Organization of large cattle farming and ensuring quality of meat-dairy products

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Organization of large cattle farming and ensuring quality of meat-dairy products

Istomina E.E., Kuranov M.N.

Abstract

ORGANIZATION OF LARGE CATTLE FARMING AND ENSURING QUALITY OF MEAT-DAIRY PRODUCTS

Istomina E.E.№, Kuranov M.N.І

№ORCID: 0000-0002-1243-4434, PhD in Chemistry,

ІORCID: 0000-0003-4910-6239, Private entrepreneur,

¹Pedagogical Institute of Irkutsk State University.

The paper examines the results of the study on a cattle farming organization and ensuring the quality of meat and dairy products, the production program is presented as well. The capital costs for equipment and materials for the organization of the farm are presented, in the paper, the calculation of technical and economic indicators of the production program is performed and the safety indicators for dairy and meat products are listed, the measures ensuring the quality of meat and dairy products are developed as well.

Keywords: organization, farming, cattle, quality assurance, meat products, dairy products.

Аннотация

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ФЕРМЕРСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА МЯСОМОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

Истомина Е.Е.№, Куранов М.Н.І

№ORCID:0000-0002-1243-4434, кандидат химических наук,

ІORCID: 0000-0003-4910-6239, индивидуальный предприниматель,

¹Педагогический институт Иркутского государственного университета.

В статье рассматриваются результаты исследования организации фермерского хозяйства крупного рогатого скота и обеспечения качества мяса и молочной продукции. Представлена производственная программа. Приведены капитальные затраты на оборудование и материалы на организацию фермерского хозяйства. В статье выполнен расчет технико-экономических показателей производственной программы и приведены показатели безопасности молочной и мясной продукции, а также разработаны мероприятия по обеспечению качества мясной и молочной продукции.

Ключевые слова: организация, фермерское хозяйство, крупный рогатый скот, обеспечение качества, мясная продукция, молочная продукция.

Introduction

According to "Soyuzmoloko" in 2016, Russia's level of self-sufficiency in dairy products amounted to 81.5 %. By 2020, according to the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, this standard should be 90 %. The production of commercial milk amounted to 20.7 million tons and increased by 2.8 %. Milk productivity of cows increased by 2.1 %. Milk processing and finished goods production grew by 1 %. The organization of the farming economy of cattle contributes to the implementation of this Doctrine [1. p. 11]. Agriculture in the Irkutsk region is engaged in 190 agricultural organizations, 3.3 thousand farms, 349 thousand personal subsidiary farms, 120 cooperatives [2. р. 40]. The purpose of the study is to organize a farmer economy to produce high-quality meat products and milk products, with the next retail sale in the Irkutsk region market.

Material and methods. This article discusses the results of a study of the organization of a farm economy and ensuring the quality of meat and milk products. The method of the study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects, carried out according to the Methodological recommendations for the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects [3. p. 3].

Results and discussion

The goal of the project is to generate profit through the production of meat and milk products. The main activities of the company are: breeding cattle and retail sale of dairy products; cattle breeding and retail sale of meat products.

Stakeholders of the project: individual entrepreneur, sales manager of LLC "UNIC" in Irkutsk, head of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Irkutsk region, consumers of Irkutsk region, we are suppliers of feed and veterinary products.

Type of project - capital investments in fixed assets and circulating assets of agricultural production. Acquisition of agricultural machinery: (table 1).

Table 1 - Capital investment (CI)

The project also plans fattening for meat 7 bulls, 7 cows for lactation of milk, and also sowing wheat and oats on an area of 51.5 hectares for growing cattle feed.

Table 2 - Profession of farm

In the farm, agricultural products will be produced: drinking milk - 5.2 tons/month; soured cream - 4.25; cottage cheese - 2.3; and beef - 8.25 tons/year.

Table 3 - Holstein breed [4, С. 366; 5]

For 4 years it is planned to increase the head of cattle and 14 to 56 cows.

Table 4 - Livestock project

A significant part of the agricultural produce produced will be sold on the food markets of the Irkutsk region. The farmer to ensure the demand for milk and meat products, regulates quality, by composing the optimal formulations. The quality of products is formed through the control of raw materials and the provision of storage and transportation factors for finished products in accordance with regulatory documents. The trade mark-up for each product is formed taking into account the demand in the market.

Table 5 - Technical conditions

Note: № Кlass 1;2;3;4; Category "В"; "К"; "Г".

As part of fixed assets are farm, cowshed, truck, bulls, land. In the composition of working capital are food, equipment, lining.

Project analysis. The planning of the production of peasant farms is based on production capacity. Production capacities are limited by labor resources, production areas, natural components. The general management of the peasant farm will be carried out by the entrepreneur. The working staff will consist of 3 replaceable basic workers. The salary at the enterprise is time-based. The sales plan is calculated on the fact of receipt of proceeds from the sale of products. The farm will start farming activities from the 1Y. The sales plan is presented in Table 6. Calculation of depreciation is carried out proceeding from the fact that the service life of a barn and a tractor is 10 years. Depreciation is accrued on a straight-line basis. Depreciation charges amount to 188 000 rubles in year.

Table 6 - Plan of revenues

The cost of production includes conditionally variable and conditionally fixed costs. Commercial expenses are represented by expenses for the purchase of fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants), which are accounted for at constant costs, and management costs in the management salaries.

Formation of the price for production of Individual Entrepreneur. The farmer is based on a costly and market approach. The price covers the costs of production, but does not exceed the price of competitors. Production indicators according to the plan of the economy: indicator milk yield from 1 cow per year - 4400 kg. Conditional variable costs include animal feed. The amount of feed intake is affected by the age of the animals, lactation and weight. The variable costs in accordance with the production plan are presented in Table 7.

Table 7 - Cash-flow. thousand rubles

The cost of purchasing food increases in accordance with the increase in the herd number from 15 to 56 head of cattle. The farmer sells livestock products. Farmer activity is a profitable type of business, as evidenced by statistics on the breeding of cattle in the Irkutsk region.

The products are fully sold in the agricultural markets of the Irkutsk region. Cattle breeding refers to agricultural activities, so the calculation uses a single agricultural tax (6 %), in addition to which mandatory contributions to the pension fund of the Russian Federation and the social insurance fund (30 %) are paid. These taxes are included in fixed costs. The need for non-current assets arises in the first year. They are related to the acquisition of agricultural machinery. The total need for non-current assets will amount to 1 880 000 rubles, including: grant funds - 1 500 000 rubles. And own means of the farmer - 380 000 rubles.

In Tables 7-8, reflecting costs, revenue and net profit. According to calculated data, it is clear that from 3Q 1Y to 2Q 2Y, the net profit is negative for months.

Table 8 - Estimation of economic efficiency, thousand rubles

Thus, the amount of this profit and will be a need for current assets in 1Y.

The need for current assets of the project will be 340 500 rubles. As a result of unfavorable weather conditions, about 70 % of the losses in the national economy fall on agricultural production [10. р. 94]. When analyzing risks, it was revealed that many factors influence the efficiency of work. One of the most important is the incidence of bull-calves, which can lead to the death of animals. The main obstacles that can place project implementation are poor climatic conditions - low yields resulting in a shortage of feed. farm economy meat milk

Conclusion

The project is based on the organization of peasant farming of cattle and ensuring the quality of meat and milk products. The production program is presented. The project of cattle farm cost-effective and practical to implement.

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