Comprehensive study of various properties of loams field of Besaryk in order to obtain building materials

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Comprehensive study of various properties of loams field of Besaryk in order to obtain building materials

M.B. Ernazarova, S.K. Kurbaniyazov

Summary. Research ways of using local raw clay (loam) for the manufacture of building materials of sufficiently high quality and in the development of technologies applied to the multicolored polymer of decorative and protective coatings for the purpose of facing the historical monuments. Coatings must improved decorative properties of masonry construction and must be resistant and durable in operational conditions.

Keywords: loam, facing, building material, plaster, analysis.

raw clay building materials facing

Loam as polymictic clay, widely used in the production of building materials (bricks, tiles, ceramic floor tiles, sewer and drainage pipes), brick-and-masonry mortars, clay-limestone cement and portland cement, as well as solutions for the plastering of walls, mud buildings, waterproof jumpers and gaskets; in foundry-- as an additive in various forms for the manufacture of metal castings; geological exploration drilling polymictic clay with the addition of bentonitic clays used to prepare clay solutions. In our scientific work investigated samples of loams in Besaryk field. Grossly breed fawn-colored, uniformly colored, slightly lumpy, get your hands dirty, a good soak, in the water boils stormy under the influence of a drop of hydrochloric acid. Aleuritic calcareous loam, weakly gypsum. Texture: slightly clustered. Structure: Pelitsilt stone.

The breed consists of a mixture clay and detrital material. Detrital material predominates, present at about 75%, distributed in breed does not uniformly. Detritus angular and angularrounded shape, the size of 0.1 mm and less represented by quartz, feldspar, calcite, limestone, entirely ferruginous and chloritized debris. Note also that detrital of amphibole, pyroxene, epidote, biotite and hydrated leaves gelified plant residues. The magnetite is present as an impurity.

Clay mass of brown color composed of pelitic particles having a refractive index more than Canadian balsam, and both high and low birefringence, represented, apparently, with an admixture of kaolinite hydromica, pelitomorphic calcite, finely divided silica-alumina dispersed and scattered iron hydroxides. Weak gypsum, plaster develops unevenly, nests of up to 0.2 mm. Nests stacked platelets of plaster the size of in hundredths fraction of a millimeter. In consequence of the staining of the sample suspension methylene blue solution pelitic fractions were painted in light purple color, which when added potassium chloride coloring did not change. This indicates qualitatively for the presence of a kaolinite sample (Table 1)

Table 1- Mineral composition of the sample of field Besaryk

According to the chemical analysis of the sample S0з_com= 0,35%. Minerals containing sulphide sulfur is absent. Sulfate sulfur is present in microscopic plates of plaster.

Investigated raw material represented with clay composed of pelitic particles of size <0.01 mm (= 25%) and silt material size> 0.01 mm (= 75%). Pelitic material (particle size of 0.01 mm or less) is represented by kaolinite-halloysite in mixtures with hydromica and impurity pelitomorphic calcite, finely ground aluminum silicates and iron hydroxides (tabl.2-3). Type of clay - hydromica - halloysite - kaolinitic. Elements: Cd, Sb, Bi, Hg, В, Tl, Та, La, Au, Се, Yb, In, U, Gd, Hf - less than detection limit.

Table 2 - Results of spectral analysis of clay (semi-quantitative)

Table 3 - Results of the analysis of clays

Category of accuracy analysis - III СТРК1354-2005, instruction НСАМ№3. By the number of plasticity sample of area Besaryk belongs to the group of moderately plastic, and area Ibata of the group of high ductility, clay raw materials. By plasticity indicators clay raw material meet the requirements of GOST 9169-75. Were manufactured, samples of bricks of clay raw material from the site Besaryk without plasticizer and burned at temperatures of 850 ° C, 950 ° C, 1050 ° C (Table 4).

Table 4- Results determination of ultimate compression strength

According to Table 4, see that the firing is carried out not in full, but indicators-cube samples correspond to GOST, cubes samples have 100-125 mark.

Then, under the terms advanced by the customer, in laboratory was complied the mixture of plasticizer+ loam (plasticizer from area Ibata and loam from area Besaryk) in different percentage was determined plasticity, by which sets the optimum amount of injected plasticizer, the results are summarized in Table 5.

According to Table 4-5, we see that indicators cube samples of laboratory- technological samples, burnt in a temperature range of 850-1000 C satisfy GOST requirements and have the brand "125". At higher indicators of strength cubes samples have weld. After steaming cubes samples did not have a cracks and splits, but the surface of the samples-cubes had a small white raids (the presence of water-soluble salts) and calcareous inclusions.

Table 5 - Plasticizer of loam from area Besaryk

Having analyzed the obtained data of research results of laboratory and technological sample with the addition of plasticizer (loam -90% + plasticizer - 10%) to the following conclusions:

• the plasticity of clay raw material belongs to the group of moderately plastic raw materials;

• Under ultimate compression strength specimens cubes of laboratory and technological samples, meet the requirements of GOST,

Clay breed intended for the production of ceramic bricks, estimated total mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, the content of the basic chemical components, indicators and technological properties of the definition of specific effectiveness of natural radionuclides.

The main indicators of technological properties are granulometric composition, the content of coarse inclusions, including the inclusion of carbonate, plasticity, clay sensitivity coefficient to the raw material drying and linear shrinkage caking strength of the fired products and frost resistance.

For the ultimate addressing the issue of suitability of clay raw materials for the production of bricks necessary to carry out the test of raw materials in its entirety.

References

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2. Mazurov G.P. Genesis of the overburden. «Scientific Bulletin of Leningrad University», 1948, № 20.

3. Mazurov G.P. To question about the formation of overburden. Materials on the total permafrost. In the collection: «VII Interagency Meeting on Permafrost». AN.SSSR.M Publ, 1959.

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5. Popov A. I. About the origin of Russian plains covering loam. «АN SSSR Publ», ser. geogr., 1953, № 5.

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7. Popov A.I. Covering loam and polygonal relief of Bolshezemelskaya tundra. In collection: «Issues of geographical permafrost and periglacial morphology». MGU Publ, 1961.

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