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Church of Vladimir. The complex Spasskaya and Nikolskaya churches, Kazan Church, Candlemas church

Barinkov A.V.

Vladimir State University after Alexander G. and Nicholas G. Stoletovs.

Vladimir, Russia

The complex Spasskaya and Nikolskaya churches

church kazan vladimir nicholas

It located on the spot where in 1164 Andrew Bogolyubskii established his royal court and built white-stone Church of the Savior. Later, it formed Zlatovratski Spassky Monastery, which existed until 1764.The present Church of the Saviour was built in the late XVIII century, made of brick instead of the old, burnt down in 1778. As shown by the archaeological excavations carried out here under the guidance of Professor N. Voronin, a new church was raised on the foundations of the old with the partial use of the lower parts of the walls of the ancient white stone.

Apparently, the original Church of the Savior in its forms was close to the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, built a year later. It was a small chetyrehstolpny Cathedral's cross, decorated arkaturno-columnar zone with thread. The floors were covered with glazed tiles, like those that were used in the majority of Vladimir-Suzdal buildings of the XII century.

Raising a new church, the builders sought both to repeat its former appearance: in the decoration of facades and division arcature used blades on the fence, entrance furnished promising portals, stucco, step razgranki have a white stone masonry. However, an even greater extent paid tribute to the master of time. The architecture of the church is clearly visible features of the Baroque. This is evidenced by a multi-eaves quadrangular, and complex in pattern shaped window frames, and a very dynamic top end of a steeply rising from the roof towered over her two-level octagonal drum topped with bulbous head.

Originally settled interior. High double-height besstolpny bushel, covered with closed vault with access to the light drum, represents the light and free space. Three arched doorway leads into a spacious apse of Conch with deep window stripping.

Nearby, south of Church of the Savior, it is a little warm church of St. Nicholas. She is very smart. Although the exact date of its construction is not, it is created, of course, in the tradition of architectural patterns the second half of the XVII century. The top is crowned by a quadrangular zone from kokoshniks below passes frieze of horizontal rods and the curb. On the northern facade of the preserved beautiful carved window casing with an unusual carinate top and frame in the form of an exquisite necklace of beads. It seems that the architect worked on the temple with a very strong sense of plastics.

Attractive and low towering bell tower is completed once the four-sided tent. V'ubranstve its upper tier used muravlenye tiles. Recessed into the niche-fly, they create a rich play of light and color.

St. Nicholas Church

St. Nicholas Church in Vladimir is located in the southern part of the city, in the place where once was located Zlatovratski Nicholas Monastery.

It is for certain the date of construction of the temple is unknown. According to researchers, this small, but very elegant church was built in the tradition of architectural patterns the approximately in the second half of the XVII century. In 1778 there was a fire, and the church is not burned completely, but was heavily damaged. Later it was rebuilt, and in 1850 on the south side of the temple was built a new chapel in honor of "Our Lady of Tikhvin" (not preserved to this day).

St. Nicholas Church in Vladimir consists of original construction of the building, on the north side which adjoin the low three-tiered bell tower and chapel. Due to the fact that the building was heavily rebuilt to identify some basic style in the decoration of the temple is not possible. Part of the bulk of the decoration on the north side gives you the opportunity to talk about the impact on the monument Posad architecture of the end of XVII - beginning of XVIII century, also present elements of the Baroque period. At the top of the temple is decorated with a wide belt of corbel arches. On the northern facade of the building is preserved carved window casing with an unusual carinate top and frame in the form of an exquisite necklace of beads. Attractive and low towering bell tower with a spire, which once completed a four-sided tent. St. Nicholas Church in Vladimir is the "winter" of the temple. Included in a single architectural complex with the Church of the Transfiguration.

Kazan Church

In the XVII century. in Yamskaya Sloboda, located behind the Golden Gate were wooden Kazan and St. Peter and Paul (on Meshchanskaya street, modern st. Dzerzhinsky) church. The main altar of the Church of the Kazan was the other name. The patriarch's tax books 136 (1628), the means "Church of All Saints in the tenements in Yamskaya Sloboda." Obviously, the renaming of the throne in the church Yamskaya settlement occurred after 1628, but not earlier than 1648, because this year alone Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ordered to celebrate the Kazan Mother of God in the whole Russian kingdom.

The word "yam" meant in antiquity known inhabitants of duty populated areas to carry on their carts serving people for the sovereign affairs. Vladimir yam, if not modern base of Vladimir, the modern direction of the later routes from Moscow to the east of Russia. Yamskaya Sloboda almost con. XIX century. directly adjacent to the shaft crossing the big street at the Golden Gate, the site of the nobility and Meshchanskaya (Dzerzhinsky) streets.

Prior to the floor. XVIII century. Vladimir to Yamskaya Sloboda was attributed Ilinskoe village inhabited by coachmen Vladimirskago pit. The cadastres letter and measures of Prince Kropotkin and Basil deacon Ignatius Lukin 1642 we find the following information about the village of Elias: "Volodimerskie Yamskogo suburb of coachmen Ilinskoe village on the creek, and in the village Church of Elijah the Prophet sallallaahu limit of Florus and Laurus wooden gnocchi and the churches of images and books and vestments and nakolokolnitse bells and all the church buildings sirskoe yes in the village-Well in the courtyard of Pop Ivan Semyonov yard it as long 11 fathoms with polusazhenyu and across the 10 fathom, but the garden in a length of 30 fathoms, and across 24 blacks., church arable land tillage serednie two quarters in a field in a two-by tomuzh, hay along the river on Dresvyanke on pozhn Kochanowski at 60 stacks; Yamshikova 32 in the village courtyard, and people in these 66 people but 29 seats yard and garden, and as the yards and gardens and ogumennikov 3322 and 1031 with the length. The widths, arable land tillage serednie 404 Fallow quarter but 23 quarters so overgrown forest 267 quarters of 4770 in the field of hay stacks yes zhivotinnago Release 5 tithes nepashennago forest woods and swamps in the length of 10 kilometers and 5 kilometers across. " The church in the village of Ilyinsky wrote in the Patriarchal and Synodal books until 1776 in 1746 was called "the church so on. Elijah Volodimirskago pit in the village ascribed Ilyinsky." Ilinskoe merged with Yamskaya Sloboda on transferring it to a new location.In 1640, the newly built church warm and consecrated in the name of Simeon. In 1687, in Yamskaya Sloboda real church already in the name of "the Most Pure Virgin of Kazan" and then another warm church.

In 1694 it was built a new wooden church and consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

The two wooden churches existed before 1778 In 1778 burned almost all Yamskaya Sloboda, including Peter and Paul and the Church of Kazan.

Yamskaya Sloboda was moved away from the city. At the new place at the expense of the parishioners in 1778 it built a new stone Kazan church with a bell tower, consecrated in 1782.

Candlemas church

Candlemas first church was built on the banks of the Klyazma on the orders of the Grand Duke Bogolyubsky in the 1160th, the reason for its erection was chosen particular - at this point the prince, accompanied by the clergy, with a large gathering of local residents met transported in the Assumption Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of Our Lady Bogolyubov Mother. In memory of the meeting icons - Candlemas - and was built a wooden church. During the construction of Candlemas Church was established by Prince procession September 21 (old style), which made the priests of the Assumption Cathedral. This tradition did not last long, and in 1177 cathedral clergy procession was canceled. During Vladimir ruin in 1238 "wild horde of Mongols", among others, and burned Sretensky church. Since then it has resumed a long time and only in 1656 is mentioned in the archives of the "profit again."

Tunable and updated, the temple later found in the documents of the second half. XVII. At that time he also was assigned to the Cathedral of the Assumption, but already in 1710 in the Sretensky church service conducted a priest.

By the beginning. XVIII century., The site of Gatilova Musketeers and settlements beginning populated Soldier's settlement, and because his church was not here, the residents of nearby settlements visited Petropavlovsk (Meshchanskaya on the street, modern st. Dzerzhinsky) and Kazan temples. In 1778 Peter and Paul church burned down, and Kazan with Yamskaya Sloboda was moved out of the city. Those without a temple residents Soldier settlement, ranked as in the establishment of the province of Vladimir to the urban middle class and merchants, in 1784 asked the bishop of Vladimir and Murom Victor (Anisimov) to transfer them to the village from the city of dilapidated wooden church of Christ. Reverend Victor granted the request, but the move has commanded Sretensky temple shore Klyazma, who a year earlier had accounted for only three of the yard. By the spring of 1785 the temple was dismantled and put in a new place - Soldier settlement.

In 1788 the temple was added to the warm church in honor of the Presentation of the Lord with an iconostasis from the abolished male Pokrovsky Monastery on the Nerl.

In the beginning. XIX century., When the province was carried out in full stone church building, Candlemas Church was the only wood in Vladimir. In the beginning. 1805 parishioners headed by Zahar Gavrilov elder priest Stepan Ivanov petitioned the spiritual consistory to permit the construction of the stone church "humbly ask thereof to build a stone church on the small amount of church assembly to command to give to the collection at the decree of the book for 5 years ". Less than six months later, June 22, 1805, Bishop Vladimir and Suzdal Xenophon (Troepol'skaya) gave the blessing certificate and allowed to raise funds to build a new temple.

Stone Candlemas church was built in 1807 in the classical style.In 1807 the temple was consecrated in honor of pridelnyh Presentation of the Lord, and in 1809 the main altar was consecrated in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. Then it was built and the bell tower, topped by a spire, but a shallow construction continued even for some time. Despite the fact that the temple was the Vladimirsky (and even before the construction of the stone), it continued to be called in memory of the Sretensky church founded by Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky.

According to the inventory, compiled in 1809, the church is neither wealth nor luxury. Liturgical utensils were mostly copper, and a special value differed only altarpiece of the Virgin Mary, decorated with small pearls. The temple library among the liturgical books mentioned a copy of "the book on how to get rid of whom Ospina contagion", presumably a very popular reading in those days total epidemics of smallpox, plague and cholera.

Initially plank roof Candlemas Church in 1829, replaced by iron, gilded only the head above the cold temple and small cupola over the Chapel and at the end of the spire of the bell tower.

Around the same period the previous three-tiered "smooth" the servant of the iconostasis of St. Euthymius monastery Ivan Somov replaced by a new massacre. The iconostasis of the church was warm replaced in 1834. The walls of the chapel in the 1830-1832 biennium. covered the sacred paintings and the cold church a decade later painted Yaroslavl philistine Mikhail Shvetsov. All of this suggests an increase in the capital of the church, which is now being consumed not only to repair the temple, but on a more significant changes. So, in 1866, was built the north chapel, the throne is consecrated in honor of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow", even more warm church expanded in 1870-1780 years., When the west porch was added.

Then all three of the iconostasis replaced with new ones. The history of the Church of

Candlemas bells. According to the inventory of 1809 at the temple belfry of 4 bells, of which the largest weighed 26 pounds 2 pounds (424 kg). In 1816, the bell was replaced by another, weighing 51 poods 27 pounds (842 kg). Almost immediately - in 1817 - and the bell was removed and replace it with a heavy, vesivshim 66 pounds 2 pounds (1084 kg). And finally, in 1875, it was set at 100-pounds "voice", and the former smashed. This bell hung in the belfry before the events generated by the 1917 October Revolution in the late. XIX century. Sretensky church clergy were a priest and acolyte. In addition to income from interest and from treboispravleny prichtovogo capital clergy received rent from church lands - a practice quite often. The number of inhabitants of the parish of Vladimir and the nearby hamlet

Telmyacheevo - just over 1,200 souls, "all Orthodox." On the former site of Candlemas Church at Klyazma in those days resembled a shabby and all the forgotten chapel column.

The first blow to the temple struck in April 1922, when the silver church utensils seized a total weight of 26 kilograms. In November 1923 the community was registered at the temple as part of 148 people. It seemed as if the trouble was over: services were held regularly, though had to get permission for their conduct.

March 7, 1930 Candlemas church was "sentenced" to the closing of the decision of the City Council. The reason - the treatment of residents and Red Soldier suburb town demanding the transfer of the church "under the cultural and educational institution, what are these deprived areas." Worshippers came to the defense of his church by writing a complaint to the Central Executive Committee, left the church and community. A second attempt to close the Sretensky temple also failed. Arguments about the "counter-revolutionary clericalism, to extort money" and "God-fearing old women," religious "dope" and hated bell ringing again had no effect. However, the church has lost its votes, among which was the same bell in 100 pounds of weight.

Until the last day in the temple continued to serve Mikhail S. Belyaev, who became abbot in the already distant 1888 Brave Father together with the parishioners all means let it shut down, continuing to preach the word of God among the mass arrests and executions. April 29, 1937 the NKVD sends a circular to the city council about the closure of Candlemas Church ...

Defiled the temple visited and safekeeping of furniture and woodworking enterprises. The massive walls, on the "dilapidated" which referred to the comrades in the liquidation of the church withstood all the hardships and trials of Soviet oppression. Church shines as before, delighting the eye and caressing, his return to prove the imminent victory of light over darkness.

February 15, 1939 city council Vladimir closes another church - the former Soldier Sretensky settlement.

January 16, 1940 Supreme Soviet of Ivanovo Regional Executive Committee adopted a resolution on May 9, 1939 the closure of Candlemas Church and the transfer of the church building of Vladimir City Council. January 20 Executive Committee sent a resolution to the City Council to declare its believers. Thus, by 1940, Vladimir was alone serving the church - Prince Vladimir in the city cemetery.

In 1992, the temple was reopened.

The first service after the opening of the temple was made Archimandrite Markell Egorovsky February 15, 1992, at 10 am, served sanctification of waters prayer and made the first procession around the church. There was no heating, the window for a while been bricked up, trash, Archimandrite Markell wrote in the liturgical journal was up to the ceiling. But by the beginning of Lent, in the same 1992 services were held in the temple every morning and evening. Heating was ready for Holy Easter, charged masonry with windows were glazed with new and partly renovated old frame, covered and painted roof, renovated floors.

Since 1994, construction began on two iconostasis and the blessing of Archbishop Eulogius the beginning of fresco painting on the model of ancient Russian Moscow school. Repair work on the restoration of the temple continued.

July 12, 1998, His Eminence Elohim was consecrated the main altar of the church in honor of the Presentation of the Vladimir Mother of God in the city of Vladimir. Thus it opened a new period in the life of the church.

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