþ è èíòåíñèâíîñòüþ íåéòðîôèëüíîãî ôàãîöèòîçà - íà 16,8 è 37,0% (Ð<0,05), ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ ãàììà-ãëîáóëèíîâîé ôðàêöèè áåëêà - íà 36,6% (Ð<0,05).  ëåòíå-îñåííèé ïåðèîä îâöåìàòêè ïîðîäû îë³áñ, íàîáîðîò, ïðåîáëàäàëè íàä ñâîèìè ñâåðñòíèöàìè àñêàíèéñêîé ïîðîäû ïî êîëè÷åñòâó ýðèòðîöèòîâ è ñîäåðæàíèþ îáùåãî áåëêà, ñóùåñòâåííî íå óñòóïàÿ ïðè ýòîì ïîêàçàòåëÿìè ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè îðãàíèçìà. Îäíàêî, â çíîéíûõ ïîãîäíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ìàòêè ïîðîäû îëèáñ îêàçàëèñü ìåíåå âûíîñëèâûìè è ðåàãèðîâàëè áîëüøèì ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû òåëà è ÷àñòîòû äûõàíèÿ; çà êîýôôèöèåíòîì òåïëîâîé ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè îíè ïðåîáëàäàëè íàä ñâîèìè ñâåðñòíèöàìè àñêàíèéñêîé ïîðîäû íà 8,6% (Ð<0,05).

Îâöåìàòêè ïîðîäû îëèáñ ïðåâîñõîäèëè ñâåðñòíèö àñêàíèéñêîé ïîðîäû ïî ïîêàçàòåëÿì ëåãî÷íîãî äûõàíèÿ è ãàçîåíåðãåòè÷íîãî îáìåíà. Ó íèõ áûëè âûøå: ãëóáèíà äûõàíèÿ - íà 64,1%, âåíòèëÿöèÿ ëåãêèõ - íà 12,5%, ïîòðåáëåíèå êèñëîðîäà íà åäèíèöó ìàññû òåëà - íà 19,9%, òåïëîïðîäóêöèÿ - íà 19,6% (Ð<0, 05-0,01).

Ïî èììóíîëîãè÷åñêèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ïðåèìóùåñòâî ïåðåä ðîâåñíèêàìè ïîðîäû îëèáñ èìåëè ÿãíÿòà ìåñòíîé àñêàíèéñêîé ïîðîäû äíåïðîïåòðîâñêîãî òèïà, à ïîìåñíûå ÿãíÿòà ïåðâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ ïî êîëè÷åñòâó Ò- è Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ â êðîâè â íåêîòîðûå âîçðàñòíûå ïåðèîäû äàæå ïðåâûøàëè ñâîèõ àíàëîãîâ èñõîäíûõ ïîðîä. ×èñòîïîðîäíûé ìîëîäíÿê îëèáñ è ïîìåñíûé ïî èíòåíñèâíîñòè ãàçîåíåðãåòè÷íîãî îáìåíà ïðåâîñõîäèë àñêàí³éñüêèõ ðîâåñíèêîâ â 6 è 12-òè ìåñÿ÷íîì âîçðàñòå.  ãîäîâàëîì âîçðàñòå ñðåäíÿÿ æèâàÿ ìàññà áàðàí÷èêîâ è ÿðîê ñîñòàâèëà: ïîðîäû îëèáñ - 74,64 è 58,78 êã; ïîìåñíûõ - 58,50 è 48,05 êã è àñêàí³éñüêî¿ ïîðîäû äíåïðîïåòðîâñêîãî òèïà - 48,12 è 40,84 êã. Ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè â êà÷åñòâå ïëåìåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà ÷èñòàÿ ïðèáûëü (â ãðí.) îò ÿðîê 12-òè ìåñÿ÷íîãî âîçðàñòà ñîñòàâèëà: ïîðîäû îë³áñ - 3054,85; ïîìåñíûõ - 864,28; àñêàí³éñüêî¿ ïîðîäû äíåïðîïåòðîâñêîãî òèïà - 693,86.  ðåçóëüòàòå áîëåå âûñîêîé ìÿñíîé ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè ïîìåñíûõ áàðàí÷èêîâ, õîçÿéñòâîì íà 1 ãëàâó â 6-òû ìåñÿ÷íîì âîçðàñòå äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïîëó÷åíî 242 ãðí.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ãèãèåíà, àäàïòàöèÿ, îëèáñ, àñêàíèéñêàÿ ìÿñîøåðñòíàÿ ïîðîäà, ðåçèñòåíòíîñòü, ãàçîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé îáìåí, ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü.

Zayarko A. O. Some hygienic aspects of adaptation in sheep of imported olibs breed to the environmental and husbandry conditions in the steppe zone of Ukraine. -- Manuscript.

Dissertation on the competition of scientific degree of the candidate of veterinary sciences after speciality 16.00.06 -- hygiene of animals and veterinary sanitary. Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Kharkiv, 2008.

On the basis of extensive hygienic, physiological, biochemical, immunological and zoo-engineering investigations, the author of this dissertation presents data pertaining to adaptive capabilities in sheep of imported Olibs breed, Canadian selection, both in pure breed sheep and local cross-breeds with Ascania sheep under the environmental and husbandry conditions in the steppe zone of Ukraine.

The results obtained give grounds to conclude that the use of pedigree rams of Olibs breed in the selection process is quite effective for improving production indices in sheep population of Dnipropetrovsk type of Askania mutton-wool breed on the farms in the steppe zone of Ukraine and upgrading the levels of natural resistance in sheep organisms on the background of peculiar regional environmental and husbandry conditions. Simultaneously, investigations into natural resistance indices, intensity of immuno-biological reactivity, lung breathing, gas-energy exchange and heat resistance have proved positive adaptive capabilities in both pure Olibs sheep and local young sheep obtained in cross-breeding of the Dnipropetrovsk type ewes with the pedigree rams of imported Olibs breed under the environmental and husbandry conditions in the steppe zone of Ukraine, which can become their natural habitat. Alternative data have been also obtained on lamb indices at slaughtering, as well as on growth rates and gains in young sheep of different genotypes.

Key words: hygiene, adaptation, Olibs breed, Askania mutton-wool breed, resistance, gas-energy exchange, productivity.

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