Peculiarities of architectural decisions of foreign rehabilitation centres for invalids

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FGBOU VPO Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU),Russia t.pletosu@yandex.ru

Peculiarities of architectural decisions of foreign rehabilitation centres for invalids

PletosuT.G., Sarkisyan T.A.

Abstract

architectural rehabilitation centre germany

The paper deals with the results of studying special aspects of architectural decisions of existing foreign rehabilitation centres. The main approaches to the designing of the most successful rehabilitation centres of the Great Britain, Japan and Germany are analysed. Special aspects of architectural decisions are revealed in the description of the following factors: town-planning, space planning, arranging of the interior and exterior space.

Key words: anarchitectural decision, a rehabilitation centre, directions of invalids' after-care, functional zoning.

Особенности архитектурных решений зарубежных реабилитационных центров для инвалидов

The given theme is of high priority especially nowadays, when attention to disabled people's problems has greatly increased. Medical investigations have shown that the use of the correct rehabilitation program can bring back to active life 50 per cent of seriously ill patients. It should be noted, that rehabilitation arrangement is the most effective and comfortable in hospital and specialized rehabilitation centres.

The rehabilitation centre is a type of medical establishment intended for complex rehabilitation of people with special need. Rehabilitation is a process of complete or partial rehabilitation of invalids. The principal directions of invalid rehabilitation include the following: 1. rehabilitation medical actions, reconstructive surgery, prosthesis, sanatorium-and-spa treatment, 2. career guidance, training and education, promotion of employment, production adaptation, 3. fitness and health recreation events, sport [1].

Best practices of establishing rehabilitation centres in different countries have proved practicability of unification of all directions of rehabilitation medicine within a medical establishment. It creates supportive favourable environment which facilitates quickest rehabilitation and socio-environmental adaptation of the disabled in society [2].

The purpose of my research paper is investigation of modern approaches in designing rehabilitation centres abroad. For the research there have been used norms, recommendations[3]and different projectsavailable insocial media. Of special note is “Hazelwood School” for invalids in Glasgow designed by Gordon Murray and Alan Dunlop. The school is situated in the area sited adjacent to Bellahouston Park. The project of the building has taken several national and international prizes. This school for invalids educates children from 2 to 18 suffering from double sensory impairment of hearing and sight. The building is unique functionally because it has been developed specially for education of children with sensory impairment. Disabled children can move freely; they even can ride a tricycle within the school territory.

The construction is equipped with light signs, sound marks, and textures; and there is also a sensory garden with a pond and sculptures. The garden and sculptures is an integral part of practical classes promoting skills of environmental perception development.

The exterior of the structure is notable for its unexceptional design having a graceful, undulated shape. The facade is adorned with the glass ribbon which gives the building lightness and simultaneously fills it with natural light. When building a structure there have been used contemporary and natural construction materials, mostly glass and wood. The interior planning pattern of the building is of corridor-type. As far as the composite scheme is concerned, it is linear. Spacious internal corridors are adapted for convenient navigation making it possible for children to orient themselves indoors. The special feature of the given centre is arranging a new type of space, a multisensory space as means of architecture adaptation to human needs.

The architectural concept of the health centre “Children's Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation” in Japan is of substantial interest[5]. The author's concept is as follows: pediatric patients being within a building are able to feel themselves living in a small, but full-fledged children's town. Having studied special aspects of pediatric patients' psychology, the architect represented the complex in the form of boxes placed, as it would seem, in a non-systematic fashion, arranging various spaces of general and individual purposes. In these boxes children have an opportunity to cloister themselves, hide something or come together and have a good time. The distinctive feature of the given complex is its colour composition. As a rule, the purpose of child centres design is to make them colorful and multicolored. The white colour prevails in the present centre. Here children suffering from obsessionand inability to build up relations with the outside world can feel reassured and unbend. Light-filled premises arise sensation of peace, clarity of mindand feeling of safety. Space-saving, multifaceted and unpredictable planning pattern of the complex reflects its function.

German architects have achieved a great success in designing rehabilitation centres [4]. A lot of their original designs have been turned into reality. Specialty of the German design is an aspiration to create the environment which could be most comfortable, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it would provide absence of the sense of isolation from society. In Germany it is achieved by the following methods: application of the latest technologies; development of current standards providing an extended space for creating the most favourable conditions needed for effective rehabilitation and creating the most comfortable communication environment.

Space-planning decision, in particular, is made considering the maximum number of nuances and special aspects of life activity (including a psychological state of invalids), treatment, rehabilitation and conditions of movement. Functional zoning is performed in the following way. Buildings are low-rise with close-cut separation of functions about floors: technical rooms and power battery are located on the socle floor; on the ground floor there is a surgery block and guest area; on the first and second floors there are treatment sections and zones of rehabilitation. When organizing communication tracks, intrahospital and potroomkinds of transportation are used. Delivery and evacuation of patients are performed with helicopters which take off from the adapted heliport. Typically rehabilitation centres of different directions are located on the same territory of health-improving type.

Important features of architectural decisions of rehabilitation centres are maximum possible specificity accounting of after-care directions and addressing a dual goal concerned with providing the greatest comfort and integrating invalids into the public life. Generally child rehabilitation centres are situated in recreation zones.

Being a structure-forming block, the rehabilitation centre forms around itself a group of auxiliary units such as commercial, hotel, living, manufacturing, social and recreational, sporting, office or research blocks. Such unification promotes rise in profitability at the expense of additional consumer's attraction. We see it fit to study the foreign experience of designing rehabilitation centers for invalids for the purpose of future implementation into the native practice.

Bibliography

1. Recommendations on the designing ofrehabilitation centres for invalids. Moskomarhitektura, 1999. - 18p.

2. Tesler, K.I. Socio-environmental adaptation of disabled people by means of establishing social and rehabilitation centres / K.I. Tesler // Vestnik of MGSU. - 2012. - № 10. - pp. 51-55.

3. Stepanov V.K. Specialized educational and health centres. M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. - 200 p.

4. Philipp Meuser, Christoph Schirmer. New Hospital Buildings in Germany Volume 1: General Hospitals and Health Centres / © 2006 by DOM publishers. 304 p.

5. Rehabilitation Centers.URL:http://www.archdaily.com

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